具有3个次级晶格结构的钛酸盐晶体[Ni(OH)1.115(H2O)0.885]1.22(Ti1.73O4)·1.65H2O的合成

以K0.81Li0.27Ti1.73O4为前驱物, 通过水热方法合成出一种新型多晶格化合物[Ni(OH)1.115(H2O)0.885]1.22(Ti1.73O4)·1.65H2O. 应用XRD, IR, TG-DTA和TEM等测试方法对该化合物进行了表征. 结果表明, 在该化合物中, TiO2层和Ni(OH)2层沿c方向交替堆积, 分别形成3个次级晶格. 其中TiO2次级晶格属于正交晶系, 其可能的空间群是Pmmm, 晶格参数a=0.3875 nm, b=0.2976 nm, c=2.288 nm和α=β=γ=90°. 另外2个Ni(OH)2次级晶格具有相同的大小和对称性, 晶格参数a=b=0.3140 nm, c=2.288 nm, α=β=90°, γ=120°. TiO2次级晶格和Ni(OH)2次级晶格在ab平面二维方向上不匹配.     

含ZnO样本集晶格匹配和热匹配的模式识别分析

利用动态聚类分析、最小生成树、主成分分析等模式识别方法,对含ZnO半导体材料的样本集中各样本之间在300 K时的晶格匹配与热匹配程度进行了分析。结果表明：在300 K时,三种Ⅲ-Ⅴ族氮化物AlN、GaN、InN与ZnO材料之间的晶格匹配和热匹配程度最好。由最小生成树以及主成分二维映射结果可知两类样本分区明显,分类效果良好,表明利用模式识别方法可对含ZnO样本集中各样本之间的晶格匹配和热匹配程度进行识别。     

无机-有机杂化层状锑硫化合物的溶剂热合成与结构

用溶剂热法合成了有机杂化层状锑硫化合物[C3H7NH3]2Sb4S7,并利用单晶X-射线衍射测定了其晶体结构。该化合物为三斜晶系,Pī空间群。晶胞参数:a=7.0098(10),b=11.9710(14),c=13.6685(17),α=115.244(6)°,β=98.671(9)°,γ=92.413(13),°V=1018.3(2)3,Z=2,Mr=831.71 g.mol-1,(=5.984 mm-1,F(000)=772,偏差因子R1=0.0334,wR2=0.0766。该化合物由质子化正丙胺离子[C3H7NH3] 和二维阴离子[Sb4S7]n2n-组成,[Sb4S7]n2n-二维离子由3个SbS3三角锥和1个SbS4变形四面体单元连接而成,[C3H7NH3] 离子位于无机阴离子层之间,形成三明治夹心式结构,[C3H7NH3] 的-NH3 基团与无机阴离子层的S原子形成N-H…S氢键作用。     

基于层状过渡金属氧族化合物原位插层结构的研究进展

利用客体插层剂原位插层到二维层状材料, 不仅能够在原子尺度上实现对材料电子结构和本征物理性质的调控, 提高材料的载流子浓度、迁移率、磁学、光学和热学等物理性质, 而且还有望拓展其在光电子器件、能源存储与转化以及光电催化等方面的应用. 近年来, 探索合适的方法制备具有不同类型和功能的二维插层新结构已逐渐成为材料科学、物理、化学等领域的研究热点. 由于独特的电子结构和优异的性能, 二维层状过渡金属氧族化合物材料作为插层主体的插层结构受到了研究人员的广泛关注. 本文选取过渡金属氧族化合物为对象, 综述了不同种类插层剂原位插层合成方法(如碱金属插层、非碱金属原子插层、聚合物插层、有机小分子插层、还原氧化石墨烯插层), 提出了通过系列方法影响层间作用力以及利用晶体各向异性等工艺来实现新型插层结构的原位合成策略, 并展望了新型插层材料在电、磁、光、热、锂电、催化等众多领域的潜在应用前景.     

