纳米TiO2介孔薄膜的模板组装制备研究

以TiCl₄为无机前驱体、三嵌段高分子共聚物EO₂₀PO₇₀EO₂₀为模板剂，在非水条件下制备了有序的锐钛矿TiO₂纳米晶介孔薄膜。通过热重-差热（TG-DTA）分析、X射线衍射（XRD）分析、原子力显微观察（AFM）及N₂吸附-脱附等测试对样品进行了表征。结果表明，薄膜具有均一的大介孔孔径（～10 nm），其BET比表面积为150 m²·g^-1，薄膜较宽的无机壁厚显著提高了介孔结构的热稳定性。通过红外（IR）光谱分析考察了溶胶-凝胶过程中发生的物理化学变化。在对薄膜表面形貌进行AFM观察的基础上初步探讨了嵌段共聚物EO₂₀PO₇₀EO₂₀对薄膜孔结构形成的导向机理。     

具有锐钛矿骨架结构TiO2介孔分子筛的合成

在“酸-碱对”合成高度有序TiO₂介孔分子筛的基础上, 引入具有促进质子转移作用的硝基甲烷作为晶化助剂, 增强了合成体系中无机-无机之间相互作用力. XRD, TEM, BET, UV-Vis表征表明, 成功合成了骨架为锐钛矿的高度有序TiO₂介孔分子筛. 研究发现, 适量晶化助剂是成功合成的关键.     

具有锐钛矿骨架结构TiO2介孔分子筛的合成

在“酸-碱对”合成高度有序TiO₂介孔分子筛的基础上, 引入具有促进质子转移作用的硝基甲烷作为晶化助剂, 增强了合成体系中无机-无机之间相互作用力. XRD, TEM, BET, UV-Vis表征表明, 成功合成了骨架为锐钛矿的高度有序TiO₂介孔分子筛. 研究发现, 适量晶化助剂是成功合成的关键.     

掺杂TiO2介孔材料的合成与表征

基于溶胶-凝胶过程, 以非表面活性剂有机小分子三乙醇胺为模板剂, 合成了TiO2及Fe3+/V5+-TiO2介孔材料. 利用XRD, TEM, BET, UV-Vis DRS等手段表征了材料的结构、形貌、比表面积、孔径分布及吸光性能. 研究结果表明, 用乙醇萃取法脱除模板剂可形成具有蠕虫状孔道结构的TiO2介孔材料, 而利用焙烧法在450 ℃脱除模板剂时可引起孔道的塌陷. 掺杂Fe3+或V5+可稳定材料的介孔结构, 适宜的掺杂摩尔分数为0.5％. 于450 ℃下焙烧后, 掺杂Fe3+/V5+的TiO2的平均孔径分别为10.5和9.6 nm, 比表面积分别达到103.59和90.80 m2/g. 相对于P25光催化剂, 掺杂Fe3+或V5+的TiO2吸光带边红移至可见光区, 说明掺杂离子在此合成过程中可有效地进入TiO2的晶格结构而引起其微观电子结构的改变.     

介孔TiO2-ZnO复合薄膜的制备与表征

以三嵌段聚合物P123为模板剂, 以钛酸异丙酯和二水乙酸锌为无机前驱体, 利用溶胶-凝胶法和旋涂法成功地制备了不同ZnO含量的介孔TiO2-ZnO复合薄膜. 在ZnO前驱体摩尔分数为0~50％范围内获得薄膜质量较高的介孔TiO2-ZnO复合薄膜. 用小角XRD、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对所得的复合薄膜进行了表征和分析. EDS和XPS等研究证明介孔薄膜为TiO2和ZnO的复合体系, 且ZnO前驱体含量的增加仍能保持TiO2-ZnO复合薄膜的均匀性. UV-Vis研究结果表明, 介孔复合薄膜的光学带隙宽度为3.45-3.58 eV, 随着ZnO含量的增加, 复合薄膜的紫外吸收蓝移.     

电泳沉积法制备介孔TiO2/单壁碳纳米管薄膜

采用电泳沉积法, 在FTO/介孔TiO2薄膜上制备了介孔TiO2/单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)薄膜电极, 用Raman和SEM等手段对薄膜电极进行了表征. 结果表明, SWCNTs已沉积到介孔TiO2薄膜上. 分别用四羧基苯基卟啉(TCPP)和联吡啶钌化合物N719对其进行敏化, 并组装成太阳能电池. 研究结果表明, 与单纯的TiO2粒子膜相比, 介孔TiO2和SWCNTs的紧密结合可使得光生电子更容易传输, 光电转换效率显著提高.     

