回旋行波放大器输出端反射对注-波互作用的影响

基于回旋行波放大器的非线性自洽理论,研究渐变输出端反射对回旋行波放大器注-波互作用的影响.数值模拟结果表明,对于Ka波段TE₀₁模基波工作回旋行波放大器,渐变输出端渐变角的变化以及互作用长度的改变将导致不同的反射系数幅度和相位,从而影响注-波互作用过程,改变功率演化过程.在输出饱和功率不变的情况下,合理选择输出渐变角,可能可以减小注-波互作用长度,展宽互作用频带. 关键词： 回旋行波放大器 注-波互作用 反射系数     

分布损耗对回旋行波放大器稳定性的影响

基于电磁模式的色散方程和回旋管非线性理论,研究了损耗层厚度对回旋行波放大器注-波互作用的影响.结果表明,合理选择损耗层电导率和厚度能够让期待的工作模式TE₀₁衰减较小,而对应的竞争模式TE₂₁因损耗很大而更难以起振,随厚度的增加,放大带宽从两边向中间收缩变窄,频带中间部分的输出功率会上升,曲线更加平坦,从而达到改善互作用稳定性的目的. 关键词： 回旋行波放大器 起振长度 起振频率 饱和功率     

170GHz兆瓦级同轴回旋振荡管的分析计算

回旋管是最有希望应用于正在实施的国际热核实验反应堆计划的微波源器件,然而研究设计符合要求的回旋管还存在很多困难需要解决.对170 GHz兆瓦级光滑同轴回旋管的注-波互作用进行了研究.选取模式谱相对稀疏的TE31,12作为工作模式,利用Matlab编制源程序,计算了同轴回旋管的注-波耦合系数、起振电流.在考虑电子速度零散、腔壁电阻率和单模近似的基础上,对光滑同轴谐振腔的优化设计和注-波互作用进行了仿真,给出了磁场、电压、电流和内导体倾角等参量与回旋管效率的关系.结果表明,电压和磁场对回旋管效率影响较大,电子速度零散对回旋管效率影响较小,因而可降低电子枪的设计要求.此外,优化内导体倾角和同轴谐振腔结构参数可提高注-波互作用效率,降低电子速度零散对互作用效率的影响,获得了约50%的电子效率及1.7 MW输出功率.     

回旋行波放大器输出端反射对其稳定性的影响

 基于回旋行波放大器的线性理论和反射边界条件,建立了渐变输出端存在反射时回旋行波放大器模型,分析了TE₀₁圆电模基波回旋行波放大器输出端反射对其增益、返波起振长度、返波起振电流和返波起振频率的影响。结果表明,随着反射增强,线性增益降低,返波起振长度和起振电流减小,返波起振频率的变化较小;反射增强将在一定程度内影响放大器的稳定性。     

Analysis and design of the taper in metal-grating periodic slow-wave structures for rectangular Cerenkov masers

The hybrid-mode dispersion equation of the metal-grating periodic slow-wave structure for a rectangular Cerenkov maser is derived by using the Borgnis function and field-matching methods.An equivalent-circuit model for the taper of the groove depth that matches the smooth waveguide to the metal-grating structure is proposed.By using the equivalentcircuit method,as well as the Ansoft high frequency structure simulator(HFSS) code,an appropriate electromagnetic mode for beam-wave interaction is selected and the equivalent-circuit analysis on the taper is given.The calculated results show that a cumulative reflection coefficient of 0.025 for the beam-wave interaction structure at a working frequency of 78.1 GHz can be reached by designing the exponential taper with a TE z10 rectangular waveguide mode as the input and the desired TE x10 mode as the output.It is worth pointing out that by using the equivalent-circuit method,the complex field-matching problems from the traditional field-theory method for taper design can be avoided,so the taper analysis process is markedly simplified.     

Analysis and Numerical Calculations of the Beam-Wave Interaction for Gyroklystron Amplifiers

A four-cavity gyroklystron was designed and optimized after analysis and calculation of RF system and magnetron injection gun, numerical simulations showed that the TE₀₁₁ mode gyroklystron achieved 280kW peak output power, 38% efficiency, 35dB saturated gain with 250Mhz bandwidth centered at 34GHz for a 68 kV, 11A electron beam. The numerical simulation results were used to build a Ka band high power gyroklystron amplifier. In this paper, analysis and numerical calculation results of the beam-wave interaction are presented. The influences of electron beam, RF system parameters, magnetic field, and input RF signal on output power, efficiency, bandwidth and gain are discussed.     