具有3个次级晶格结构的钛酸盐晶体[Ni（OH）1．115（H2O）0.885]1.22（Ti1.73O4）·1．65H2O的合成

以K0.81Li0.27Ti1.73O4为前驱物,通过水热方法合成出一种新型多晶格化合物[Ni（OH）1.115（H2O）0．885]1．22·（Ti1.73O4）·1．65H2O.应用XRD,IR,TG-DTA和TEM等测试方法对该化合物进行了表征．结果表明,在该化合物中,TiO2层和Ni（OH）2层沿c方向交替堆积,分别形成3个次级晶格．其中TiO2次级晶格属于正交晶系,其可能的空间群是Pmmm,晶格参数a=0．3875nm,b=0．2976nm,c=2．288nm和α=β=γ=90°.另外2个Ni（OH）2次级晶格具有相同的大小和对称性,晶格参数a=b=0．3140nm,c=2．288nm,α=β=90°,γ=120°．TiO2次级晶格和Ni（OH）2次级晶格在ab平面二维方向上不匹配．     

稀土化合物晶格熵的估算

考虑到化合物的阳离子质量和摩尔体积对其晶格熵的影响,提出一个估算同构同阴离子稀土化合物晶格熵的公式:S_(298.15)~0=S_(ref)~0 (3/2)n_1R·lnM/M_(ref) (3/2)n_2R·lnV/V_(ref)计算结果能满意地与实验值相吻合.     

稀土化合物晶格热容的估算

根据文献报道的实验数据分析了同构同阴离子稀土化合物的阳离子质量(m)和摩尔体积(V)分别对其晶格热容(C)的贡献,根据得到的数据提出了体积-质量近似公式:Cx=(1-f).C1+f.C2+Cm.(mx-m'x).以估算稀土化合物的晶格热容.式中C1和C2分别为两个参考物质的晶格热容;f=(Vx-V1)(V2-V1);Cm为稀土化合物的阳离子质量变化lg时其摩尔(晶格)热容的变化,它与温度的关系被导出为:Cm=0.084e[-0.0074t]-0.27e[-0.065T];mx和m'x分别为待估算热容物质的阳离子质量和"假想"阳离子质量,m'x=(1-f).m1+f.m2。     

手性双官能硫族化合物催化烯烃的不对称亲电硫化反应

手性含硫化合物在药物化学和不对称合成领域中应用广泛,发展这类化合物的新合成方法是有机合成化学的重要任务.烯烃的不对称亲电硫化反应为手性含硫化合物的合成提供了一条方便的途径,通过这种方式不仅可以在烯烃母体分子上引入一个含硫基团,同时也能够引入另外一个重要的官能团.我们课题组设计、合成了一系列手性双官能硒醚/硫醚催化剂,并...     

硫掺杂镍铁层状双氢氧化物的氧析出电催化性能

氧析出反应(OER)是裂解水、二氧化碳还原、以及可充电的锌空电池等许多技术中重要的半反应,但受限于其迟缓的反应动力学,开发高效的氧析出催化剂迫在眉睫.在OER出反应中,性能较好的非贵金属催化剂主要是第四周期过渡金属的一些化合物,如氧化物、氢氧化物、硫化物、硒化物、磷化物等等.在这些材料中,镍铁双金属化合物被认为是最优的氧析出材料,尤其是镍铁层状双氢氧化物(Ni Fe-LDHs)它拥有较大的电化学活性面积以暴露较多活性位点,同时镍铁两种过渡金属元素存在协同效应,使得其具有良好的催化性能.然而,这一类材料的OER性能仍然有优化的空间.研究表明,将硫化物氧化得到的氢氧化物会有少量的硫元素残留,这种硫残留的氢氧化物拥有十分优异的OER性能.为了进一步认识硫的引入对Ni Fe-LDHs的OER行为的影响,本文通过水热法合成了硫掺杂的Ni Fe-LDHs,考察了硫的掺杂量对催化剂性能的影响,验证了微量硫的存在对Ni Fe-LDHs的OER性能的贡献.扫描电镜图片显示,水热合成的催化剂是厚度为几十纳米的薄片,拥有较高的比表面积, X射线荧光光谱分析证明合成的硫掺杂Ni Fe-LDHs中镍铁的元素比例为4:1,而且硫的掺杂量并不影响催化剂的形貌和其中镍铁元素比.X射线光电子能谱分析表明,硫原子的引入使得铁原子结合能降低,即硫与铁的相互作用部分降低了铁的价态,这种硫和铁的相互作用能够优化OER反应中间体OH*与O*在铁活性位点上的吸附自由能,降低氧析出反应的过电势.电化学测试表明,拥有0.43%的硫掺杂Ni Fe-LDHs拥有最好的氧析出性能, 10 m A cm^-1下超电势仅有257 m V, Tafel斜率61.5 m V dec^-1.此后,随着硫掺杂量的提升,其性能先保持稳定,随后有所下降.在稳定测试中,硫掺杂的镍铁层状双氢氧化物在10 m Acm-1电流密度下循环30 h后过电位仅衰减14 m V.在对稳定性测试后的催化剂进行表征表明,催化剂发生了轻微了变形,但这对性能的影响不大.综上,本文提供了一种简便的通过非金属元素掺杂调控过渡金属氧化物的结构和电子态的方法,有望为设计高活性OER电催化剂提供新思路.     

