在受轴向周期扰动作用下双壁碳纳米管动力屈曲的研究

对双壁碳纳米管受轴向周期扰动的动力响应进行了研究．采用连续体模型研究双壁碳纳米管的动力屈曲问题,考虑了壁间van der Waals力和周围弹性介质对轴向动力屈曲的影响．给出了受轴向周期扰动的屈曲模型及临界应变和临界频率．发现双壁碳纳米管由于壁间van der Waals力的作用较单壁碳纳米管具有较低的临界应变．van der Waals力和周围弹性介质将影响双壁碳纳米管不稳定区,van der Waals力使受轴向周期性扰动的双壁碳纳米管的临界频率增大,周围弹性介质对双壁碳纳米管的临界频率影响不大．     

纤维悬浮槽流空间模式稳定性分析

采用扰动的空间发展模式而非通常的时间发展模式,对含有悬浮纤维的槽流进行了线性稳定性分析。建立了适用于纤维悬浮流的稳定性方程并针对较大范围的流动Re数及扰动波角频率进行了数值求解。计算结果表明,纤维轴向抗拉伸力与流体惯性力之比H可以反映纤维对流动稳定性的影响。H增大使临界Re数升高,对应的扰动波数减小,扰动空间衰减率增加,扰动速度幅值的峰值降低,不稳定扰动区域缩小,长波扰动所受影响相对较大。纤维的存在抑制了流场的失稳。     

球形纳米颗粒Brown凝并碰撞效率的新表达式

研究了邻苯二甲酸二辛酯纳米颗粒在Brown凝并过程中的碰撞效率．在考虑Stokes阻力、润滑力、van der Waals力和颗粒变形恢复力的情况下推导了一组碰撞方程,通过数值求解这组方程,得到了当颗粒半径从50 nm到500 nm变化时,颗粒碰撞效率和半径之间的关系,计算得到的结果和实验结果符合较好．计算结果表明,在颗粒半径为50 nm到500 nm的情况下,颗粒的碰撞效率随颗粒半径的增加而减小．基于计算结果,提出了颗粒碰撞效率的新表达式．     

Brown凝并中两个不同直径纳米颗粒的碰撞系数

对Brown凝并中两个不同直径纳米颗粒的碰撞系数进行了研究,通过求解碰撞方程,获得了在van der Waals力和弹性变形力作用下,直径为100 nm至750 nm的邻苯二甲酸二辛酯纳米颗粒的碰撞系数．发现碰撞系数总体上随着颗粒直径和2个颗粒半径比的增加而减小;当颗粒直径为550 nm时,碰撞系数有一个突然的增加．最后给出了具有不同直径2个纳米颗粒碰撞系数的新表达式．     

稀释悬浮体中小粒子的碰并率

本文研究了稀释悬浮体中刚性粒子对的形成率。体系中布朗运动效应小于粒子的强迫运动。后者或是重力相对运动,或是轴对称纯变形运动。本文提出了一个新方法,即求解对分布边界层方程法(在边界层中,van der Waals引力与强迫运动可以相比),从而第一次得到了粒子碰并率的严格的渐近解。文中还计算了两类强迫运动中的捕获系数。对于轴对称压缩性纯变形运动的均匀粒子,结果与Zeichner和Schowalter用轨迹计算法得到的,伸展性纯变形运动的捕获系数一致。     

低Reynolds数下双层液膜的空间-时间不稳定性研究

分析了黏性分层双液体薄膜在空间-时间发展扰动下不稳定的触发状况．已有的研究结果给出了在零Reynolds数极限情况下,流动在时间发展模式下不稳定的论断,而这里的空间-时间发展理论却表明,在同一极限下,液膜的流动其实是中性稳定的．该文分析了这种差异及造成差异的原因．通过对能量方程的研究还找到了一种在时间发展模式下没有发现的新不稳定机制,并将这种机制与扰动对流现象的非Galilei不变性相关联．     

单个水分子与碳纳米管的离散-连续混合模型——水分子进入碳纳米管的条件及其相互作用力、速度和能量分布

研究水分子进入碳纳米管(CNT)时的物理特性.采用连续模型连同Lennard-Jones势函数,得到单壁面碳纳米管(SWCNT)与单个水分子之间的van der Waals力.水分子选择3种方位进入纳米管,其中水分子质心位于纳米管轴线上.对不同的纳米管半径和水分子进入方位,广泛地研究了相互作用力、能量和速度的分布.用分子动力学(MD)模拟得到的结果,来验证上述得到的相互作用力和能量分布.导出水分子进入纳米管时的可吸入半径,并详细地给出了有利于水分子进入纳米管半径的界限.计算单个水分子进入纳米管的速度,为不同进入方位的水分子,给出最大的入口速度和最大的管内速度.     

