Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Receptacle

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) contains active ingredients, such as flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on essential oil from the receptacle of sunflower (SEO). In this work, we investigated the chemical composition and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of SEO. The yield of SEO was about 0.42% (v/w) by hydrodistillation. A total of 68 volatile components of SEO were putatively identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main constituents of SEO were α-pinene (26.00%), verbenone (7.40%), terpinolene (1.69%) and α-terpineol (1.27%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of SEO against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was 0.2 mg/mL. The MIC of SEO against S. cerevisiae was 3.2 mg/mL. The MIC of SEO against E. coli and Candida albicans was 6.4 mg/mL. The results showed that SEO had high antibacterial and antifungal activities. Three different analytical assays (DPPH, ABTS and iron ion reducing ability) were used to determine the antioxidant activities. The results showed that SEO had antioxidant activities. To summarize, the results in this study demonstrate the possibility for the development and application of SEO in potential natural preservatives and medicines due to its excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.     

He-Ne laser-induced improvement in biochemical, physiological, growth and yield characteristics in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

The water-soaked seeds of sunflower were exposed to low power continuous wave He-Ne laser irradiation of energies 0, 100, 300 and 500 mJ to evaluate the effect on various biochemical, physiological, growth and yield parameters of sunflower. The experiments which consisted of four replicates arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) were carried out under the greenhouse conditions. The physiological attributes like, photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), intrinsic CO(2) concentration (C(i) ), stomatal conductance (g(s)), chlorophyll a and b contents, relative membrane permeability and leaf water (ψ(w)), osmotic (ψ(s)) and turgor (ψ(p)) potentials, relative water contents and leaf area increased significantly as compared to control due to He-Ne treatment of seeds. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalases and contents of total soluble proteins, malondialdehyde, proline and leaf total phenolic also increased due to laser treatment. Significant increase in growth parameters of sunflower like shoot fresh and dry masses, root fresh and dry masses, root and shoot lengths, number of leaves per plant and stem diameter has also been observed. The contents of K, Ca and Mg in shoot and root were also increased and an overall increase of up to 28.12% was observed due to laser treatment.     

Overexpression of StGA2ox1 Gene Increases the Tolerance to Abiotic Stress in Transgenic Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Plants

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - It has been known that GA2ox is one kind of key enzyme gene in the gibberellin synthesis pathway, which plays important regulatory roles throughout plant...     

Two new cyclopentenone derivatives and a new cyclooctadienone derivative from Erigeron annuus (L.) PERS., Erigeron philadelphicus L., and Erigeron sumatrensis RETZ

Two new cyclopentenone derivatives, erigerenones A (1) and B (2), and a new cyclooctadienone derivative, erigerenone C (3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Erigeron philadelphicus L. Compound 2 was also isolated from the aerial parts of Erigeron annuus (L.) PERS. and Erigeron sumatrensis RETZ. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.     

新型N-取代酰基-N-甲基-3-(1-萘氧基)-3-(2-噻吩基)-丙胺衍生物的设计与合成

(S)-N-甲基-3-(1-萘氧基)-3-(2-噻吩基)-丙胺(度洛西汀)分别与4个烷基酰氯反应,合成了4个新型的N-甲基-3-(1-萘氧基)-3-(2-噻吩基)-丙胺酰基衍生物,其结构经1H NMR,IR和MS表征。     

Synthesis and Antivirus Activities of Novel Triazoly1-3 (2H) -2H-chromen-2-ones

设计并合成了6个未见文献报道的三唑席夫碱苯并吡喃酮类化合物,其结构经1H NMR,IR和元素分析表征.初步生物活性测试结果表明,用量为500 mg·L-1时,部分化合物对黄瓜花叶病毒有一定的抑制作用.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Biological Activity of a Novel Complex： Co（L）2（CH3OH）2Cl2 （L = 3-（1,2,4-Triazole-yl）-6-chloro-pyridazine）

