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提出一种实现简并光学参量振荡器混沌反控制的方法,用正弦信号调制简并光学参量振荡器的基模衰减率,使简并光学参量振荡器从定态输出转化为混沌态.数值模拟结果表明,选择不同的调制幅度和调制角频率,只要满足系统的最大李雅谱诺夫指数大于零,即可实现不同的混沌轨道重构.通过比较最大李雅谱诺夫指数λmax随调制幅度和调制角频率变化曲线, 指出系统从周期态调制到混沌态比从无亚谐波输出的定态调制到混沌态更容易,有更宽的调制幅度和调制角频率选择范围.
关键词:
简并光学参量振荡器
混沌反控制
调制 相似文献
3.
We repot simultaneous optical parametric amplifiers (OPA) and amplitude modulation of signal pulse in a monolithic periodically poled KTP (PPKTP) by electrically controlling the relative phase between the pump, signal and idler waves in a KTP dispersion section sandwiched between two PPKTP gratings, theoretically. The controlling electric field can be arbitrary direction. For an ultrashort pulse group velocity mismatch, group dispersion and diffraction must be regarded, simultaneously. The solutions of the truncated equations, including the above effects in the two PPKTP gratings of simultaneous frequency tuning and amplitude modulation OPA, were analyzed. It is shown that the intensity of output signal pulse of OPA depends on the thickness of the dispersion section, the magnitude and azimuth of controlling electric field and one evidences periodicity. For the certain angular dispersion there exist the largest frequency bandwidths of optical parametric amplifiers. Certain angular dispersion of a signal pulse can increase the frequency bandwidth, and broadband amplification of ultrashort pulse can be performed effectively. 相似文献
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V. N. Telepnev 《Acoustical Physics》2004,50(3):350-358
A binaural unmasking of a tone component that is present in an amplitude-time noise envelope of a high-frequency signal is studied. The signal has the form of a sinusoidal carrier of frequency 2000–5000 Hz amplitude modulated by a low-frequency signal. The modulating function is a mixture of a 300-Hz tone (interaurally inphase or antiphase) and a dichotic masking noise within 0–400 Hz, this mixture being subjected to a half-wave linear rectification. The listener has to detect the rhythmic component in the modulating noise function. It is shown that, under the aforementioned conditions, the binaural difference in masking levels grows up to 25 dB with increasing carrier frequency but drastically decreases in the case of a masking of the low-frequency part of the basilar membrane in the vicinity of 300 Hz. The lateralization based on the interaural phase of a 100% amplitude modulation by a 300-Hz tone at a carrier frequency within 2000 to 5000 Hz also drastically decreases (in our experiments) when the low-frequency part of the basilar membrane is masked. 相似文献
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Modulation Frequency Multiplexed Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy System for Simultaneous CO, CO2 Measurements 下载免费PDF全文
A modulation frequency multiplexed dual diode-laser system is developed for simultaneous detection of the two most common fire gas products CO and CO2. Simultaneous detection is achieved by modulating each laser at different frequencies, demodulating the signal by a pair of lock-in amplifiers for each gas. Laser beams are combined and detected by one detector after passing through an identical optical path. The experimental results show little performance degradation associated with modulation frequency multiplexing, and no cross-talk between the two multiplexed detection channels is measured. 相似文献
6.