回旋速调管注-波互作用非线性理论研究

 利用自洽非线性理论对回旋速调管放大器中的电子注-波互作用进行了时域瞬态分析,建立了多腔回旋速调管非线性理论,给出了相应的电子运动方程和复数形式的互作用瞬态场方程。给出并分析了一支工作在TE01模Ka波段四腔回旋速调管注-波互作用的数值计算结果,当电子注电压为72.8 kV,电流为11.8 A,速度零散为5%时,可以得到335 kW的最大饱和功率输出,39.6%的电子效率及320 MHz的饱和带宽,与实验值相比较,二者较为吻合。     

LARGE-SIGNAL SIMULATIONS OF A GYROTRON TRAVELING-WAVE AMPLIFIER WITH A MODE-SELECTIVE INTERACTION CIRCUIT

A self-consistent nonlinear theory is used to analyze the saturated performances of a Ka-band gyrotron traveling wave amplifier (gyro-TWA) operating at the fundamental with a mode-selective interaction circuit involving a tapered vane-slot mode converter. The amplifier is predicted to generate 140 kW saturated output power with 33.3% efficiency, a saturated gain of 33dB, and a 3dB bandwidth of 2.7 GHz (8%) for a 70 kV, 6A electron beam with a velocity ratio of 1.0 and an axial velocity spread of 5%.     

W波段带状注速调管准光输出结构改进设计

本文使用等效偶极子理论和相位叠加原理对准光输出结构进行了理论分析, 并在此基础上对准光渐变输出结构进行了一系列的改进设计, 通过对冷腔特性包括特性阻抗、耦合系数、有载Q值、模式分布均匀性等方面的详细研究, 发现抛物线渐变准光输出腔相比于直线渐变、三角形渐变和切比雪夫渐变结构具有更好的冷场性质, 对改善带状注速调放大器的互作用效率和工作带宽有一定的优势. 在此设计基础上加工了5间隙直线渐变结构准光输出耦合器. 关键词： W波段 带状注速调管 准光输出结构     

波瓣波导谐振腔太赫兹回旋管的研究

以电子回旋脉塞非线性理论为基础, 结合三维电磁仿真软件, 通过导入高频场数值解替代理论解析的方法, 对波瓣波导谐振腔高次谐波太赫兹回旋管进行了理论和模拟研究. 给出了该类回旋管的起振电流、耦合系数以及注波互作用效率等重要参数, 并在此基础上设计了一只工作频率为0.4 THz, 工作模式TE₃₃模三次谐波波瓣波导谐振腔回旋管, 其电子注参数为1.0 A, 40.5 kV, 横纵速度比1.5,互作用区引导磁场为5.09 T, 输出功率达到3.3 kW.     

Kinetic theory of high-relativistic electron cyclotron maser with anovel quasioptical cavity

Using the Laplace transformation, the kinetic theory of the high-relativistic electron cyclotron maser having a novel open-resonator-the axisymmetrical quasioptical cavity of oblique rotation at arbitrary angle, is carried out within the framework of the linearized Vlasov-Maxwell equations. The beam-wave interaction power, starting current and frequency shift have been derived and numerically calculated. The influence of rotation angle on the beam-wave interaction is also studied. A series of important conclusions obtained reveal the characteristics of this novel quasioptical electron cyclotron maser     

94GHz渐变复合腔二次谐波回旋管的设计

根据注-波互作用自洽非线性理论,编写了分析渐变复合腔的计算程序,通过该程序,获得了工作模式对为TE021-TE031的注-波互作用腔体和相关电磁参量的优化结果。应用粒子模拟软件对设计的复合腔进行了模拟,模拟与数值计算结果基本一致。根据计算结果研制了二次谐波回旋管,在加速电压57.5kV、电流10A下,测得其工作频率为94GHz,输出模式为TE01,峰值功率和效率分别为156kW和27.1%。计算、模拟和实验结果基本一致。     

矩形螺旋线行波管注-波互作用3维模拟

 运用3D粒子模拟软件MAGIC分析了矩形螺旋线行波管(TWT)的注 波互作用过程。模型设计了电导率线性渐变的电阻耦合器代替同轴输入输出结构来减少反射,消除自激震荡。仿真结果表明： 矩形螺旋线TWT模型能够进行有效的注 波互作用,完全可以反映管内互作用的非线性本质,证明了模型设计的合理性,并对影响注 波互作用的一些重要参量进行了讨论。设计的X波段TWT可达到的指标为：工作频率8~12 GHz,输出功率峰值达480 W,3 dB带宽为4 GHz,电子效率为11.8%。     

有限尺寸宏粒子空间电荷场研究

 用格林函数理论导出了圆柱对称系统中有限尺寸宏粒子一维和二维空间电荷场权函数的表达式，比较了有限尺寸宏粒子空间电荷场权函数与圆盘或圆环模型空间电荷场权函数的差别，得到了与圆盘或圆环模型空间电荷场权函数[1]不同的、更合理的计算结果。并用这两种空间电荷场权函数模拟了螺旋线行波管中的注波互作用过程，得到了其输出功率曲线，表明了用有限尺寸宏粒子计算的互作用输出功率比圆盘或圆环模型计算的输出功率饱和位置提前，饱和值增加。     

锥形太赫兹量子级联激光器输出功率与光束特性研究

针对锥形太赫兹量子级联激光器, 利用有限差分波束传播法和速率方程法, 建立了准三维的太赫兹有源器件仿真模型, 能够对具有轴向非线性波导结构的激光器进行模拟. 利用此模型, 研究了锥角大小对激光器输出光功率及光束质量的影响. 仿真结果表明, 考虑到器件之间的光耦合效率, 为了达到最大的有效输出光功率, 锥形太赫兹量子级联激光器的锥角存在一个最优值.     