The title compound, Co（L）2（CH3OH）2Cl2 （L = 3-（1,2,4-triazole-yl）-6-chloro-pyridazine） 1, has been synthesized and its crystal structure has been determined by X-ray analysis. Complex 1 crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 6.018（3）, b = 9.832（5）, c = 9.921（5）A, a = 78.270（8）, β = 74.550（8）, γ = 83.807（8）°, V = 553.1（5）A^3, Z = 1, C14H16Cl4CoN10O2, Mr = 557.10, Dc = 1.673 g/cm^3, F（000） = 281,μ（MoKα） = 1.293 mm^-1, the final R = 0.0453 and wR = 0.1181 for 1539 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. The Co（II） ion is in a distorted centrosymmetric six-coordinate octahedral environment with two Ntriazole, two Omethanol and two Cl atoms. Via hydrogen bonds the configuration of 1 has been extended into 1D chains which are developed to 2D layers via π-π sticking action, and these layers are further extended into a 3D network by hydrogen bonds. The antibacterial activity of the title compound has been detected, and the results show that the ligands and cobalt（II） complex exhibit certain fungicidal activity against several bacteria. Furthermore, the spectral properties of the title compound have been also studied and discussed.     

Cloning and Characterization of a Heme Oxygenase-2 Gene from Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Heme oxygenase (HO, EC 1.14.99.3) catalyzes the oxidation of heme and performs vital roles in plant development and stress responses. Two HO isozymes exist in plants. Between these, HO-1 is an oxidative stress-response protein, and HO-2 usually exhibited constitutive expression. Although alfalfa HO-1 gene (MsHO1) has been investigated previously, HO2 is still poorly understood. In this study, we report the cloning and characterization of HO2 gene, MsHO2, from alfalfa (Medica sativa L.). The full-length cDNA of MsHO2 contains an ORF of 870 bp and encodes for 290 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 33.3 kDa. Similar to MsHO1, MsHO2 also appears to have an N-terminal transit peptide sequence for chloroplast import. Many conserved residues in plant HO were also conserved in MsHO2. However, unlike HO-1, the conserved histidine (His) required for heme-iron binding and HO activity was replaced by tyrosine (Tyr) in MsHO2. Further biochemical activity analysis of purified mature MsHO2 showed no HO activity, suggesting that MsHO2 may not be a true HO in nature. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR confirmed its maximum expression in the germinating seeds. Importantly, the expression levels of MsHO2 were up-regulated under sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and H(2)O(2) (especially) treatment, respectively.     

Hypbrvalent Iodine Oxidation of 3-(2-Furyl)-1-(2-hydroxyaryl)prop-2-enones : Synthesis of Novel 2-(2-Furyl)-cis-3-hydroxvchromanones and Derived 3-Hydroxychromones

The synthesis of novel 2-(2-furyl)-cis-3-hydroxychro-manones(3a-c) has been achieved from 3-(2-furyl)-1-(2-hydroxy-aryl)-2-enones (1a-c) via acid catalyzed hydrolysis of dimethylacetals (2a-c), formed by hypervalent iodine oxidation using iodobenzene diacetate in methanolic potassium hydroxide. Action of dil. alkali on 3a and 3b provides a new synthesis of 2-(2-furyl)-3-hydroxychromones (6a, 6b).     

3-(Substituted Aryl)-1-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2-propenones,Part 1: Synthesis and Characterization of Some Novel Chalcones

Synthesis and characterization of some novel chalcones by condensation of 2-acetylbenzofurane and various aromatic aldehydes is described.     

Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity Study of Novel 2-(Aryldiazenyl)-3-methyl-1H-benzo[g]indole Derivatives

A novel series of 2-(aryldiazenyl)-3-methyl-1H-benzo[g]indole derivatives (3a–f) were prepared through the cyclization of the corresponding arylamidrazones, employing polyphosphoric acid (PPA) as a cyclizing agent. All of the compounds (3a–f) were characterized using ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, MS, elemental analysis, and melting point techniques. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against diverse human cancer cell lines by the National Cancer Institute. While all of the screened compounds were found to be cytotoxic at a 10 µM concentration, two of them (2c) and (3c) were subjected to five dose screens and showed a significant cytotoxicity and selectivity.     