自组装合成纳米复合TiO2-ZnO介孔材料及其光催化性能

以TiCl₄, ZnSO₄•7H₂O为原料, 尿素为沉淀剂, 利用可溶性淀粉大分子链的空间位阻效应和高分子网络的阻隔作用, 以纳米级碳黑为模板, 采用微波加热、均相沉淀法合成出了一系列纳米TiO₂-ZnO复合介孔材料. XRD分析证明反应前驱体为非晶态, 500 ℃以上转变为锐钛矿结构的TiO₂和ZnTiO₃, 当Ti∶Zn＝1(摩尔比)时, 产物全部为ZnTiO₃ (TiO₂•ZnO). TEM形貌观察结合N₂吸附表明, 基本粒子为球形, 粒径15～20 nm. 最可几孔径8～10 nm. EDS分析证明产品中Ti∶Zn的分析测定值与实际的投料值基本一致, 并且掺杂均匀性好. 光吸收及光催化实验发现Zn含量为50%时, 光催化效果最好, 在日光照射90 min后, 此TiO₂-ZnO复合材料对藏蓝染料溶液降解率可达到100%, 其光催化反应符合一级动力学方程.     

自组装合成纳米复合TiO2-ZnO介孔材料及其光催化性能

以TiCl₄, ZnSO₄•7H₂O为原料, 尿素为沉淀剂, 利用可溶性淀粉大分子链的空间位阻效应和高分子网络的阻隔作用, 以纳米级碳黑为模板, 采用微波加热、均相沉淀法合成出了一系列纳米TiO₂-ZnO复合介孔材料. XRD分析证明反应前驱体为非晶态, 500 ℃以上转变为锐钛矿结构的TiO₂和ZnTiO₃, 当Ti∶Zn＝1(摩尔比)时, 产物全部为ZnTiO₃ (TiO₂•ZnO). TEM形貌观察结合N₂吸附表明, 基本粒子为球形, 粒径15～20 nm. 最可几孔径8～10 nm. EDS分析证明产品中Ti∶Zn的分析测定值与实际的投料值基本一致, 并且掺杂均匀性好. 光吸收及光催化实验发现Zn含量为50%时, 光催化效果最好, 在日光照射90 min后, 此TiO₂-ZnO复合材料对藏蓝染料溶液降解率可达到100%, 其光催化反应符合一级动力学方程.     

混合表面活性剂模板法合成立方相介孔含钛氧化硅

自1992年Ｍｏｂｉｌ公司的Ｍ41Ｓ系列介孔氧化硅分子筛问世以来[1,2],借助表面活性剂液晶模板方法合成各种孔结构与不同大小孔径的硅基分子筛材料引起了人们的极大兴趣,目前多数工作仍然集中于六方相的介孔分子筛.具有双连续的三维交织立方排列孔道结构的ＭＣＭ48由于其孔道不易堵塞和良好的骨架结构稳定性[3,4],在催化、吸附和与其为载体的制备等方面具有独特的应用价值.但由于液晶模板形成立方相区的范围非常狭窄,相应的分子堆积比对模板剂分子几何结构要求较苛刻,采用单一表面活性剂为模板剂合成时,条件难以掌握,制备ＭＣＭ48十分困难.Ｈ…     

钛硅介孔分子筛

综述了钛硅介孔分子筛的合成、表征及其应用研究进展.评述了钛硅介孔分子筛的合成方法与合成条件对分子筛结构性能、钛物种的配位状态和催化性能的影响.介绍了鉴定钛硅介孔分子筛内骨架钛原子的多种波谱学方法以及钛硅介孔分子筛在选择氧化、光催化、酸催化反应中的应用,并指出钛硅介孔分子筛是一种非常有应用前景的环境友好的多相催化剂.     

Preparation of Mesoporous Titania by Templating with Polymer and Surfactant and its Characterization

Mesoporous titania was obtained by gelation from Ti-alkoxide in alcoholic solutions with addition of polymer and/or surfactant. The structure and surface morphology of the gels were characterized by N₂-adsorption measurements, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The specific surface area and pore volume of the gels can be increased with addition of hydrophilic polymer such as polyethyleneglycol. Surfactants like cetyltrimetylammoniumchloride are effective to control the pore size and to increase the pore volume and surface area. The surface morphology of the gels can be modified by the mixing method with polymer and/or surfactant. The effects of the templating on pore size distribution, pore shape, surface area and crystallization behaviors have been discussed.     