共焦波导结构回旋行波管的设计与仿真

针对0.14 THz大气窗口,利用CST微波工作室和3维粒子模拟软件,对共焦波导结构的太赫兹回旋行波管进行了冷腔色散和注波互作用的模拟研究。以TE06模式作为互作用工作模式,在电压为35 kV、电流为2 A、横纵速度比为0.85的电子束参数下,当输入信号为1 W时,得到最高2 kW的微波功率输出,3 dB带宽为3.5 GHz,增益为30 dB。     

螺旋线行波管三维频域非线性注波互作用的计算

基于行波管中慢电磁行波的周期传输特性和能流坡印廷定理,考虑高频结构的衰减、切断、螺距的渐变与跳变对互作用的影响,建立了螺旋线行波管三维场论非线性自洽工作方程组.通过傅里叶展式将时域中的电流变换为与频率相关的交流电流分量,采用等离子体粒子模拟的方法,求解离散化的亥姆霍兹方程获得空间电荷场的三维数值解.计算三维电子轨迹,得到精确的互作用后的电子能谱结构,为多级降压收集极的设计提供关键参数.计算结果与电子所Ku波段的测试值比较具有较好的一致性,并分析了互作用后的电子能谱结构,与多级降压收集极的实验基本符合. 关键词： 行波管 非线性注波互作用 空间电荷场 等离子体粒子模拟     

Linear Theory of Plasma-Filled Coaxial Cylindrical Cherenkov Maser

Injection of background plasma into the beam-wave interaction region can greatly enhance the beam-wave interaction efficiency and the microwave output power of the device. In this paper, a new type of plasma-filled slow-wave structure, i.e., plasma-filled, dielectric-loaded coaxial cylindrical waveguide with a dielectric ring enclosing tightly the inner conductor, is developed. The Cherenkov radiation excited by the beam-wave interaction in the slow-wave structure is examined by use of the self-consistent linear field theory. The dispersion equation and the synchronized condition of the beam-wave interaction are derived. It's clearly shown that the Cherenkov radiation excited by the beam-wave interaction results from the coupling between the slow electromagnetic wave, TM-modes, propagated along the slow-wave structure and the negative-energy space-charge wave propagated along the relativistic electron beam. And the wave growth rate is solved, and the beam-wave energy exchange in the presence of the background plasma is discussed. Finally, the effects of the background plasma density on the dispersion characteristics, the distribution of the longitudinal fluctuating electric field, the wave growth rate and the beam-wave energy exchange are calculated and discussed.     

Top-hat beam Tm<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-doped fiber laser using an intracavity abrupt taper

The top-hat beam clad-pumped Tm³⁺-doped fiber laser was realized simply using an intracavity multi-mode abrupt taper. The ratio of the flat-top diameter to the spot diameter reaches 53%, with a small intensity variation less than 6%, and the top-hat beam’s half-divergence angle is only 5.3°. The fiber laser has a maximal output power of 5 W with slope efficiency of 39.7%, pumped by the 792 nm diode laser (LD). The abrupt taper is directly made on the multi-mode double-clad Tm³⁺-doped fiber near the fiber laser output end with the 0.45 ratio of taper waist diameter to fiber clad diameter, and this fiber end 4% Fresnel reflection is used to be the output coupler. The fiber laser’s high reflective coupler is an intracore multi-mode FBG, which is directly written into the multi-mode Tm³⁺-doped fiber core using femtosecond laser and phase mask, at the other fiber end. The abrupt taper has no obviously influence on the fiber laser output power, and the output laser spectrum.     

新型低阻抗同轴慢波器件模拟研究

提出一种新型的低阻抗同轴慢波器件,它利用阳极金属网将二极管区与波束互作用区分开,并在波束互作用区采用内外双盘荷波导慢波结构以提高波束互作用效率。利用全电磁粒子模拟软件进行优化设计,结果表明:在输入电功率100 GW、电流95.4 kA的条件下,同轴慢波器件可在L波段获得23 GW的平均输出功率,功率转换效率达到23%。该器件无需外加磁场,结构简单,小型轻便。同时还对阳极金属网的温升状况进行了简单的估算。