基于插入损耗的光纤信号调制器 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于光纤连接的横向偏移造成的插入损耗研制了一种的新型的光纤信号光调制器。调节对接光纤的横向偏移,可以调节对接光纤间的光耦合效率,利用调制信号调制横向偏移可实现对光纤传输光信号的调制。实验中,将调制电信号放大并加载于压电陶瓷使其振荡,由此控制对接光纤的横向偏移与调制信号同步变化,实现了对下一级光纤输出端光强的调制。这种光纤信号调制器主要针对光的振幅调制,实验中获得调制度优于95%,信噪比约为20dB,带宽约为200kHz。具有价格低廉、调制度高的特点,可应用于光纤传输信号的调制及信号斩波等。 相似文献
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Factors affecting thresholds for sinusoidal signals in narrow-band maskers with fluctuating envelopes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
When a signal is higher in frequency than a narrow-band masker, thresholds are lower when the masker envelope fluctuates than when it is constant. This article investigates the cues used to achieve the lower thresholds, and the factors that influence the amount of threshold reduction. In experiment I the masker was either a sinusoid (constant envelope) or a pair of equal-amplitude sinusoids (fluctuating envelope) centered at the same frequency as the single sinusoid (250, 1000, 3000, or 5275 Hz). The signal frequency was 1.8 times the masker frequency. At all center frequencies, thresholds were lower for the two-tone masker than for the sinusoidal masker, but the effect was smaller at the highest and lowest frequencies. The reduced effect at high frequencies is attributed to the loss of a cue related to phase locking in the auditory nerve. The reduced effect at low frequencies can be partly explained by reduced slopes of the growth-of-masking functions. In experiment II the masker was a sinusoid amplitude modulated at an 8-Hz rate. Masker and signal frequencies were the same as for the first experiment. Randomizing the modulation depth between the two halves of a forced-choice trial had no effect on thresholds, indicating that changes in modulation depth are not used as a cue for signal detection. Thresholds in the modulated masker were higher than would be predicted if they were determined only by the masker level at minima in the envelope, and the threshold reduction produced by modulating the master envelope was less at 250 Hz than at higher frequencies. Experiments III and IV reveal two factors that contribute to the reduced release from masking at low frequencies: The rate of increase of masked threshold with decreasing duration is greater at 250 Hz than at 1000 Hz; the amount of forward masking, relative to simultaneous masking, is greater at 250 Hz than at 1000 Hz. The results are discussed in terms of the relative importance of across-channel cues and within-channel cues. 相似文献
8.
Simultaneous photoacoustic detection of multiple compounds based on orthogonal functions stimulation
T. Starecki 《The European physical journal. Special topics》2008,153(1):435-437
The paper presents a concept of photoacoustic
measurements based on use of two different light wavelengths which
intensities are modulated with sine waves of the same frequency but with
phase difference of 90 degrees. Resultant photoacoustic signal is of the
same frequency, but its amplitude and phase depends on the absorption at
both wavelengths. Taking into consideration that sine and cosine are
orthogonal functions, and having measured amplitude of the photoacoustic
signal and its phase referred to the phase of the stimulating light
modulation, it is possible to retrieve both components corresponding to sine
and cosine modulation. As a result, the method can be applied to
simultaneous detection of two compounds. An important advantage of the
method is that it can be comfortably used with high Q-factor cells. 相似文献
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This article is concerned with the detection of mixed modulation (MM), i.e., simultaneously occurring amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM). In experiment 1, an adaptive two-alternative forced-choice task was used to determine thresholds for detecting AM alone. Then, thresholds for detecting FM were determined for stimuli which had a fixed amount of AM in the signal interval only. The amount of AM was always less than the threshold for detecting AM alone. The FM thresholds depended significantly on the magnitude of the coexisting AM. For low modulation rates (4, 16, and 64 Hz), the FM thresholds did not depend significantly on the relative phase of modulation for the FM and AM. For a high modulation rate (256 Hz) strong effects of modulator phase were observed. These phase effects are as predicted by the model proposed by Hartmann and Hnath [Acustica 50, 297-312 (1982)], which assumes that detection of modulation at modulation frequencies higher than the critical modulation frequency is based on detection of the lower sideband in the modulated signal's spectrum. In the second experiment, psychometric functions were measured for the detection of AM alone and FM alone, using modulation rates of 4 and 16 Hz. Results showed that, for each type of modulation, d' is approximately a linear function of the square of the modulation index. Application of this finding to the results of experiment 1 suggested that, at low modulation rates, FM and AM are not detected by completely independent mechanisms. In the third experiment, psychometric functions were again measured for the detection of AM alone and FM alone, using a 10-Hz modulation rate. Detectability was then measured for combined AM and FM, with modulation depths selected so that each type of modulation would be equally detectable if presented alone. Significant effects of relative modulator phase were found when detectability was relatively high. These effects were not correctly predicted by either a single-band excitation-pattern model or a multiple-band excitation-pattern model. However, the detectability of the combined AM and FM was better than would be predicted if the two types of modulation were coded completely independently. 相似文献
11.
