Cu-MgF2复合纳米金属陶瓷薄膜的电导特性研究

用射频磁控共溅射法制备了Cu体积分数分别为 10 % ,15 % ,2 0 %和 3 0 %的Cu MgF2 复合金属陶瓷薄膜 .用x射线衍射、x射线光电子能谱和变温四引线技术对薄膜的微结构、组分及电导特性进行了测试分析 .微结构分析表明 :制备的Cu MgF2 复合薄膜由fcc Cu晶态纳米微粒镶嵌于主要为非晶态的MgF2 陶瓷基体中构成 ,Cu晶粒的平均晶粒尺寸随组分增加从 11 9nm增至 17 8nm .5 0— 3 0 0K温度范围内的电导测试结果表明 :当Cu体积分数qM 由 15 %增加到 2 0 %时 ,Cu MgF2 复合薄膜的电阻减小了 8个量级 ,得出制备的复合薄膜渗透阈qCM 应处于 15 %和 2 0 %之间 .qM 在 10 %和 15 %之间的薄膜呈介质导电状态 ,而在 2 0 %和 3 0 %之间的薄膜则呈金属导电状态 .从理论上讨论了复合薄膜中杂质电导和本征电导的激活能及其对电导的贡献 ,并讨论了Cu MgF2 复合纳米金属陶瓷薄膜的渗透阈 ,得到了和实验一致的结果     

Investigations of electron beam induced conductivity in silicon oxide thin films

Silicon oxide thin film conductivity under electron beam irradiation is studied. An induced current in the films is varied in a range from a few tenths to a few values of the beam current. The dependence of the current normalized to a product of the applied voltage and the beam current on the beam energy is found to have a maximum determined by the film thickness, beam energy, and sign of the applied voltage. For the negative voltage applied to the metal electrode deposited on the film, this maximum is observed at the beam energy, at which the depth generation function is smaller by several tens of nanometers than the film thickness. For the positive voltage on the metal electrode, the maximum is observed at higher beam energies. The obtained result could be qualitatively explained under the assumption that a stationary excess carrier distribution is formed under the electron beam. This distribution is shifted with respect to the generation function due to diffusion and drift of excess carriers. A value of this shift is of about a few tens of nanometers, and its sign indicates that the majority carriers providing the induced conductivity in the films studied are electrons.     

Effect of crystallinity on proton conductivity in yttrium-doped barium zirconate thin films

The effect of crystallinity on proton conductivity in amorphous, single crystal and polycrystal yttrium-doped barium zirconate (BYZ) thin films grown 120 nm in thickness on amorphous (quartz) and single crystal MgO(100) substrates has been studied. The conductivity was measured in the temperature range of 150 ~ 350 °C. By altering the film deposition temperature, varying degrees of crystallization and microstructure were observed by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The epitaxial BYZ film grown on MgO(100) substrate at 900 °C showed the highest proton conductivity among other samples with an activation energy of 0.45 eV, whereas polycrystalline and amorphous BYZ films showed lower conductivities due to grain boundaries in their granular microstructure.     

Influence of interdiffusion on the electrical conductivity of multilayered metal films

The annealing-time dependence of the electrical conductivity of multilayered single-crystal and polycrystalline metal films has been analyzed theoretically within the frame of the semi-classical approach. It is demonstrated that changes in the electrical conductivity which are caused by the diffusion annealing allow for investigating the processes of the bulk and grain-boundary diffusion, and for estimating the coefficients of the diffusion. The electrical conductivity was calculated and the numerical analysis of the diffusion-annealing time dependence was performed at various parameters.     

Effect of corona ageing on the structure changes of polyimide and polyimide/Al2O3 nanocomposite films

In order to investigate the corona ageing mechanism of polyimide and polyimide/Al₂O₃ nanocomposites, effects of corona ageing on the structure changes of the two polymers were studied. The physical and chemical changes were studied by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscope (FTIR) respectively. Modified isothermal discharge current method (MIDC) was used to investigate the trap level distribution before and after corona ageing. AFM images showed that there are large amounts of nano-clusters on the surface of polyimide nanocomposite before corona ageing. The surface roughness parameters of the nanocomposite is much larger than that of the pure polyimide, and that is slightly decreased for polyimide nanocomposite and largely increased for pure polyimide after corona ageing. FTIR spectra analysis showed that possible chemical changes due to the decomposition of C–O–C bond and C–N bond occurred during corona ageing for both polyimide and its nanocomposite. Pulse corona ageing can introduce even larger structure changes than the AC corona ageing for 100HN, while 100CR was just the opposite. IDC measurements showed that the trap level density was increased evidently after corona ageing and become larger for longer ageing time in 100HN film, whereas for 100CR, the trap level density was decreased with ageing time extended. Thus conclusions can be drawn that, corona ageing is a combined process leading to physical and chemical degradation of PI film. The more serious ageing the specimen suffers, the more changes of the trap level density and the surface roughness occurs. The deposition of inorganic nanoparticles on the surface of nanocomposite can form a flat block layer for corona ageing, which can decrease both the surface roughness and the physical trap level density.     

