A four-wing and double-wing 3D chaotic system based on sign function

Many four-wing chaotic systems have been developed based on cross product or quadratic operations. Differently, we construct a three-dimensional chaotic system generating four-wing or double-wing attractors by virtue of sign function. Dynamical properties such as equilibrium points, Poincaré map, Lyapunov exponent spectra, Hopf bifurcations and bifurcation diagrams of the system are theoretically and numerically analyzed. Results of mathematical analyses and simulation tests indicate that the proposed chaotic system can keep chaotic to generate four-wing or double-wing attractors within a large scope of parameters. The system also shows hyperchaotic behaviors in some parameter range. Besides, circuit implementation of the chaotic system is studied. That proves the system is physically realizable.     

A novel four-wing chaotic attractor generated from a three-dimensional quadratic autonomous system

This paper presents a new 3D quadratic autonomous chaotic system which contains five system parameters and three quadratic cross-product terms, and the system can generate a single four-wing chaotic attractor with wide parameter ranges. Through theoretical analysis, the Hopf bifurcation processes are proved to arise at certain equilibrium points. Numerical bifurcation analysis shows that the system has many interesting complex dynamical behaviours; the system trajectory can evolve to a chaotic attractor from a periodic orbit or a fixed point as the proper parameter varies. Finally, an analog electronic circuit is designed to physically realize the chaotic system; the existence of four-wing chaotic attractor is verified by the analog circuit realization.     

A novel four-wing non-equilibrium chaotic system and its circuit implementation

In this paper, we construct a novel, 4D smooth autonomous system. Compared to the existing chaotic systems, the most attractive point is that this system does not display any equilibria, but can still exhibit four-wing chaotic attractors. The proposed system is investigated through numerical simulations and analyses including time phase portraits, Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation diagram, and Poincaré maps. There is little difference between this chaotic system without equilibria and other chaotic systems with equilibria shown by phase portraits and Lyapunov exponents. But the bifurcation diagram shows that the chaotic systems without equilibria do not have characteristics such as pitchfork bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation etc. which are common to the normal chaotic systems. The Poincaré maps show that this system is a four-wing chaotic system with more complicated dynamics. Moreover, the physical existence of the four-wing chaotic attractor without equilibria is verified by an electronic circuit.     

Hopf Bifurcation Control of a Hyperchaotic Circuit System

This paper is concerned with the Hopf bifurcation control of a new hyperchaotic circuit system. The stability of the hyperchaotie circuit system depends on a selected control parameter is studied, and the critical value of the system parameter at which Hopf bifurcation occurs is investigated. Theoretical analysis give the stability of the Hopf bifurcation. In particular, washout filter aided feedback controllers are designed for delaying the bifurcation point and ensuring the stability of the bifurcated limit cycles. An important feature of the control laws is that they do not result in any change in the set of equilibria. Computer simulation results are presented to confirm the analytical predictions.     

Implementation of a multi-scroll novel two-attractor grid chaotic system

This paper proposed a method of generating two attractors in a novel grid multi-scroll chaotic system. Based on a newly generated three-dimensional system, a two-attractor grid multi-scroll attractor system can be generated by adding two triangular waves and a sign function. Some basic dynamical properties, such as equilibrium points, bifurcations, and phase diagrams, were studied. Furthermore, the system was experimentally confirmed by an electronic circuit. The circuit simulation results and numerical simulation results verified the feasibility of this method.     

一种新型的四维多翼超混沌吸引子及其在图像加密中的研究

提出了一种新的能产生多翼混沌吸引子的四维混沌系统,该系统在不同的参数条件下能产生混沌、超混沌吸引子.然后对此混沌系统的一些基本的动力学特性进行了理论分析和数值仿真,如平衡点、Poincaré映射、耗散性、功率谱、Lyapunov指数谱、分岔图等.同时设计了一个模拟振荡电路实现四翼超混沌吸引子,硬件电路模拟实验结果与数值仿真结果相一致.最后将此四维多翼超混沌系统用于物理混沌加密和高级加密标准加密级联的混合图像加密算法,这种利用物理混沌不可预测性的混合加密系统,不存在确定的明文密文映射关系,且密文统计特性也比其他加密系统要好.     

一个具有完全四翼形式的四维混沌

本文通过引进一个非线性状态反馈控制器, 提出了一个新的四维混沌系统, 该混沌吸引子能在任何方向上都表现出四翼形式. 由于存在一个大的正李雅普诺夫指数, 混沌系统具有一些非常有趣和复杂的动力学行为. 对系统的一些基本动力学特性进行了数值模拟和理论分析, 如平衡点、耗散性、Poincaré映射、频谱、时域谱和混沌行为等. 通过对Lyapunov指数谱和分岔图的分析, 进一步研究了混沌行为的系统参数敏感性. 最后, 设计了一个实现四翼混沌系统的振荡电路, EWB观察结果与数值模拟结果具有良好的一致性.     

