3种人工结香方法所得沉香挥发性成分的SPME/GC-MS分析

采用固相微萃取(SPME)富集生物、化学及物理(火钻)法所得沉香的挥发性成分,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分离鉴别,然后对这3种人工结香方法进行评价。研究发现沉香的挥发性成分主要由倍半萜、芳香族等化合物组成,但由于结香方法不同,其化学成分及含量有很大差别。以沉香的6种特征性有效成分苄基丙酮、对甲氧基苄基丙酮、沉香呋喃、沉香螺旋醇、苍术醇、白木香醛及其含量作为评价沉香品质的主要指标,其中火钻法所得沉香中沉香螺旋醇的相对含量最高,约为5.5%;生物结香法所得沉香的特征成分的总含量最高,为16.6%;其次为火钻法所得的沉香,约为13.6%;化学法所得沉香的特征成分总含量相对较低。结果表明生物法的结香效果最好,其次为火钻法,均优于化学法。     

SPME/GC-MS鉴别沉香真伪方法研究

采用固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用(SPME/GC-MS)对沉香的成分进行研究,建立以特征成分鉴别沉香真伪的方法。通过SPME富集沉香的气味成分,GC-MS测定其化学组成,确定天然沉香的6种特征成分,并通过面积归一化确定特征成分在气味成分中的相对含量;通过沉香样品中气味成分的种类及其相对含量与天然沉香特征成分对比,判断沉香的真伪。SPME/GC-MS法具有样品用量小、操作简便快速、检测灵敏度高、特征性强、结果准确可靠的特点,适用于沉香气味成分的分析及真伪鉴别,且不破坏沉香收藏品的整体结构,已成功用于沉香药材及其工艺品等的真伪鉴别。     

基于气相色谱-离子迁移谱的不同产地西洋参挥发性成分分析北大核心CSCD

基于气相色谱-离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)技术对加拿大、美国、中国山东、辽宁、吉林5个产地的西洋参样品进行挥发性成分分析。从不同产地的西洋参样品中共鉴定出53种挥发性成分,包括醛类(13个)、醇类(13个)、酮类(10个)、酯类(7个)、萜类(3个)、吡嗪类(3个)、其他类(4个)。GC-IMS指纹图谱和偏最小二乘-判别分析(PLS-DA)得分图显示不同产地西洋参的挥发性成分存在显著差异,通过VIP值>1和含量比值>2筛选出23种差异挥发性成分。加拿大产2,5-二甲基吡嗪、α-蒎烯、丁酸乙酯、丙酸乙酯等成分的含量显著高于其它产区;美国产2-甲基-2-戊烯醛、2-庚酮、2-庚烯醛、2-辛烯醛等成分的含量较高;中国产芳樟醇等成分的含量较高。基于GC-IMS的挥发性成分分析可对不同产地的西洋参进行有效区分,为西洋参产地鉴别、溯源和品质评价提供了理论指导。     

HS-SPME/GC-MS结合化学计量学分析不同产地路路通中的挥发性成分

采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱技术(HS-SPME/GC-MS)分析了不同产地路路通中的挥发性成分,采用正交试验设计优化了影响顶空固相微萃取技术的各项因素,以主成分分析、聚类分析两种化学计量学方法分析评价了8个产地路路通的挥发性成分。优化实验结果为1 g样品量在80℃下提取40 min,解析1 min。8个产地的路路通共鉴定出48种挥发性组分,不同产地的化学成分大致相同,含量差异较大。两种统计分析方法均表明,湖南、江苏、四川、辽宁4个产地的路路通挥发性成分比较相似,贵州、广西、安徽、河北4个产地的路路通比较接近。主成分分析结果表明,氧化石竹烯、δ-杜松烯、橙花叔醇可作为区分两大类路路通的代表性化合物。HS-SPME/GC-MS结合化学计量学方法可以有效地对不同产地的路路通进行质量评价,从而为中药路路通的药物开发和科学栽培管理提供重要参考。     

气相色谱-质谱联用结合保留指数分析仙鹤草挥发性成分

提出了一个分析仙鹤草挥发油成分的方法。采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取仙鹤草挥发性成分,气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)结合保留指数双重定性,按峰面积归一化法求出各挥发性成分的相对含量,共检测出67个组分,质谱结合保留指数定性鉴定出48个主要挥发性成分,占挥发性成分总含量的87.35%;含量较高的组分为雪松醇(17.50%)、α-蒎烯(11.60%)、伽罗木醇(6.29%)、α-萜品醇(4.90%)和乙酸龙脑酯(4.37%)。方法定性结果更为准确,能为进一步研究仙鹤草化学组分和质量控制提供基础。     