混合层无粘稳定性分析的Legendre级数解

基于泛函分析中的不动点理论,采用不动点方法首次获得混合层无粘线性稳定性方程的显式Legendre级数解,该级数解在整个无界流动区域内一致有效．现有基于传统摄动法得到的无界流动区域一致有效解仅适用于长波扰动和中性扰动两种特殊情况,而使用不动点方法可以得到所有不稳定扰动波数的特征解．另外,在不动点方法框架下,扰动相速度和扰动增长率可根据方程的可解性条件来唯一确定．为了验证该方法的有效性,将该方法和现有文献中的数值计算结果相比较,对比结果表明该方法具有精度高、收敛快等优点．     

经典Lucas-Fibonacci数列的上、下界公式研究

本文在研究van der Waerden数的过程中,在把van der Waerden数的问题转化成关于线性不等式组解数问题的基础上,发现局部不等式组的解数S_p与经典Lucas- Fibonacci序列有关,同时在此基础上给出了经典Lucas-Fibonacci序列S_p的一个上、下界公式.     

Van der Waals气体Euler方程的Riemann问题及基本波的相互作用

研究了修正的等熵Van der Waals气体动力学Euler方程Riemann问题及其基本波的相互作用.利用Maxwell提出的等面积法则,将Van der Waals气体状态方程修正为与实际相符,从而守恒律方程组从混合型转化为双曲型.利用广义特征线分析法,构造性地得到了Riemann问题的解是存在的.进一步,得到了基本波相互作用.     

Modeling of van der Waals force with smoothed particle hydrodynamics: Application to the rupture of thin liquid films

The rupture of thin liquid films driven by the van der Waals force is of significance in many engineering processes, and most previous studies have relied on the lubrication approximation. In this paper, we develop a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) representation for the van der Waals force and simulate the rupture of thin liquid films without resort to lubrication theory. The van der Waals force in SPH is only imposed on one layer, i.e., the outermost layer of fluid particles, where a weighting function is deployed to evaluate the contributions of particles on or near the interface. However, to obtain an accurate hydrostatic pressure in reaction to the van der Waals force, a smaller smoothing length is used for the calculation of the weighting function than that used for SPH discretizations of the bulk fluid. The same surface particles are also used to model the surface tension. To deal with the rupture of a thin liquid film with a very small aspect ratio ε (ε = thickness/length), a coordinate transformation is introduced to shrink the length of the liquid film to achieve accurate numerical resolution with a manageable number of particles. As verifications of our physical model and numerical algorithm, we simulate the hydrostatic pressure in a stationary film and the relaxation of an initially square droplet and compare the SPH results with the analytical solutions. The method is then applied to simulate the rupture of thin liquid films with moderate and small aspect ratios (ε = 0.5 and 0.005). The convergence of the method is verified by refining particle spacing to four different levels. The effect of the capillary number on the rupture process is analyzed.     

Buckling and stability analysis of a piezoelectric viscoelastic nanobeam subjected to van der Waals forces

A study on the buckling and dynamic stability of a piezoelectric viscoelastic nanobeam subjected to van der Waals forces is performed in this research. The static and dynamic governing equations of the nanobeam are established with Galerkin method and under Euler–Bernoulli hypothesis. The buckling, post-buckling and nonlinear dynamic stability character of the nanobeam is presented. The quasi-elastic method, Leibnitz’s rule, Runge–Kutta method and the incremental harmonic balanced method are employed for obtaining the buckling voltage, post-buckling characteristics and the boundaries of the principal instability region of the dynamic system. Effects of the electrostatic load, van der Waals force, creep quantity, inner damping, geometric nonlinearity and other factors on the post-buckling and the principal region of instability are investigated.     