甾族化合物不对称合成的研究XV: 光学活性3-氧杂-A-失碳甾族化合物的合成

我们在寻找新的甾体口服避孕药的研究中,设计了A-失碳-3,9(10)-二烯-18-甲基甾体(1)作为全合成研究的目的物.前文已报道从5’-甲基呋喃二噻烷阴离子2b与消旋甾体CD环合成原3b的共轭加成,合成了两个新的消旋3-氧杂-A-失碳甾体4b和5b.本文报道     

Lanthanide‐Based Functional Misfit‐Layered Nanotubes

The synthesis of nanotubes from layered compounds has generated substantial scientific interest. “Misfit” layered compounds (MLCs) of the general formula [(MX)_1+x]_m[TX₂]_n, where M can include Pb, Sb, rare earths; T=Cr, Nb, and X=S, Se can form layered structures, even though each sub‐system alone is not necessarily a layered or a stable compound. A simple chemical method is used to synthesize these complex nanotubes from lanthanide‐based misfit compounds. Quaternary nanotubular structures formed by partial substitution of the lanthanide atom in nanotubes by other elements are also confirmed. The driving force and mechanism of formation of these nanotubes is investigated by systematic temperature and time‐dependent studies. A stress‐inducement mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of the nanotubes. The resulting materials may find applications in fields that include thermoelectrics, light emitters, and catalysis and address fundamental physical issues in low dimensions.     

New Halo Compounds of Si,P, As,AND Sb Bearing a Bulky Substituted Fluorenyl Group

New halo compounds of Si, P, As, and Sb, potential precursors of doubly-bonded derivatives of these elements, have been synthesized: dichloro-and difluorosilanes 2–6 bearing a methylfluorenyl group and a second substituent of various size (Me, Ph, Mes, R₂CMe); dichlorophosphines 13 and 14, fluoro- and difluoroarsines 15 and 16 and fluorostibine 17, substituted by the diphenyl (or dimesityl) phosphinofluorenyl group. Phosphine oxide and sulfide 9 and 10 also have been prepared.

     

Low‐Temperature Solution Synthesis of Few‐Layer 1T ′‐MoTe2 Nanostructures Exhibiting Lattice Compression

Molybdenum ditelluride, MoTe₂, is emerging as an important transition‐metal dichalcogenide (TMD) material because of its favorable properties relative to other TMDs. The 1T ′ polymorph of MoTe₂ is particularly interesting because it is semimetallic with bands that overlap near the Fermi level, but semiconducting 2H‐MoTe₂ is more stable and therefore more accessible synthetically. Metastable 1T ′‐MoTe₂ forms directly in solution at 300 °C as uniform colloidal nanostructures that consist of few‐layer nanosheets, which appear to exhibit an approx. 1 % lateral lattice compression relative to the bulk analogue. Density functional theory calculations suggest that small grain sizes and polycrystallinity stabilize the 1T ′ phase in the MoTe₂ nanostructures and suppress its transformation back to the more stable 2H polymorph through grain boundary pinning. Raman spectra of the 1T ′‐MoTe₂ nanostructures exhibit a laser energy dependence, which could be caused by electronic transitions.     

Misfit‐Layered Bi1.85Sr2Co1.85O7.7−δ for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Beyond van der Waals Heterostructures

Recent research on stable 2D nanomaterials has led to the discovery of new materials for energy‐conversion and energy‐storage applications. A class of layered heterostructures known as misfit‐layered chalcogenides consists of well‐defined atomic layers and has previously been applied as thermoelectric materials for use as high‐temperature thermoelectric batteries. The performance of such misfit‐layered chalcogenides in electrochemical applications, specifically the hydrogen evolution reaction, is currently unexplored. Herein, a misfit‐layered chalcogenide consisting of CoO₂ layers interleaved with an SrO–BiO–BiO–SrO rock‐salt block and having the formula Bi_1.85Sr₂Co_1.85O_7.7?δ is synthesized and examined for its structural and electrochemical properties. The hydrogen‐evolution performance of misfit‐layered Bi_1.85Sr₂Co_1.85O_7.7?δ, which has an overpotential of 589 mV and a Tafel slope of 51 mV per decade, demonstrates the promising potential of misfit‐layered chalcogenides as electrocatalysts instead of classical carbon.     