新型(E)-1-取代苯基-3-(3''''-取代吲哚基)-2-丙烯酮类化合物的合成和抗炎活性研究

设计合成了一系列新的席合物3a～3p, 其结构经 1H NMR, IR, LC/MS确证. 用化合物对小鼠耳部巴豆油炎症影响的炎症模型测定化合物3a～3i的生物活性, 结果表明, 化合物3d, 3f, 3g可明显抑制巴豆油致小鼠耳部炎症. 其抑制率分别为19.5%, 27.6%, 16.1%.     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Antioxidant Properties of Novel 1-(4-Aryl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-{[1-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl]methylidene}hydrazines

Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry - A series of novel 1-(4-aryl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-{[1-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl]methyli­dene}hydrazines were synthesized and properly...     

N-(2-(5-(3-溴-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基)-4-氯-6-甲基苯基)酰胺类新化合物的合成及生物活性

以N-吡啶基吡唑甲酸和2-氨基-3-甲基苯甲酸为起始原料,经由亲核加成、环化和酰化等多步反应合成了一系列结构新颖的N-(2-(5-(3-溴-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基)-4-氯-6-甲基苯基)酰胺类化合物.测试了所合成化合物的杀虫及抑菌活性,结果表明,新化合物大多化合物在200 mg·L^-1浓度下对东方粘虫(Mythimna separataWalker)具有一定的杀虫活性,尤其是N-(2-(5-(3-溴-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基)-4-氯-6-甲基苯基)乙酰胺(8a)和N-(2-(5-(3-溴-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基)-4-氯-6-甲基苯基)-3-氯-2,2-二甲基丙酰胺(8e)致死率可达70%;部分化合物在50 mg·L^-1浓度下对油菜菌核病菌的抑菌活性相对较好(54.5%~63.6%),优于triadimefon和chlorantraniliprole;部分化合物如N-(2-(5-(3-溴-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基)-4-氯-6-甲基苯基)-3,3-二甲基丁酰胺80和N-(2-(5-(3-溴-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2-基)-4-氯-6-甲基苯基)-4-氟苯甲酰胺(8h)对苹果轮纹病菌具有中等抑菌活性.值得注意的是,化合物8e的杀粘虫活性和对油菜菌核病菌的抑菌活性都较为突出,可用作新农药创制研究的新型参考结构.     

Syntheses and Biological Activities of Novel 3-Bromo-1-（3-chloropy- ridin-2-yl）-N-hydroxy-N-aryl- 1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamides

A series of novel 3-bromo-1-（3-chloropyridin-2-yl）-N-hydroxy-N-aryl-lH-pyrazole-5-carboxamides was synthesized by the reaction of pyrazole carbonyl chloride with each of substituted phenylhydroxyamines. The latter ones were prepared in good yields by reducing substituted nitrobenzene compounds with Zn/NH4CI reductant system in alcohol. Structures of the title compounds were determined by IR, 1H NMR, and HRMS. Their insecticidal and fungicidal activities were evaluated by larvicidal test against oriental armyworm and the mycelium growth rate method, respectively.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure,Antitumor Activities and Docking Study of 1-(2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)ethyl)-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)urea

The title compound,1-(2-(1 H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)urea(C_(18)H_(19)N_3O_2,M_r = 309.36) has been synthesized,and its structure was characterized by ~1H-NMR,~(13)C-NMR,ESI-MS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2_1/c with a = 16.2774(15),b = 11.1082(10),c = 9.0819(3) ?,β = 103.09(9)°,V = 1599.5(3) ?~3,Z = 4,T = 293(2) K,μ(MoKα) = 0.086 mm~(-1),D_c = 1.285 g/cm~3,F(000) = 656 and GOOF = 0.981.5973 reflections were measured(7.04≤2θ≤52.04°),and 3143 were unique(Rint= 0.0393,Rsigma = 0.0546) and used in all calculations.The final R = 0.0756(I 2σ(I)) and w R = 0.1976(all data).The antitumor activity of the title compound was analyzed by MTT assay.Meanwhile,to rationalize its potencies in the CDK4 target,the title compound was docked into CDK4 protein and the interactions with the active site residues were analyzed.     

Generation of 3-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-1H-inden-1-ones via a tandem reaction of 1-(2-alkynylphenyl)-2-enone, 2-isocyanoacetate, and water

A silver triflate-catalyzed tandem reaction of 1-(2-alkynylphenyl)-2-enone, 2-isocyanoacetate, and water provides a novel and efficient route for the delivery of 3-(1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-1H-inden-1-ones. Four bonds are formed during the tandem process.