不同产地鱼腥草药材挥发油成分的研究

从定量指纹图谱的角度,结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术和直观推导式演进特征投影法(HELP)分辨解析重叠色谱峰,并对广东省博罗县、云南省大理市、湖南省长沙县3个不同产地的鱼腥草(Herba Houttuyniae)药材进行比较研究。结果表明,不同产地鱼腥草药材挥发油成分的差异主要体现在物质的相对含量上,其中(-)-4-萜品醇、α-松油醇、桧烯和β-月桂烯等物质含量的差别较大。3个不同产地(-)-4-萜品醇的相对含量分别为0.19%～0.24%、4.47%～4.93%、0.03%～0.07%,α-松油醇的相对含量分别为0.17%～0.27%、0.22%～0.24%、0.07%～0.09%,桧烯的相对含量分别为0.48%～0.64%、25.2%～26.8%、0.07%～0.11%,β-月桂烯的相对含量分别为33.66%～43.36%、10.11%～11.11%、51.23%～55.39%。该研究为规范鱼腥草药材中挥发油类成分在制药和用药的实际应用提供了一些可靠的基础。     

气相色谱结合化学计量学区分大米贮藏时间与产地

香气是衡量大米质量的一个主要因素,对大米的食用品质有重要影响。该文以顶空固相微萃取(SPME)技术为基础,采用气相色谱法分别分析了不同贮藏时间和不同产地大米样本的挥发性成分,通过主成分分析法(PCA)和偏最小二乘判别分析法(PLS-DA)对大米样本进行分类和判别分析。PCA及PLS投影图显示不同储藏时间的大米明显聚为4类,通过留一交叉验证法(LOO)计算PLS预报的准确率为96%,相对标准误差为8.2%。同时,PCA投影图中可将4个不同产地的大米样本进行区分,分类效果显著;所建PLSDA模型可靠,不同产地大米样本均能被准确识别,正确率为100%。以顶空固相微萃取/气相色谱检测大米中挥发性成分,利用主成分分析法和偏最小二乘判别分析法鉴别大米新鲜程度和产地具有可行性。     

藏红花挥发油共有组分的气相色谱-质谱分析

本文采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法分析不同批次的藏红花挥发性成分,探讨同一产地不同批次藏红花挥发组分的成分与含量,并用峰面积归一化法确定各成分的相对含量,以其中的主要挥发组分作为考察指标,观察不同批次藏红花挥发组分的变化情况.初步鉴定出42种成分,且同一产地不同批次藏红花挥发性成分具有一定相似性.     

一种同时测定沉香中沉香四醇和苄基丙酮的方法

<正>申请公布号:CN106198791A申请公布日:2016.12.07申请人:中山出入境检验检疫局检验检疫技术中心摘要本发明公开了一种同时测定沉香中沉香四醇和苄基丙酮的方法。用甲醇超声处理待测样品并同时做空白溶液,用甲醇配制具有浓度梯度的混合标准工作溶液,其中沉香四醇的浓度范围为20~200μg/m L,苄基丙酮的浓度范围为0.5~5μg/m L,利用气相色谱–质谱联用仪对标准工作溶液、空白溶液和样品溶液进行分析检测,得到相关色谱图,以样     

不同产地膜分级乙醇溶解黄腐酸挥发性化学成分对比分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)结合保留指数(RI)的方法并利用膜分离技术,对两种不同来源地乙醇溶解黄腐酸进行定性和定量分析,从而为黄腐酸质量标准的建立提供色谱技术支持。不同产地的两种褐煤采用同一种降解手段制备黄腐酸,通过一定的色谱技术和条件,得到峨山分子量小于500黄腐酸(FA-500)的挥发性成分主要有20种,占总成分的88.96%;得到寻甸FA-500的挥发性成分主要有24种,占总成分的91.33%。对比发现,两物质相同成分有12种且含量分别达到了总挥发性成分的76.11%和79.94%。此分析方法的应用阐明了乙醇溶解小分子黄腐酸的化学本质和主要光谱特征,为黄腐酸质量标准的制定提供可靠的方法和技术支持。     