Nanotubes from misfit layered compounds

Abstract

First, the mechanisms leading to the formation of nanotubes from layered (2-D) materials are briefly discussed. Two main mechanisms are evoked: (1) The asymmetry of the layer along the c-axis, which leads to spontaneous folding, as revealed first by Pauling in 1930; (2) The seaming of the layer due to the abundance of dangling bonds in the rim atoms of the 2-D nanoclusters. This mechanism was discussed first in connection with carbon fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, some 30 years ago and was further extended to inorganic 2-D materials in 1992. In the second part of this work, the formation mechanism of nanotubes from misfit layered compounds (MLC) is deliberated. Here, the two forces are shown to work in synergy leading to facile formation of nanotubes from ternary misfit compounds. This synergy is demonstrated through the versatile chemistry, which has been employed to synthesize MLC nanotubes. Furthering in complexity, few recent examples of nanotubes from quaternary chalcogenide-based MLC are briefly discussed.     

Generalized Low‐Temperature Fabrication of Scalable Multi‐Type Two‐Dimensional Nanosheets with a Green Soft Template

Two‐dimensional nanosheets with high specific surface areas and fascinating physical and chemical properties have attracted tremendous interests because of their promising potentials in both fundamental research and practical applications. However, the problem of developing a universal strategy with a facile and cost‐effective synthesis process for multi‐type ultrathin 2 D nanostructures remains unresolved. Herein, we report a generalized low‐temperature fabrication of scalable multi‐type 2 D nanosheets including metal hydroxides (such as Ni(OH)₂, Co(OH)₂, Cd(OH)₂, and Mg(OH)₂), metal oxides (such as ZnO and Mn₃O₄), and layered mixed transition‐metal hydroxides (Ni‐Co LDH, Ni‐Fe LDH, Co‐Fe LDH, and Ni‐Co‐Fe layered ternary hydroxides) through the rational employment of a green soft‐template. The synthesized crystalline inorganic nanosheets possess confined thickness, resulting in ultrahigh surface atom ratios and chemically reactive facets. Upon evaluation as electrode materials for pseudocapacitors, the Ni‐Co LDH nanosheets exhibit a high specific capacitance of 1087 F g^?1 at a current density of 1 A g^?1, and excellent stability, with 103 % retention after 500 cycles. This strategy is facile and scalable for the production of high‐quality ultrathin crystalline inorganic nanosheets, with the possibility of extension to the preparation of other complex nanosheets.     

无机层状纳米材料与聚苯胺的复合研究

聚苯胺被认为是最有希望在实际中得到广泛应用的导电聚合物，通过与无机层状纳米材料的复合改性，其复合物在二次电池电解质、光电转换、热电、磁电、电致流变等新材料领域显示出诱人前景。本文对无机层状材料与聚苯胺的复合方法、复合物性质及其应用前景进行了评述。     

Structure of Nb/Ta layered ternary tellurides containing first row transition metal atoms

A summary of research on the structure of Nb/Ta layered tellurides in the past period is reported. 14 compounds, which have been structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction work, are presented according to their structural features. The first two compounds, Nb2CrTe4 and Nb2Cu1.48Te4, are characterized in that the ternary atoms are inserted in the different layers from the Nb atoms. While in the other compounds, both kinds of metal atoms are inserted in the same layer. The six compounds with formula M2M'2Te4(M = Nb/Ta; M' = Ni, Co, Fe) are characterized in that their structure can be described as construction by using cluster units "M2M'2Te10" as building blocks. in the two metal-rich compounds, TaCo2Te2 and TaNi2Te2, Ta atom has a distorted mono-capped pentagonal prism configuration. The structure of TaFeTe3, TaNTe3 and NbNi2.34Te3 can be described as building by the arrangement of double octahedral chains (DOC), in this con-nection, a selenide Ta2Ni2Se5 is also included by using the second type of