We investigate the spectral response of a Brillouin amplifier in the frequency regime within the stimulated-Brillouin-scattering (SBS) bandwidth. This is done by amplitude modulating the pump with a low frequency; therefore, unlike in previous studies, the spectrum of the modulated pump is, in all cases, smaller than the SBS bandwidth. We show both theoretically and experimentally that, unlike phase modulation, amplitude modulation increases the Brillouin amplifier gain and that this effect has a very narrow bandwidth. Only modulation frequencies that are lower than a certain cutoff frequency increase the gain. This cutoff frequency can be arbitrarily small. 相似文献
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Dapeng Wang Kun Xu Jian Dai Zhongle Wu Lin Gui Jintong Lin Yuefeng Ji 《Optics Communications》2012,285(20):4055-4058
A novel photonic scheme of microwave signal frequency measurement with adjustable measurement range and resolution is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed scheme is based on simultaneous optical phase modulation and intensity modulation with interferometric detection. A low-pass frequency response is achieved by a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) while a bandpass frequency response is produced by a polarizer placed on the back instead of in front of the MZI. The microwave frequency can be estimated by the measured amplitude comparison function (ACF) obtained from the ratio of the two frequency responses. This scheme is simple, cost-effective as it requires no extra laser sources or modulators in the basic analog modulation link. The measurement errors as shown in experimental results can be kept in 0.1 GHz over a frequency range of 0.1–8.5 GHz. 相似文献
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This paper observes the parametric excitation on atom chip by measuring the trap loss when applying a parametric modulation. By modulating the current in chip wires, it modulates not only the trap frequency but also the trap position. It shows that the strongest resonance occurs when the modulation frequency equals to the trap frequency. The resonance amplitude increases exponentially with modulation depth. Because the Z-trap is an anharmonic trap, there exists energy selective excitation which would cause parametric cooling. We confirm this effect by observing the temperature of atom cloud dropping. 相似文献
14.
Thermoreflectance and photodeflection combined for microscopic characterization of metallic surfaces
A non-contact technique is presented that provides information on thermal diffusivity at the cubic micron scale in metal surfaces.
It relies on the simultaneous fit of the frequency dependence of two mechanisms that appear when heating the surface of the
sample with a modulated laser beam, the thermoreflectance (change in reflectivity with temperature) and photodeflection (the
deflection of the beam due to the surface deformation). A complete analytical model is presented that takes both mechanisms
into account, showing that the relative importance of both mechanisms depends strongly on the material under test and varies
in several orders of magnitude between different metallic alloys. By filtering the reflected signal with an adjustable knife
edge, the photodeflection signal can be enhanced. It is also shown how the signal arising from each mechanism depends strongly
on the relative position of the pump and probe beams. A characteristic modulating frequency appears at which a drop in the
signal with frequency is observed that is coincident for both mechanisms. From the determination of the characteristic frequency,
the local heat diffusivity can be determined as it is shown for the case of an AISI304 stainless steel sample.
PACS 78.20.Nv; 65.40.-b; 72.15.Eb 相似文献
15.
The optical method of extraction of difference between transparencies using periodic carrier modulation was first proposed and successfully demonstrated by Pennington. His method was based on the modulation of each of the image transparencies by the same grating with the difference that one modulating carrier was shifted by half-period with respect to the other. In order to ensure extraction of difference signal from unwanted sum signal, the modulating carrier frequency must be too low. This poses a serious problem because shifting a high frequency grating exactly by a half-period is not an easy task. In order to surmount this difficulty Belvaux and Lowenthal proposed that instead of using a grating, the images transparencies can be modulated by fringes obtained in a Wollaston prism. It is well-known that these fringes can be shifted by a half-period by rotating an analyzer at the output side by 90°. The optical methods of subtraction of images suffer from the disadvantage that the photographic record has to be developed and fixed by wet processes. The processed record is then Fourier transformed and suitably filtered to extract the difference signal. In the present paper we have carried out extraction of difference of two images using the principle of periodic carrier modulation by carrying out spatial frequency filtering of the total irradiance distribution numerically. Some of the results of subtraction are presented. 相似文献
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These experiments were intended to determine whether comodulation masking release (CMR) occurs for maskers that are modulated in frequency rather than in amplitude. In experiment I, thresholds for a sinusoidal signal were measured in the presence of two continuous sinusoidal maskers: one was centered at the signal frequency (1.0 kHz), and the other was positioned at flanking frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 kHz. The two maskers were frequency modulated (FM) by the same low-pass-noise modulator (correlated condition) or by independent noise modulators (uncorrelated condition). Thresholds were the same for the correlated and uncorrelated maskers, i.e., no CMR occurred. This was also true when the flanking band was presented in the ear opposite to that containing the signal and the on-frequency masking band. In experiment II, 25-Hz-wide noise maskers were used. The on-frequency band was sinusoidally frequency modulated, while the off-frequency band either had the same FM or no FM. Thresholds were similar for the two conditions, again indicating that no CMR occurred. The results suggest that, unlike amplitude modulation, correlated FM of the masker in different frequency bands does not give rise to a release from masking. 相似文献
