铂电阻温度计的分度与实验装置

铂电阻温度计的分度与实验装置李文成，谢家春（天津大学物理系３０００７２）一、前言电阻温度计是科学实验及生产中用于测温的主要仪器之一，而铂电阻温度计被国际规定为用于１３．８１～６３０．７４℃的测温标准仪器．因此，在物理实验教学中使学生了解铂电阻温度计的...     

一种新型铂电阻温度计及其性能研究

中国计量科学研究院同云南仪表厂合作研制一种新型的套管铂电阻温度计，并对其作为较为详细的实验研究，研究结果如下：在水三相点，温度计的稳定性优于±０．３ｍＫ，在一周之内，复现性优于±０．１ｍＫ，１ｍＡ测量电流下自热不超过１ｍＫ，温度计在４．２Ｋ温度下的电阻比Ｗ小于５．９×１０＾－４，其标准偏差的绝对值不大于３×１０＾－８；而非一致性在８３Ｋ以上稍大，而在１７Ｋ－８３Ｋ间小于０．４ｍＫ，在其余温度范围均     

GdHO_（0．15）合金电阻率研究

本文利用纯Ｇｄ掺ＨＯ构成ＧｄＨＯ０１５合金，研究居里温度变化．居里温度由纯Ｇｄ的Ｔｃ＝２９３Ｋ，变化到ＧｄＨＯ．１５合金的Ｔｃ＝２７８Ｋ．并在１．５Ｔ外磁场下，液氮温区，研究磁阻变化规律．结果纯Ｇｄ的磁阻在此范围内为负的，而掺ＨＯ后，ＧｄＨＯ０．１５合金的磁阻力正，证明了掺杂ＨＯ原子影响了Ｇｄ的自旋涨落．     

薄膜Pt电阻温度计的标定及低温磁阻

本对薄膜铂电阻温度计一４．５Ｋ－２５０Ｋ温区及０－５Ｔ纵向磁场下的进行标定，并对其在Ｔ〈５０Ｋ的磁阻效应进行了讨论。实验曲线细致光滑，实验数据表明它在低温下仍有一定测温灵敏度，如在１０Ｋ时每度仍有十几微伏的变化。     

铑铁温度计、基准铂电阻温度计之间的相互比对

本文描述低温电阻温度计的分度装置,并进行了铑铁温度计、基准铂电阻温度计之间的比对,结果表明:在4—27K 范围内,铑铁温度计之间相差小于±1mK,铑铁温度计与基准铂电阻温度计之间相差小于±2mK,在13.8—100K 范围内,基准铂电阻温度计相差小于±2mK,文中还给出了与英国 NPL、法国 IMM 分度结果的偏差.     

Bi_（2．2）Sr_（1．8）Ca_（1．05）Cu（2．15－x）NaxO_

本文介绍了用熔融法制备Ｂｉ２．２Ｓｒ１．８Ｃａ１．０５Ｃｕ２．１５－ｘＮａｘＯ８＋ｙ（ｘ＝０，０．４～０．８）样品，发现诸样品零电阻温度都在９０Ｋ左右，其小ｘ＝０．７．Ｔｃ０达到９２，５Ｋ．在８１Ｋ较高温区，该类样品仍然表现出良好的超导电性，其临界电流密度还达到１０３Ａ／ｃｍ２量级．     

Bi2.2Sr1.8Ca1.05Cu2.15—xNaxO8＋y超导电性研究

本介绍了用熔融法制备Ｂｉ２．２Ｓｒ１．８Ｃａ１．０５Ｃｕ２．１５－ｘＮａｘＯ８＋ｙ（ｘ＝０，０．４～０．８）样品，发现诸样品零电阻温度都在９０Ｋ左右，其中ｘ＝０．７，Ｔｃ０达到９２．５Ｋ。在８１Ｋ较高温区，该类样品仍然表现出良好的超导电性，其临界电流密度还达到１０＾３Ａ／ｃｍ＾２量级。     

低温铂电阻温度计的分度

根据1968年国际实用温标分度13.81—273.15 K范围的铂电阻温度计需要复现七个固定点,复现这些固定点要作出很大的努力,不但费用大而且也花时间。然而对于大量现行使用的铂电阻温度计,人们不要求很高的准确度,所以不必付出那样大的代价去复现七个固定点。鉴于上述考虑,我们决定用一支IPTS-68基准铂电阻温度计在四个分度点(即13.81 K、20.28 K、90.188 K和0℃)对现行使用的温度计进行分度,基于Z函数内插,分度精度从13.81—20.28 K优于18 mK,从20.28—90.188 K优于22 mK、从90.188—273.15 K优于15 mK。     

压缩因子Z〉1的定容高压气体的压力与温度的关系

改良了文献［１］的近似处理方法，从求解新的非线性常微分方程中，导出了Ｚ＞１的定容高压气体在（Ｔ０，ｐ０）附近的压力与温度的关系。对照Ｒｅｄｌｉｃｈ－Ｋｗｏｎｇ方程的计算值表明，在｜ΔＴ｜＜１５Ｋ时，其压力的平均相对误差小于０．９％。     

无序GaInP光致发光谱的温度依赖关系

研究了无序ＧａＩｎＰ样品的温度依赖关系，大低温ＰＬ谱中，谱线呈单峰结构。随着温度从１５Ｋ升高到２５０Ｋ，说地宽从１６ｍｅＶ增大到３１ｍｅＶ，并且发生红移，同时强度减小两个数数量级。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.