LIF技术测量浓度场的影响因素分析

本文研究了作为示踪剂的荧光素钠的谱图，测定了荧光素钠在蒸馏水和普通自来水中的吸光系数，估算了荧光分子的平均寿命。最后，详细分析了浓度、激光功率、温度、ｐＨ值和截止滤光片对荧光强度的影响。     

A MODIFIED ALGORITHM FOR DEALING WITH HOLDER FRICTION BOUNDARY CONDITION IN SIMULATION OF SHEET METAL FORMING

I. INTRODUCTIONSheet metal forming is an important metal forming technology, which has found wide applicationin automobile body, especially car body production[1]. With the constantly increasing demand forshape, quality and dimension precision of stamped products, engineers are urged to keep improvingand perfecting the forming process, which also makes the numerical simulation technology for sheetmetal forming based on elasto-plastic large deformation FEM theory[2??6] employed more exten…     

潮流中污染物离散的理论分析与应用

利用浓度矩法推导了纵向流速分布可分离为空间函数与时间函数相乘型式的二维潮汐流动中剪切离散系数的表达式,获得了对数流速分布下正弦式潮汐流离散系数随时间的变化过程,对离散与潮流特征的关系以及负离散问题进行了分析。最后将理论分析成果应用于珠江黄埔河段,获得了与实测资料相符的结果。     

混合物组分含量的表达方式

根据国家标准中有关量和单位规定概述了混合物中组分含量的几种表达方式，并结合科技文章中常见的不规范表达作了错误例析。     

连续流式电泳浓度场的三维分析

本文研究含不同微粒的缓冲液通过方形连续流式电泳室时在横向电场作用下的分离问题,首次全面考虑了三维的温度场,速度场和浓度场的相互作用,通过数值模拟揭示了微重力环境及通常重力条件下各参数的影响。文中还提出一种拟三维算法,能使数值模拟的工作量大大减小而所得结果与三维算法的结果一致。     

血流动力学与动脉粥样硬化

动脉粥样硬化引发的心血管疾病已成为疾病死亡的主要原因，动脉粥样硬化虽是一多因素疾病，但该疾病的局部性现象却与心血管系统的血流动力学特性有关。目前，人们在这一领域的研究重点主要集中于弄明局部应力，特别是流动剪切应力变化对动脉血管生理和病理的影响，本在综述血流动力学因素对动脉粥样硬化的影响的同时，根据实验研究提出了一些新的见解，认为血管内壁脂质浓度极化也是造成动脉粥样硬化的重要因素。     

两种流型下雾滴表面气溶胶粒子的扩散沉积

用浓度边界层理论分析了势流和Hadamard流情形下雾滴或云滴前向驻点处小粒子的扩散效应。结果表明：存在静电效应时，有限直径小粒子在雾滴表面的扩散通量与两个无量纲数参数有效；对于无外场作用时的点粒子情形，上述两种流型下的扩散沉积特征与粘性流结果亦不相同。     

Nanoparticle nucleation and coagulation in a mixing layer

Numerical simulation of nanoparticle nucleation and coagulation in a mixing layer with sulfuric acid vapor binary system is performed using the large eddy simulation and the direct quadrature method of moment. The distributions of number concentration, volume concentration, and average diameter of nanoparticles are obtained. The results show that the coherent structures have an important effect on the distributions of number concentration, volume concentration and average diameter of nanoparticles via continuously transporting and diffusing the nanoparticles to the area of low particle concentration. In the streamwise direction, the number concentration of nanoparticles decreases, while the volume concentration and the average diameter increase. The distributions of number concentration, volume concentration and average diameter of nanoparticles are spatially inhomogeneous. The characteristic time of nucleation is shorter than that of coagulation. The nucleation takes place more easily in the area of low temperature because where the number concentration of nanoparticles is high, while the intensity of coagulation is mainly affected by the number concentration. Both nucleation and coagulation result in the variation of average diameter of nanoparticles.     