Nonlinear vibration analysis of double-walled carbon nanotubes based on nonlocal elasticity theory

The nonlinear free vibration of double-walled carbon nanotubes based on the nonlocal elasticity theory is studied in this paper. The nonlinear equations of motion of the double-walled carbon nanotubes are derived by using Euler beam theory and Hamilton principle, with considering the von Kármán type geometric nonlinearity and the nonlinear van der Waals forces. The surrounding elastic medium is formulated as the Winkler model. The harmonic balance method and Davidon–Fletcher–Powell method are utilized for the analysis and simulation of the nonlinear vibration. The simulation results show that the nonlocal parameter, aspect ratio and surrounding elastic medium play more important roles in the nonlinear noncoaxial vibration than those in the coaxial vibration of the double-walled carbon nanotubes. The noncoaxial vibration amplitudes of only considering nonlinear van der Waals forces are larger than those of considering both geometric nonlinearity and nonlinear van der Waals forces.     

Limit Cycle-Strange Attractor Competition

To understand the competition between what are known as limit cycle and strange attractor dynamics, the classical oscillators that display such features were coupled and studied with and without external forcing. Numerical simulations show that, when the Duffing equation (the strange attractor prototype) forces the van der Pol oscillator (the limit cycle prototype), the limit cycle is destroyed. However, when the van der Pol oscillator is coupled to the Duffing equation as linear forcing, the two traditionally stable steady states are destabilized and a quasi-periodic orbit is born. In turn, this limit cycle is eventually destroyed because the coupling strength is increased and eventually gives way to strange attractor or chaotic dynamics. When two van der Pol oscillators are coupled in the absence of external periodic forcing, the system approaches a stable, nonzero steady state when the coupling strengths are both unity; trajectories approach a limit cycle if coupling strengths are equal and less than 1. Solutions grow unbounded if the coupling strengths are equal and greater than 1. Quasi-periodic solutions give way to chaos as the coupling strength increases and one oscillator is strongly coupled to the other. Finally, increasing the nonlinearity in both the oscillators is stabilizing whereas increasing the nonlinearity in a single oscillator results in subcritical instability.     

Singular limit of an energy minimizer arising from dewetting thin film model with van der Waal, born repulsion and surface tension forces

In this paper, we consider a singular elliptic equation modeling steady states of a dewetting thin film model with both van der Waals and Born repulsion force. We show that as the Born repulsion force tends to zero, the energy minimizers, passing to a subsequence if necessary, converge to a Dirac mass located on the boundary. We also identify the blow up profile of the energy minimizers.     

Long‐Range Behavior of the van der Waals Force

We prove van der Waals–London's law of decay of the van der Waals force for a collection of neutral atoms at large separation.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Rigorous van der Waals effect on vibration characteristics of multi-walled carbon nanotubes under a transverse magnetic field

An analytical method is presented to investigate rigorous van der Waals interaction effect on vibration characteristics of multi-walled carbon nanotubes embedded in matrix under a transverse magnetic field. Each of the concentric tubes of multiwall carbon nanotubes is considered as an individual elastic shell and coupled with any two walls through a rigorous van der Waals interaction being dependent on the change of interlayer spacing and the radii of tubes. Results show that the rigorous van der Waals interaction effect makes the lowest magneto-vibration frequency of multi-walled carbon nanotubes decrease and the highest magneto-vibration frequency increase. The effect of rigorous van der Waals interaction on magneto-elastic vibrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes is dependent on the transverse magnetic strength and the matrix constrained stiffness.     

Response of multiwall carbon nanotubes to impact loading

Dynamic behaviors of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with finite length are investigated using an analytical method. Multiple elastic shells and linearized model of van der Waals forces are used for development a comprehensive continuum dynamic model of MWCNTs. By applying Laplace transform, analytical solution for thin and thick MWCNTs under dynamic loading are obtained. Dynamic responses of 3-, 9-, and 11-layer MWCNTs under external pressure shock are examined and accuracy of results are verified by comparison the results with those obtained by numerical methods. Both displacement and stress analysis are performed for layers of MWCNTs and frequencies of oscillations are obtained. Also, effects of axial wave created by external pressure shock are studied in MWCNTs with two-dimensional analyses. Dynamic responses of MWCNTs with initial axial displacement are also proposed and the propagation of the axial wave through the length of tubes is illustrated. Furthermore, wave propagation velocity is found by analysis of time history diagram.