Optical absorption and electrical conductivity of flash evaporated CuGaTe2 thin films

The optical absorption edge of CuGaTe₂ thin films in the energy range 1 to 2·3 eV was studied. The characteristic band gaps were found to be 1·23 eV and 1·28 eV whereas the acceptor ionization energy was 170 meV. Electrical conductivity measurements were carried out in the temperature range 300–550 K and two acceptor states with ionization energies 400 meV and 140 meV were found. The origin of acceptor states is explained based on covalent model.     

GaN薄膜的热导率模型研究

准确预测GaN半导体材料的热导率对GaN基功率电子器件的热设计具有重要意义.本文基于第一性原理计算和经典Debye-Callaway模型,通过分析和完善Debye-Callaway模型中关于声子散射率的子模型,建立了用于预测温度、同位素、点缺陷、位错、薄膜厚度、应力等因素影响的GaN薄膜热导率的理论模型.具体来说,对声...     

XPS investigation on Upilex-S polyimide ablated by pulse TEA CO2 laser

Laser ablation of Upilex-S polyimide films 80 μm thick was performed in air using a pulse TEA CO₂ laser with wavelength 9.3 μm. A halo surrounding the hole was observed, which is covered with sub-micro particles. Pieces of ablation products protrude from the ablated surface, leading to considerable roughness of the ablated area. Chemical and structural changes of Upilex-S polyimide film surface irradiated by the pulse TEA CO₂ laser in air were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Relative C content in the ablated area was found to be higher, whilst both O and N contents were lower than in the untreated area. This means that TEA CO₂ laser ablation released both the O and N atoms. Also, the peak areas corresponding with carbonyl group (C=O) in the imide system were reduced much more and a new component at 287.0 eV assigned to the amide structure (N---C=O) was detected after laser ablation. These suggest that the pyrolysis of the Upilex-S polyimide was the decomposition of the imide ring between the nitrogen/aromatic carbon atom and carbonyl carbon atom. In addition, another new component arising from >C=O groups was also detected for higher fluence (7.83 J/cm²), and its peak areas is very small. This result indicates that the slight oxidation may take place with higher fluence during laser ablation in air. Based on above-mentioned experimental results, a possible thermally-induced decomposition path of Upilex-S polyimide ablated by TEA CO₂ laser is presented.     

Photoconductivity and dark conductivity studies of solution-gas interface grown Ag2S films

Ag₂S films of thicknesses ranging between 500–4000 Å were formed on glass substrate, employing solution-gas interface technique. Dark conductivity of Ag₂S films has been studied at different temperatures and Bi(III) concentrations. Photoconductivity of these films has been investigated at different temperatures, illumination levels, excitation energies and Bi(III) concentrations. Dark conductivity is explained on Slater and Neugebauer models, while photoconductivity is explained on Miccoci and Rose models.     

制备工艺对HfO_2薄膜抗激光损伤能力的影响

采用反应蒸镀法镀制了单层ＨｉＯ２薄膜,观察了薄膜表面主要的微结构缺陷, 研究了基片清洗工艺对薄膜损伤阈值的影响。测量了薄膜沉积前后表面粗糙度变化。结果表 明：沉积工艺可以改变粗糙度,并对薄膜抗激光损伤能力有较大的影响。     

Effect of the silicone interlayer on mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced PMR-15 polyimide composites

Carbon fibers coated with various types and amounts of very high molecular weight silicones (780000 g/mol) are used to make unidirectional PMR-15 polyimide composites. Coating conditions have been found to affect the fiber arrangement within the interlayered composites which consequently has a strong effect on composite properties. The effect of variation of the type and the amounts of the silicone on the impact resistance, toughness and mechanical properties of the composite is determined. Retention of properties of the thermally aged composites has also been studied. Finally, the interlayered composites are checked for improvement of microcracking resistance.     

Impact of silver metallization and electron irradiation on the mechanical deformation of polyimide films

The impact of silver metallization and electron irradiation on the physical and mechanical properties of polyimide films has been studied. The metal that impregnated the structure of the polyimide substrate was 1–5 μm. The surface coatings contained 80–97% of the relative silver mirror in the visible and infrared regions. Irradiation was performed at the ELU-6 linear accelerator with an average beam electron energy of 2 MeV, an integral current of up to 1000 μA, a pulse repetition rate of 200 Hz, and a pulse duration of 5 μs. The absorbed dose in the samples was 10, 20, 30, and 40 MGy. The samples were deformed at room temperature under uniaxial tension on an Instron 5982 universal testing system. The structural changes in the composite materials that result from the impact of the physical factors were studied using an X-ray diffractometer DRON-2M in air at 293 K using CuK_α radiation (λ_αCu = 1.5418 Å). A substantial growth of mechanical characteristics resulting from the film metallization, as compared to the pure film, was observed. The growth of the ultimate strength by Δσ = 105 MPa and the plasticity by Δε = 75% is connected with the characteristics of the change of structure of the metallized films and the chemical etching conditions. The electron irradiation of the metallized polyimide film worsens its elastic and strength characteristics due to the formation of new phases in the form of silver oxide in the coating. The concentration of these phases increased with increasing dose, which was also the result of the violation of the ordered material structure, namely, the rupture of polyimide macromolecule bonds and the formation of new phases of silver in the coating. A mathematical model was obtained that predicts the elastic properties of silver metallized polyimide films. This model agrees with the experimental data.     