Technical challenges in tackling regulatory concerns for urban atmospheric nanoparticles

Recent Euro 5 and Euro 6 vehicle emission standards are the first ever initiative to control particles on a number basis at the source. Related standards are also desirable for ambient nanoparticles (taken in this article to be those below 300 nm) to protect against possible adverse effects on public health and the environment. However, there are a number of technical challenges that need to be tackled before developing a regulatory framework for atmospheric nanoparticles. Some of the challenges derive from a lack of standardisation of the key measurement parameters, including sampling, necessary for robust evaluation of particle number concentrations, especially in the context of insufficient knowledge of the physicochemical characteristics of emerging sources (i.e. bio-fuel derived and manufactured nanoparticles). Ideally, ambient concentrations of primary particles could be linked to primary particle emissions by use of nanoparticle dispersion models, and secondary nanoparticles using photochemical modeling tools. The limitations in these areas are discussed. Although there is inadequate information on the exact biological mechanism through which these particles cause harm, it is argued that this should not in itself delay the introduction of regulation. This article reviews the missing links between the existing knowledge of nanoparticle number concentrations and the advances required to tackle the technical challenges implied in developing regulations.     

隧道峒口污染物扩散控制方案的研究

采用三维数值模拟的方法,对隧道峒口污染物的扩散情况进行了预测和分析,揭示了在不同风向条件下,隧道峒口废气的扩散特征,并根据计算结果提出了一种较为经济的控制污染物排放的方案,对工程设计具有一定的指导意义。     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HORIZONTAL EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT AND PM10 CONCENTRATION IN XI＇AN, CHINA, DURING 1980-2002

Based on daily visibility data obtained from 1980-2002 and air pollution index data from 2001-2004 in Xi＇an, long-term variations and relationships for daily horizontal extinction coefficient and mass concentration of PM10 have been evaluated. A decreasing trend was found in horizontal extinction coefficient during the past 23 years, with higher values observed in 1980s relative to 1990s, and the highest and lowest values in winter and summer, respectively. Significant correlation and similar seasonal variations existed between horizontal extinction coefficient and PM10 concentration, suggesting the high influence of PM10 to the visibility drop at a site in the Guanzhong Plain of central China during the past two decades.     

LIF喷流混合流浓度场定量测量

本文介绍激光诱导荧光(LIF)的瞬时浓度场定量测量技术,采用了CCD图象采集处理系统和低浓度简化校正技术等,讨论了喷流混合流浓度场测量的初步结果。     

Flow structures inside a large-scale turbulent fluidized bed of FCC particles： Eulerian simulation with an EMMS-based sub-grid scale model

Turbulent fluidized bed reactors are widely used in industry. However, CFD simulations of the hydrody- namic characteristics of these reactors are relatively sparse, despite the urgent demand from industry. To address this problem, Eulerian simulations with an EMMS-based sub-grid scale model, accounting for the effect of sub-grid scale structures on the inter-phase friction, are performed to study the hydrodynamics inside a large-scale turbulent fluidized bed of FCC particles. It is shown that the simulated axial and radial solid concentration profiles, entrained solid fluxes and standard deviation of the solid concentration fluc- tuation agreed well with experimental data available in the literature. In-depth analysis of time-averaged particle velocity and solid concentration shows that a dense-suspension upflow regime coexists with fast fluidization regime in this bed, which is reminiscent of the hydrodynamic characteristics in high-density circulating fluidized bed （CFB） risers, even though they are operated in different fluidization regimes. The Reynolds stresses in turbulent fluidized beds are anisotropic, but the degree of anisotropy is far less pro- nounced than the reported values in CFB risers. It was also found that the solid concentration fluctuation and axial particle velocity fluctuation are strongly correlated. 2009 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.     

