新课程背景下化学课堂教学评价体系的探索与思考

基于化学新课程背景,研讨了化学课堂教学评价的基本理念和功能,并结合教学实际对新课程背景下化学课堂教学评价体系的构建进行了探索,同时针对当前课堂教学评价实施的现状提出了几点建议。     

提高课堂教学开放性和实效性的研究

新课程的背景下,我们化学组针对课堂教学进行了研究,特别是教学的实效性和开放性的2个角度进行了有计划和有目的的研究工作。本研究从课堂教学实效性——还给学生的学习主动权、课堂教学实效性——改变学生的学习方式、课堂教学实效性——改变学生的学习方式、课堂教学实效性——提高教师自身的能力、课堂教学实效性——学生、教师共同提高促进、化学教学的开放性——我们的教学方式和采取的措施、化学教学的开放性——思维培养能力发挥等进行论证分析,取得了好的成果。     

雨课堂与传统教学模式在护理专业医用化学课程中的对比研究*

对比分析传统教学与雨课堂教学模式对文理兼收的护理专业学生医用化学期末考试成绩的影响,进而分析了应用雨课堂与考试成绩的关联性。雨课堂教学模式下的文、理科学生的成绩均有提高,文、理科学生间的成绩差距明显缩小。雨课堂的应用提高了医用化学的教学效果和质量,其部分功能对文、理科学生的期末成绩呈现出不同程度的相关性。     

回顾 激疑 提升 完善——“物质检验”一节的教学实录与反思

在新课程改革的背景下,如何遵循学生的认知规律,在学生已有知识的基础上建构高中化学知识,有效地衔接初高中化学教学,提高课堂教学的质量,真正体现“以学生的发展为本”是值得深思的问题。本文以“苏教版”《化学1》专题2第一单元“物质检验”的课堂教学实录为例,阐述在课堂教学设计中的几点反思与感悟。     

提高化学课堂教学实效性的有效途径——良好教学策略的应用

在新课程的背景下,如何更加有效地组织教学,如何提高课堂教学的实效性,如何让每一个学生在化学的课堂上学有所成,提高学生的综合素质。从指导学生有效的学习方法,自主式、探究式学习,关注、关爱每一个学生,优化课堂教学结构等方面进行了一些探讨,以形成积极教学策略来帮助学生,提高化学课堂教学质量,提高课堂教学的实效性。     

化学概念图在课堂教学中的应用

化学概念图是指用来组织与表征化学知识的结构示意图。化学概念图的制作不仅有利于教师进行课堂教学设计和课堂教学效果的评价,更有利于学生高级思维的发展与合作学习的开展。     

第二届全国化学教师教育专题学术研讨会第一轮通知

由中国教育学会化学教学专业委员会主办,北京师范大学化学学院承办的“第二届全国化学教师教育专题学术研讨会”,定于2008年10月25~28日在北京师范大学召开。现将此次会议的有关事宜通知如下:会议主题:新课程理念下的化学课堂教学设计研究。会议内容:(1)化学课堂教学设计的理论     

化学课堂教学目标探析

制定化学课堂教学目标是教师进行教学设计的重要环节.本文结合中学化学教学实际,对化学课堂教学目标的含义、分类、功能以及化学课堂教学目标的确定和陈述做了较系统的阐述和分析,明确提出制定课堂教学目标是化学教师的教学基本功之一.     

乙二酸受热分解的探究性教学

1主题与背景《普通高中化学课程标准(实验)》指出:有效的化学学习活动,不能单纯的依赖、模仿与记忆。动手实践,自主探索与合作交流是学生学习化学的重要方式。在新课程理念下,我们必须改革课堂教学,把思考还给学生,让学生成为课堂的主人。在课堂实践中尝试让学生进行探究性学习     

能源与环境系统工程专业工程化学课程的教学改革与实践

工程化学课程是本校非化学化工专业(能源与环境系统工程专业)的一门学科基础课程。该课程的目的是锻炼学生的化学思维能力,通过学习工程应用中的化学理论,提高学生运用化学知识解决实际问题的能力。本文阐述了本校工程化学课程的教学理念和授课情况,对教学内容和方法进行了深入的改革与实践,详细介绍了课程建设、课堂教学、课下反馈与评价、科研相辅、教学工作的反思与总结,进一步阐述了教学环节的教育探索与实践总结,使工程化学课程的教学质量得到了提高。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。