Ionic conductivity of epitactic MBE-grown BaF2 films

We studied parallel conductivities of pure BaF₂ films with thicknesses ranging from 35 to 300 nm, epitaxially grown on Al₂O₃(0 1 2) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy technique. The overall conductivities of the films are found to increase with decreasing thickness. The detailed investigation of the overall conductance as a function of the thickness permits the deconvolution of bulk and boundary effects, the latter being attributed to distinct space charge effects in the interface between BaF₂ film and Al₂O₃ substrate. The (extrinsic) Debye length (λ) is estimated to be about 8 nm at T=593 K, which corresponds to an impurity content of 10¹⁸/cm³ (singly ionized dopant assumed). This is consistent with the fact that we observed a constant boundary contribution for all investigated films (film thickness >4λ). It is also consistent with the Debye length observed in a previous report on CaF₂/BaF₂ heterolayers fabricated by the same technique, in which the low temperature enhancement was also attributed to space charges in BaF₂ [Nature 408 (2000) 946]. Only at low temperatures (below 370 °C), the conductance seems to be influenced by strain effect.     

Effect of radiation on conductivity of solid PVA–KOH–PC composite polymer electrolytes

The aim of this work is to enhance the room temperature conductivity of solid alkaline composite polymer electrolytes (ACPEs) based on polyvinyl alcohol/potassium hydroxide/propylene carbonate (PVA–KOH–PC) composites by cross-linking the PVA and bond scission of the PC by γ-radiation. The ACPEs were prepared by solvent-casting technique and irradiated with doses up to 200 kGy at room temperature. The microstructure of the ACPEs was measured using XRD spectrometer, and the results show the structural change from semicrystalline to amorphous, indicating that the cross-linking has been achieved at higher doses. It was found that the PKOH composite at 40 wt% KOH and PPC composite at 60 wt% PC show higher conductivities. The conductivity of the PKPC composites is dominated by dc conductivity at higher frequencies and that PC with 60 wt% has the highest conductivity at a dose of 200 kGy.Paper presented at the International Conference on Functional Materials and Devices 2005, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, June 6–8, 2005.     

Thermal conductivity of nanoscale polycrystalline ZnO thin films

Thermal conductivities (TCs) of ZnO thin films of thickness 80-276 nm prepared by sol-gel method are measured by the transient thermoreflectance (TTR) system. The obtained TCs ranging from 1.4 to 6.5 W/m K decrease while the thickness decrease. The measured TCs are much smaller than those of bulk ZnO, which is about 100 W/m K. The possible reasons for the decrease are the grain boundary and defects. The latter is the dominating one from the analysis.     

Effect of scratches on the conductivity of thin films

The conductivity of a two-dimensional composite, a thin film with a system of randomly distributed nonconducting scratches, is considered. A comparison with the results of a model experiment is performed.     

Ionic conductivity study on electron beam irradiated polyacrylonitrile-polyethylene oxide gel

Different mass percent polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-polyethylene oxide (PEO) gels were prepared and irradiated by an electron beam (EB) with energy of 1.0 MeV to the dose ranging from 13 kGy to 260 kGy.The gels were analysed by using Fourier transform infrared spectrum,gel fraction and ionic conductivity (IC) measurement.The results show that the gel is crosslinked by EB irradiation,the crosslinking degree rises with the increasing EB irradiation dose (ID) and the mass percents of both PAN and PEO contribute a lot to the crosslinking;in addition,EB irradiation can promote the IC of PAN-PEO gels.There exists an optimum irradiation dose,at which the IC can increase dramatically.The IC changes of the PAN-PEO gels along with ID are divided into three regions:IC rapidly increasing region,IC decreasing region and IC balanced region.The cause of the change can be ascribed to two aspects,gel capturing electron degree and crosslinking degree.By comparing the IC-ID curves of different mass percents of PAN and PEO in gel,we found that PAN plays a more important role for gel IC promotion than PEO,since addition of PAN in gel causes the IC-ID curve sharper,while addition of PEO in gel causes the curve milder.     

激光辐照对MgB2超导体电子结构的影响

研究了光辐照对MgB2超导体电子结构的影响。对MgB2超导体进行不同时间的激光照射后,利用正电子湮没技术对光照样品进行了研究,根据正电子寿命谱参数的变化情况,对光辐照后MgB2超导体样品中缺陷及电子结构的变化进行了讨论。实验表明:MgB2超导体中的平均电子浓度对激光的照射十分敏感,并随光照时间的增加而增加。