利用离子交换技术制备跑道形波导谐振腔滤波器的研究

采用AgNO3和KNO3混和熔盐作为离子交换源,在K9玻璃上制备了跑道形波导谐振腔滤波器。利用ASE宽带光源和光谱仪对器件特性进行了测试,得到的该滤波器自由光谱范围为0.176nm。对比对Cr=4dB和3dB带宽δλ=0.13nm来说,耦合系数和传输损耗分别为к=0.9和α=3.2dB/cm。测试了环形腔的热光调相特性,在16℃的变化范围内实现了2π的相移。通过分析,波导材料的热光系数约为1.49×10-5/℃。该滤波器不仅可用于滤波、传感等领域,而且也可与其它波导结构相结合实现新的功能。     

Modeling of graded index waveguide fabricated by ion exchange on Er3+ doped glass

A general numerical tool,based on thermal diffusion equation and full-vectorial eigen-mode equation,has been presented for the systematic analysis of graded index channel waveguide fabricated by ion exchange on Er3+ doped glass.Finite difference method with full-vectorial formulation(FV-FDM) is applied to solving the full-vectorial modes of graded index channel waveguide for the first time.The coupled difference equations based on magnetic fields in FV-FDM are derived from the Taylor series expansion and accurate formulation of boundary conditions.Hybrid nature of vectorial guided modes for both pump(980 nm) and signal light(1550 nm) are demonstrated by the simulation.Results show that the fabrication parameters of ion exchange,such as channel opening width and time ratio of second step to first step in ion exchange,have large influence on the properties of waveguide.By optimizing the fabrication parameters,maintenance of monomode for signal light and improvement of the gain dynamics can be achieved in Er3+ doped waveguide amplifier(EDWA) fabricated by ion exchange technique.This theoretical model is significant for the design and fabrication of EDWA with ion exchange technique.Furthermore,a single polarization EDWA,which operates at wavelength from 1528 nm to 1541 nm for HE polarization,is numerically designed.     

Polarization-dependent coupling in a 1x4 waveguide array in lithium niobate fabricated by femtosecond pulses

We demonstrate a 1×4 waveguide array produced by an IR femtosecond laser in z-cut lithium niobate (LiNbO₃). The polarization dependence of light coupling in this waveguide structure is experimentally investigated. The coupling constants of the waveguide array are obtained by measuring the ratio of output power of each waveguide for extraordinary rays and ordinary rays, and the variation of coupled power in each waveguide as a function of the waveguide length are demonstrated. PACS 42.65.Re; 77.84.Dy; 42.82.Et     

Er-Yb co-doped glass waveguide amplifiers using ion exchange and field-assisted annealing

Er³⁺-Yb³⁺ co-doped waveguide amplifiers fabricated using thermal two-step ion-exchange are demonstrated. K⁺-Na⁺ ion-exchange process was first carried out in pure KNO₃ molten bath, and then field-assisted annealing (FAA) was used to make the buried waveguides. The effective buried depth is estimated to be ∼3.4 μm for the buried FAA waveguides. With the use of cut-back method, the fiber-to-guide coupling loss of ∼4.38 dB, the waveguide loss of ∼2.27 dB/cm, and Er³⁺ absorption loss ∼5.7 dB were measured for a ∼1.24-cm-long waveguide. Peak relative gain of ∼7.0 dB is obtained for a ∼1.24-cm-long waveguide. The potential for the fabrication of compact optical amplifiers operating in the range of 1520-1580 nm is also demonstrated.     

Ti:sapphire rib channel waveguide fabricated by reactive ion etching of a planar waveguide

We report, to our knowledge, the first active channel waveguide in Ti:sapphire. We have created ∼1.4-μm high ribs in a ∼10-μm thick Ti:sapphire planar waveguide by reactive ion etching. Following excitation by an Ar-ion laser, the rib structure showed channel-waveguide fluorescence emission. The mode profiles and the beam-parameter values (M²) were measured. The coupling efficiency of fluorescence emission into a single-mode fiber was an order of magnitude higher than for fluorescence from unstructured planar regions of the waveguide. Such devices are of interest as low-threshold tunable lasers and as broadband light sources in low-coherence interferometry. Received: 22 December 2002 / Revised version: 30 March 2002 / Published online: 8 August 2002     

光刻及离子束蚀刻技术制作DNA芯片模版

采用光刻及离子束蚀刻技术制作面阵石英DNA芯片模版,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和表面轮廓仪测试了所制石英DNA芯片模版的表面微结构形貌特征,分析了所制石英DNA芯片模版出现图形畸变的原因。所用工艺为在其它衬底材料表面制作更大规模及具有复杂结构的大面阵DNA芯片模版奠定了基础。     

光刻及离子束蚀刻技术制作DNA芯片模版

 采用光刻及离子束蚀刻技术制作面阵石英DNA芯片模版，利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和表面轮廓仪测试了所制石英DNA芯片模版的表面微结构形貌特征，分析了所制石英DNA芯片模版出现图形畸变的原因。所用工艺为在其它衬底材料表面制作更大规模及具有复杂结构的大面阵DNA芯片模版奠定了基础。     

Sound reflection by a resonator array in a multimode cylindrical waveguide

The paper considers the problem of scattering of the mth symmetric mode by an array of Q rings of identical, closely located Helmholtz resonators joined by necks to the walls of a wide circular pipe. The distance between rings is equal to half the wavelength of this mode at frequency ??, equal or close to the eigen-frequency of the resonator ring with allowance for the connected mass and interaction of neighboring rings via inhomogeneous modes. The coefficient of reflection of the mth mode from this grating array is calculated.     