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Two methods for recovery of gas absorption line profiles are presented in this paper using photoacoustic spectroscopy and tunable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLS) with wavelength modulation (WM). A theoretical analysis based on Fourier coefficients is given in order to describe the various components that arise under simultaneous intensity and frequency modulation. The first method makes use of the residual amplitude modulation (RAM) signal which is always present in current modulation of distributed feedback (DFB) tunable diode lasers. The second method involves integration of a near-pure first harmonic derivative signal, separated from other distorting components by appropriate choice of the lock-in detection phase in the case of low modulation index. Good agreement is obtained with both methods between the experimental results and the theoretical simulation for the P17 absorption line of acetylene at 1535.39 nm but the second method gives a much improved accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio in lineshape recovery with photoacoustic spectroscopy. 相似文献
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N. G. Bibikov 《Acoustical Physics》2014,60(5):597-607
The responses of single neurons of the cochlear nucleus of a grass frog to long tonal signals amplitude-modulated by repeat intervals of low-frequency noise have been studied. The carrier frequency always corresponded to the characteristic frequency of the studied cell (a range of 0.2 kHz–2 kHz); the modulated signal was noise in the ranges 0–15 Hz, 0–50 Hz, or 0–150 Hz. We obtained the correlation functions of the cyclic histogram reflecting the change in probability of a neuron pulse discharge (spike) during the modulation period with the shape of the signal envelope in the same period. The form of the obtained correlation functions usually does not change qualitatively with a change in carrier level or modulation depth; however, this could essentially depend of the frequency component of the modulating function. In the majority of cases, comparison of the cyclic histogram of the reaction with only the current amplitude value does not adequately reveal the signal’s time features that determine the reaction of a neuron. The response is also determined by the other sound features, primarily by the rate of the change in amplitude. The studied neurons differed among themselves, both in preference toward a certain range of modulated frequencies and in the features of the envelope that caused the cell’s response. 相似文献
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Determine the physical mechanism and source region of beat wave modulation by changing the frequency of high-frequency waves 下载免费PDF全文
This paper introduces a new approach for the determination of the source region of beat wave(BW)modulation.This type of modulation is achieved by transmitting high-frequency(HF)continuous waves with a frequency difference f,where f is the frequency of modulated ELF/VLF(extremely low frequency/very low frequency)waves from two sub-arrays of a high power HF transmitter.Despite the advantages of BW modulation in terms of generating more stable ELF/VLF signal and high modulation efficiency,there exists a controversy on the physical mechanism of BW and its source region.In this paper,the two controversial theories,i.e.,BW based on D-E region thermal nonlinearity and BW based on F region ponderomotive nonlinearity are examined for cases where each of these two theories exists exclusively or both of them exist simultaneously.According to the analysis and simulation results presented in this paper,it is found that the generated VLF signal amplitude exhibits significant variation as a function of HF frequency in different source regions.Therefore,this characteristic can be utilized as a potential new approach to determine the physical mechanism and source location of BW. 相似文献
20.
Detectability of a tonal signal added to a tonal masker increases with increasing duration ("temporal integration"), up to some maximum duration. Initially assumed to be some form of energy integration over time, this phenomenon is now often described as the result of a statistical "multiple looks" process. For continuous maskers, listeners may also use a mechanism sensitive to changes in stimulus intensity, possibly a result of inherent sensitivity to amplitude modulation (AM). In order to examine this hypothesis, change detection was investigated in the presence of AM maskers presented at either the same carrier frequency as the target signal or at a distant frequency. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that listeners detect intensity increments by using change-detection mechanisms (modeled here as the outputs of a bank of modulation filters) sensitive to envelope modulation at both low (4-16 Hz) and high (around 100 Hz) rates. AM masking occurred even when the masker was at a carrier frequency more than two octaves above that of the signal to be detected. This finding is also compatible with the hypothesis that similar mechanisms underlie sensitivity to AM (where across-frequency masking is commonly shown) and detection of intensity increments. 相似文献