Determination and comparison of agarwood from different origins by comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Agarwood, a species of resinous heartwood, is a precious medicinal plant and a type of rare natural spice, which is widely used in medicine, cosmetics, religious activities, and other fields. In this study, agarwood samples from eight different regions across four countries were analyzed by comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography?quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. A total of 232 species were identified (the match factors of these compounds were above 750). The main compounds of agarwood are oxygenated sesquiterpenes and chromones. The compositions of India1 and Malaysia2 were significantly different from those of other samples, which might be attributed to the different production processes of agarwood. For further investigation, factor analysis was conducted for six agarwood samples. The results showed that the data classification possessed a regional characteristic; according to the retention time and relative content, characteristic compositions were determined by factor scores. Finally, the differences of characteristic compositions were simply analyzed, and the reasons were speculated.     

在线热辅助甲基化-气相色谱法分析棉籽仁中的脂肪酸组成

建立了分析棉籽仁中脂肪酸组成的在线热辅助甲基化-气相色谱法。将0.3 mg棉籽仁样品与2 μ L三甲基氢氧化硫（0.2 mol/L）加入裂解器,在350℃下进行甲基化反应,通过气相色谱仪进行分离分析,共检测到8种脂肪酸甲酯成分,分别为亚油酸（C18：2）、油酸（C18：1）、棕榈酸（C16：0）、硬脂酸（C18：0）、肉豆蔻酸（C14：0）、棕榈油酸（C16：1）、花生酸（C20：0）和二十二酸（C22：0）,不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量为66.30%~72.54%,其中亚油酸的相对含量为43.20%~53.61%,相对峰面积的相对标准偏差（RSD）小于10%（n=5）。通过分析5组棉籽仁样品与3种食用油中的脂肪酸组成,结果表明不同产地的棉籽仁中的脂肪酸组成差异不明显,且棉籽仁中的脂肪酸组成与玉米油最为接近,相似度为0.960~0.992。该方法简单、快速、准确,适合分析棉籽仁中的脂肪酸组成。     

Saprophytic Bacillus Accelerates the Release of Effective Components in Agarwood by Degrading Cellulose

The value of Agarwood increases with time due to the gradual release of its major components, but the mechanism behind this remains unclear. Herein we reveal that the potential driving force of this process is the degradation of cellulose in Agarwood by its saprophytic Bacillus subtilis. We selected 10-year-old Agarwood from different places and then isolated the saprophytic bacteria. We confirmed these bacteria from different sources are all Bacillus and confirmed they can degrade cellulose, and the highest cellulase activity reached 0.22 U/mL. By co-cultivation of the bacterium and Agarwood powder, we found that three of the strains could release the effective components of Agarwood, while they had little effect in increasing the same components in living Aquilaria sinensis. Finally, we demonstrated that these saprophytic Bacillus subtilis have similar effects on Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim and Dalbergiaod orifera T. Chen, but not on Illicium verum Hook. f, Cinnamomum cassia Presl and Phellodendron chinense Schneid. In conclusion, our experiment revealed that the saprophytic Bacillus release the effective components of Agarwood by degrading cellulose, and we provide a promising way to accelerate this process by using this bacterial agent.     

Effect of different starch contents on physical,morphological, mechanical,barrier, and biodegradation properties of tapioca starch and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) blend film

Study on degradation behaviors of biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blended with different compositions of thermoplastic starch (TPS) under soil burial and natural weathering environments is vital in order to predict the product service-life and planning for in situ biodegradation after product disposal. In this article, different compositions of TPS (0%, 20%, 40%, 50%, and 60%) were compounded with PBAT using single screw extruder. The samples were characterized for their tensile properties, fractured surface morphology, water barrier and surface hydrophorbicity properties in order to investigate the effect of starch fractions in PBAT blends. The degradation behavior under natural weathering and soil burial conditions was also determined during the 9 months duration by observing the change of physical appearance, weight loss, surface morphology, chemical structural, and tensile properties. The findings showed that the addition of TPS (20%, 40%, 50%, and 60%) had led to a reduction in tensile strength (41.47%, 60.53%, 63.43%, and 68.53%), and reduction in elongation at break (42.92%, 92.1%, 92.23%, and 93.22%, respectively) and water barrier properties. The findings also showed that there were distinct degradation behavior under both conditions. Upon exposure to natural weathering, photodegradation and Norrish type I & II occurred whereas under the soil burial condition, hydrolytic, and enzymatic degradation take places. Sample with the highest starch contents underwent the highest weight loss and reduction in tensile properties under both environments. The findings in this study are useful in order to investigate the feasibility of PBAT/Tapioca starch blends for biodegradable plastic film for various industrial applications especially in packaging and agricultural mulch.     