Three-dimensionally modulated graded-index diffractive elements by thermal ion exchange in glass

Thermal ion exchange was introduced recently [Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 917 (1995)] as a method to generate graded refractive-index distributions that permit continuous one-dimensional phase modulation in diffractive optics. We apply enhanced diffusion-modeling techniques and a novel three-step optimization procedure to design, for the first time to our knowledge, efficient three-dimensional graded-index profiles with two-dimensional phase-modulation capability. A discrete, nonseparable inversion-symmetric signal pattern is demonstrated experimentally in which the uniformity error in the intensities of the seven signal spots is less than 5%.     

Efficiency of excitation of a quasioptical open resonator by a waveguide

We study theoretically and experimentally the efficiency of excitation of an open resonator by a waveguide. A two-dimensional model of a quasioptical two-mirror open resonator, which is excited through a coupling element in the form of an open end of a plane-parallel waveguide, is proposed. The field of the open resonator is represented as the superposition of Gaussian wave beams and its scattering on the coupling element is described by solving the problem of diffraction of waveguide waves and Gaussian wave beams on an open end of a flanged waveguide. Properties of the mirrors and the resonator loss are specified from physical considerations. The calculation results are compared with the experimental data, and a physical interpretation of the obtained results is offered. The factors which influence the efficiency of excitation of an open resonator are identified. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 231–249, March 2009.     

Polarization-dependent carrier dynamics in a passive InAs/InP quantum dot waveguide

We investigate carrier dynamics in a passive InAs/InP quantum dot (QD) waveguide using 255 fs optical pulses at a central wavelength of 1568 nm. We observe strong anisotropy of absorption saturation for different polarizations. Pump-probe measurements indicate the presence of carrier relaxation dynamics on a timescale in the order of tens of picoseconds due to cascaded relaxation of carriers generated by two-photon absorption (TPA) from the bulk region to the QDs via the wetting layer. These relaxation timescales are much longer than in QD amplifiers. Our observations are supported by a rate-equation model which includes TPA, showing good agreement with the pump-probe measurements.     

Excitation of an open stripline resonator by a plane waveguide

A rigorous solution of the problem of the excitation of an open stripline resonator by a plane waveguide is obtained on the basis of an approach developed by the authors. The mechanism of the excitation of an open oscillatory system in a reflection configuration is investigated from the viewpoint of electrodynamics for various coupling regimes between the waveguide and the resonator.Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 300–314, March, 1994.     

Biaxial behaviour of an optical waveguide fabricated by ion implantation in a uniaxial BaTiO3 substrate

Biaxial behaviour has been observed in a waveguide fabricated by the technique of ion-beam implantation (H⁺ ions: 1 MeV at a rather high dose of 6 × 10¹⁶ ions/cm²) in a uniaxial BaTiO₃ single crystal. For the first time to our knowledge this phenomenon has been connected to the elasto-optic properties of the material. The index profile reconstructions both for TE and TM modes are led with two methods and we compare the results. The computation technique to connect the latter with the elasto-optic properties is presented. Then the calculations are successfully compared with the measured values.     

1.06μm连续激光照射下K9玻璃板的应力松驰破坏

 基于一维应力松弛模型和粘弹性本构关系,对1.06μm连续激光照射下K9玻璃板中的温升和应力作了计算,结果表明,由于应力松弛效应,激光停照后的冷却过程中产生的残余拉伸应力可达到玻璃的拉伸断裂强度阈值,而激光加热期间的最大压缩应力却小于压缩断裂强度要求。对3mm厚的K9玻璃板,由应力松弛引起破坏所要求的激光参数为946kWm^-2作用0.2s,因而应力松弛可能为1.06 μm连续激光大光斑照射下K9玻璃窗口损伤的主要模式。     

Single-pass waveguide amplifiers in Er-Yb doped zinc polyphosphate glass fabricated with femtosecond laser pulses

We have investigated the direct fabrication of subsurface waveguide amplifiers in Er-Yb zinc polyphosphate glass by utilizing the relationship between the initial glass composition and the resulting changes to the network structure after modification by fs laser pulses. Waveguides, exhibiting internal gain of 1 dB/cm at 1.53 μm when pumped with 500 mW at 976 nm, were directly fabricated using a regenerative amplified Ti:sapphire 1 kHz, 180 fs laser system. Optical properties as well as insertion losses and internal gain are reported.     

HF酸腐蚀提高K9基板损伤阈值

针对K9玻璃基板的HF酸化学腐蚀工艺开展研究,标定了40%和2%高低两种体积分数的HF酸的腐蚀速率;分析了基板表面形貌随腐蚀深度的变化规律;研究了腐蚀时间、HF酸体积分数、超声波工艺对激光损伤阈值的影响,提出了能够有效减少损伤敏感的氟硅盐沉淀、提高损伤阈值的优化腐蚀清洗工艺流程。采用优化的腐蚀清洗工艺流程进行了实验验证,结果表明用体积分数为2%的HF酸在高温和超声波条件下腐蚀90s后,测得1064nm波长激光作用下K9基板抗激光损伤阈值提高了75%。     

HF酸腐蚀提高K9基板损伤阈值

针对K9玻璃基板的HF酸化学腐蚀工艺开展研究,标定了40%和2%高低两种体积分数的HF酸的腐蚀速率;分析了基板表面形貌随腐蚀深度的变化规律;研究了腐蚀时间、HF酸体积分数、超声波工艺对激光损伤阈值的影响,提出了能够有效减少损伤敏感的氟硅盐沉淀、提高损伤阈值的优化腐蚀清洗工艺流程。采用优化的腐蚀清洗工艺流程进行了实验验证,结果表明用体积分数为2%的HF酸在高温和超声波条件下腐蚀90 s后,测得1064 nm波长激光作用下K9基板抗激光损伤阈值提高了75%。