微小晶体生长过程的光学诊断实验研究

将光学干涉技术与显微技术相结合,应用计算机技术、图像处理技术发展形成一种实时细观诊断的实验方法──光学细观干涉诊断技术;实时观测了KCl晶体在容积为3mm×3mm×4.5mm的生长池内的结晶过程,得到了该过程的晶体的表面形貌、生长速率、以及晶体生长尺寸与时间、浓度与时间的定量的关系,观测到由重力引起的浮力对流现象,它直接影响晶体的生长．实验表明重力对晶体生长形态有很大的影响;生长速率与浓度存在很大的依赖关系．     

基于相移干涉技术的晶体溶解及生长边界层实时监测

晶体在溶解及生长过程中边界层的信息直接影响晶体生长速度和物质输运过程,进而影响晶体质量和生长机制。本文利用相移干涉技术建立了晶体生长过程实时监测系统,对无机盐晶体溶解及生长过程中的边界层信息及物质输运过程进行了实时监测,获得了整个实验过程中的晶体生长速度。实验表明:在溶解过程中,边界层内浓度分布与晶体界面距离呈指数下降关系,边界层内浓度差与晶体溶解速度随时间呈指数减小关系;在结晶过程中,边界层内浓度分布规律与溶解过程相反;边界层内浓度差和晶体生长速度曲线则呈现出先上升再下降最后趋于稳定的规律,且在重力场和物质输运过程的共同作用下,晶体表面会产生浮力对流现象。     

一种测量低密度混合流场浓度的新方法──热线法

本文介绍了一种测量低密度混合流场浓度的方法，采用热线浓度探头对Ａｉｒ－Ｈｅ组成的混合体系进行了标定测试。在不同真空度和不同结构探头下进行了一系列对比试验。同时考察了它们对测试精度的影响。     

焊锡接点IMC层的扩散应力

钎焊过程中在焊锡接点中形成的金属间化合物(IMC)对焊锡接点可靠性具有重要影响。在原子扩散效应下,回流焊和等温时效过程中IMC层的生长会在其内部产生应力,其微结构也发生变化,致使IMC层和整个焊点的力学性能下降。本文基于扩散反应机制,研究了由于原子扩散产生的IMC层的扩散应力。首先建立了焊锡接点IMC层生长早期微结构特征的2界面(Cu/Cu6Sn5/Solder)分析模型,然后运用Laplace变换法求解扩散方程得到了Cu原子在IMC层中的浓度分布;采用把原子扩散作用转换为体应变方法,计算了IMC层在形成和生长过程中应力的解析解。结果表明：IMC层中的扩散应力为压应力,最大值位于Cu/IMC界面处,大小与扩散原子浓度密切相关;随着时效时间的增加,扩散应力增大,但最终趋于稳定并沿IMC厚度方向线性变化。     

LINEAR AND NONLINEAR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF PARTICULATE COMPOSITES AT FINITE CONCENTRATION

An analytical method was proposed dielectric properties for particulate composites. to calculate effective linear and nonlinear The method is based on an approximate solution of two-particle interaction problem, and it can be applied to relatively high volume concentration of particles （up to 50%）. Nonlinear dielectric property was also examined by means of secant method. It is found that for low applied electric filed the proposed method is close to Stroud and Hui＇s method and for high applied electric filed it is close to Yu＇s method.     

气固两相流场的湍流颗粒浓度理论模型

本文进行了气固两相流动颗粒湍流扩散现象的理论分析，提出了颗粒湍流扩散系数和气流弥散效应二个颗粒湍流模化新概念，在此基础上建立了气固两相流场湍流颗粒浓度模型。理论模型包括离心力和其它外加力场作用下颗粒运动和浓度分布的计算方法。运用湍流颗粒浓度模型，对直管气固两相流动、受限射流气固两相流动和９０°弯管气固两相流动等三种流动做了数值模拟，计算获得颗粒速度、颗粒浓度等主要流动参数。讨论了湍流颗粒浓度模型的适用性。     

开敞空间液化天然气泄漏低温扩散及爆炸传播规律

低温可导致人员冻伤及物品脆裂,气体爆炸传播规律是爆炸演化过程和事故分析的基础。采用数值模拟方法,研究液化天然气大面积泄漏汽化过程、甲烷与空气混合过程及爆炸传播过程。结果表明:随着扩散距离的增大,低温区域的温度谷值升高,且升高趋势变缓;在距泄漏源中心110 m范围内,温度低于273 K;随着风速的增加,温度谷值呈线性下降;随着泄漏时间的延长,温度谷值降低,且下降趋势变缓;随着距泄漏中心距离的增加,爆炸后超压峰值先升高后降低;在距泄漏源中心200 m范围内,爆炸产生的高温会对人员造成伤害。