Quality evaluation of Yin Chen Hao Tang extract based on fingerprint chromatogram and simultaneous determination of five bioactive constituents

A completely validated method based on HPLC coupled with photodiode array detector (HPLC-UV) was described for evaluating and controlling quality of Yin Chen Hao Tang extract (YCHTE). First, HPLC-UV fingerprint chromatogram of YCHTE was established for preliminarily elucidating amount and chromatographic trajectory of chemical constituents in YCHTE. Second, for the first time, five mainly bioactive constituents in YCHTE were simultaneously determined based on fingerprint chromatogram for furthermore controlling the quality of YCHTE quantitatively. The developed method was applied to analyze 12 batches of YCHTE samples which consisted of herbal drugs from different places of production, showed acceptable linearity, intraday (RSD <5%), interday precision (RSD <4.80%), and accuracy (RSD <2.80%). As a result, fingerprint chromatogram determined 15 representative general fingerprint peaks, and the fingerprint chromatogram resemblances are all better than 0.9996. The contents of five analytes in different batches of YCHTE samples do not indicate significant difference. So, it is concluded that the developed HPLC-UV method is a more fully validated and complete method for evaluating and controlling the quality of YCHTE.     

Quality assessment of cortex cinnamomi by HPLC chemical fingerprint, principle component analysis and cluster analysis

HPLC fingerprint analysis, principle component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis were introduced for quality assessment of Cortex cinnamomi (CC). The fingerprint of CC was developed and validated by analyzing 30 samples of CC from different species and geographic locations. Seventeen chromatographic peaks were selected as characteristic peaks and their relative peak areas (RPA) were calculated for quantitative expression of the HPLC fingerprints. The correlation coefficients of similarity in chromatograms were higher than 0.95 for the same species while much lower than 0.6 for different species. Besides, two principal components (PCs) have been extracted by PCA. PC1 separated Cinnamomum cassia from other species, capturing 56.75% of variance while PC2 contributed for their further separation, capturing 19.08% variance. The scores of the samples showed that the samples could be clustered reasonably into different groups corresponding to different species and different regions. The scores and loading plots together revealed different chemical properties of each group clearly. The cluster analysis confirmed the results of PCA analysis. Therefore, HPLC fingerprint in combination with chemometric techniques provide a very flexible and reliable method for quality assessment of traditional Chinese medicines.     

中药中砷镉汞铅ICP-MS测定值的聚类分析

聚类分析又称集群分析,它是研究“物与类聚”的一种数理统计方法,聚类分析可将一些观察对象依据某些特征加以归类。已经在生物学和医学分类问题[1]以及中药的鉴别与质量评价[2]中获得广泛应用。祁俊生等[3]利用因子分析和聚类分析探讨了微量元素含量与中药药性的相关性。梁逸曾     

Determination of Total Polyphenol Glycosides in Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma and Rumecis Radix

Polyphenol glycosides are reported to be hydrolyzed to lower polar aglycones and then become absorbable in the intestine. It would be more reasonable if the total glycosides of active ingredients could be assayed. In this study, the contents of polyphenol glycosides in Chinese herbs—Polygoni cuspidati rhizoma and Rumecis radix—were studied. The contents of aglycones were determined in decoctions of the herbs before and after hydrolysis. The aglycones assayed were emodin and resveratrol for Polygoni cuspidati rhizoma, and emodin and chrysophanol for Rumecis radix. The results showed that the contents of aglycones in Rumecis radix and Polygoni cuspidati rhizoma increased by 9227% and 4930%, respectively, after hydrolysis. In addition, the content of emodin in Polygoni cuspidati rhizoma increased after hydrolysis (9187%), whereas the amount of resveratrol was decreased (40%) as heating time increased. The method in this study can be applied to the determinations of the contents of aglycones and their glycosides in these Chinese herbs for quality control.