Mesoporous Titania Thin Film with Highly Ordered and Fully Accessible Vertical Pores and Crystalline Walls

We report the preparation of mesoporous titania thin films with the R m pore structure derived from the Im m self‐assembled ordering of the titania species and an EO₁₀₆PO₇₀EO₁₀₆ triblock copolymer. The films were spin‐cast and then aged at 18 °C at a relative humidity of 70 %, which led to the orientation of the Im m structure with the [111] direction perpendicular to the substrates. The [111] body‐diagonal channels became vertical channels upon calcination at 400 °C, thus leading to thin films with vertical channels. The pores are ordered over a large area of up to 1 μm². The titania films can be formed on various types of substrates. By using a titania film formed on a Pt‐coated Si wafer as a template, we produced by an electrochemical‐deposition technique arrays of gold nanowires, whose morphology suggests that most of the pores of the titania thin films are accessible. The pore structure of vertical channels is stable up to 600 °C, at which temperature the wall materials crystallize into anatase.     

Mesoporous Anatase TiO2 Nanorods as Thermally Robust Anode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries: Detailed Insight into the Formation Mechanism

Uniformly mesoporous and thermally robust anatase nanorods were produced with quantitative yield by a simple and efficient one‐step approach. The mechanism of this process was revealed by insertion of Eu³⁺ cations from the reaction medium as luminescent probes. The obtained structure displays an unusually high porosity, an active surface area of about 300 m²g^?1 and a specific capacity of 167 mA h g^?1 at a C/3 rate, making it attractive as an anode electrode for Li‐ion batteries. An additional attractive feature is its remarkable thermal stability; heating to 400 °C results in a decrease in the active surface area to a still relatively high value of 110 m² g^?1 with conservation of open mesoporosity. Thermal treatment at 800 °C or higher, however, causes transformation into a non‐porous rutile monolith, as commonly observed with nanoscale titania.     

Rapid Fabrication of Mesoporous Titania Films with Controlled Macroporosity to Improve Photocatalytic Property

Hierarchically porous titania films were fabricated by dual templating using a triblock copolymer such as Pluronic F127 and polystyrene (PS) beads, affording mesoporous films with controlled macroporosity. The presence of the triblock copolymer in the precursor solutions suppressed a regular accumulation of spherical PS beads, and PS‐derived macropores could be dispersed over the whole mesoporous titania film through rapid fabrication by spin‐coating. Some of the macropores were clustered, but the presence of the large spaces was important for keeping the mesostructure after calcination. Photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) was investigated by using the photoactive anatase films. The photodegradation of MB over the porous anatase films was accelerated by effective diffusion of MB molecules in the PS‐derived macropores, but it was important for improving photocatalytic performance to regulate the balance between the effectiveness of the diffusion in the macropores and the decrease of the surface area from the embedded macropores, as well as the reduction in the transparency of the porous films.     

形貌可控表面修饰纳米级tio2的合成与表征

纳米tio2;超临界co2;非水解;形貌可控;表面修饰;纳米棒     

Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Mesoporous Titania Thin Films with High Loading as a CO Oxidation Catalyst

In the present work, 2.4 nm gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are uniformly dispersed on mesoporous titania thin films which are structurally tuned by controlling the calcination temperature. The gold content of the catalyst is as high as 27.8 wt %. To our knowledge, such a high loading of Au NPs with good dispersity has not been reported until now. Furthermore, the reaction rate of the gold particles is enhanced by one order of magnitude when supported on mesoporous titania compared to non‐porous titania. This significant improvement can be explained by an increase in the diffusivity of the substrate due to the presence of mesopores, the resistance to agglomeration, and improved oxygen activation.     

Structural Study of Mesoporous Titania Prepared from Titanium Alkoxide and Carboxylic Acids

Mesoporous titania with regulated pore size as well as high specific surface area was prepared from titanium alkoxide and various carboxylic acids with different alkyl-chain length [CH₃(CH₂) _n COOH : n = 0–20]. Although the pore size and pore volume of titania changed slightly at n < 10, they increased with increasing the alkyl-chain length of carboxylic acid at n 10. Each carboxylic acid forms a complex with titanium alkoxide in an organic-inorganic precursor, while the precursor prepared by using carboxylic acid with n 10 consists of a lamella-type mesophase. The interplanar distance of the lamella structure increases with increasing the alkyl-chain length of carboxylic acid. During calcination, the lamella structure collapses together with the combustion of organic moieties and titania particles crystallized to anatase aggregate to provide pores. Although carboxylic acid does not act as a true template, the formation of the lamella-type mesophase in the precursor plays an important role in controlling the pore size of titania.