Synchronization transition of a coupled system composed of neurons with coexisting behaviors near a Hopf bifurcation

The coexistence of a resting condition and period-1 firing near a subcritical Hopf bifurcation point, lying between the monostable resting condition and period-1 firing, is often observed in neurons of the central nervous systems. Near such a bifurcation point in the Morris-Lecar （ML） model, the attraction domain of the resting condition decreases while that of the coexisting period-1 firing increases as the bifurcation parameter value increases. With the increase of the coupling strength, and parameter and initial value dependent synchronization transition processes from non-synchronization to compete synchronization are simulated in two coupled ML neurons with coexisting behaviors： one neuron chosen as the resting condition and the other the coexisting period-1 firing. The complete synchronization is either a resting condition or period-1 firing dependent on the initial values of period-1 firing when the bifurcation parameter value is small or middle and is period- 1 firing when the parameter value is large. As the bifurcation parameter value increases, the probability of the initial values of a period- 1 firing neuron that lead to complete synchronization of period- 1 firing increases, while that leading to complete synchronization of the resting condition decreases. It shows that the attraction domain of a coexisting behavior is larger, the probability of initial values leading to complete synchronization of this behavior is higher. The bifurcations of the coupled system are investigated and discussed. The results reveal the complex dynamics of synchronization behaviors of the coupled system composed of neurons with the coexisting resting condition and period-1 firing, and are helpful to further identify the dynamics of the spatiotemporal behaviors of the central nervous system.     

Noise-induced synchronous stochastic oscillations small scale cultured heart-cell networks

This paper reports that the synchronous integer multiple oscillations of heart-cell networks or clusters are observed in the biology experiment. The behaviour of the integer multiple rhythm is a transition between super- and sub- threshold oscillations, the stochastic mechanism of the transition is identified. The similar synchronized oscillations are theoretically reproduced in the stochastic network composed of heterogeneous cells whose behaviours are chosen as excitable or oscillatory states near a Hopf bifurcation point. The parameter regions of coupling strength and noise density that the complex oscillatory rhythms can be simulated are identified. The results show that the rhythm results from a simple stochastic alternating process between super- and sub-threshold oscillations. Studies on single heart cells forming these clusters reveal excitable or oscillatory state nearby a Hopf bifurcation point underpinning the stochastic alternation. In discussion, the results are related to some abnormal heartbeat rhythms such as the sinus arrest.     

Control of Codimension-2 Bautin Bifurcation in Chaotic Lu System

In this paper, we design a feedback controller, and analytically determine a control criterion so as to control the codimension-2 Bautin bifurcation in the chaotic Lfi system. According to the control criterion, we determine a potential Bautin bifurcation region （denoted by P） of the controlled system. This region contains the Bautin bifurcation region （denoted by Q） of the uncontrolled system as its proper subregion. The controlled system can exhibit Bautin bifurcation in P or its proper subregion provided the control gains are properly chosen. Particularly, we can control the appearance of Bautin bifurcation at any appointed point in the region P. Due to the relationship between Bantin bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation, the control scheme thereby is also viable for controlling the creation and stability of the Hopf bifurcation. In the controller, there are two terms： a linear term and a nonlinear cubic term. We show that the former determines the location of the Hopf bifurcation while the latter regulates its criticality. We also carry out numerical studies, and the simulation results confirm our analyticai predictions.     

Branch Processes of Vortex Filaments and Hopf Invariant Constraint on Scroll Wave

In this paper, by making use of Duan＇s topological current theory, the evolution of the vortex filaments in excitable media is discussed in detail. The vortex filaments are found generating or annihilating at the limit points and encountering, splitting, or merging at the bifurcation points of a complex function Z（x, t）. [t is also shown that the Hopf invariant of knotted scroll wave filaments is preserved in the branch processes （splitting, merging, or encountering） during the evolution of these knotted scroll wave filaments. Furthermore, it also revealed that the ＂exclusion principle＂ in some chemical media is just the special case of the Hopf invariant constraint, and during the branch processes the ＂exclusion principle＂ is also protected by topology.     

Nonlinear dynamic characteristics and optimal control of a giant magnetostrictive film-shaped memory alloy composite plate subjected to in-plane stochastic excitation

The nonlinear dynamic characteristics and optimal control of a giant magnetostrictive film(GMF)-shaped memory alloy(SMA) composite plate subjected to in-plane stochastic excitation are studied. GMF is prepared based on an SMA plate, and combined into a GMF–SMA composite plate. The Van der Pol item is improved to explain the hysteretic phenomena of GMF and SMA, and the nonlinear dynamics model of a GMF–SMA composite cantilever plate subjected to in-plane stochastic excitation is developed. The stochastic stability of the system is analyzed, and the steady-state probability density function of the dynamic response of the system is obtained. The condition of stochastic Hopf bifurcation is discussed, the reliability function of the system is provided, and then the probability density of the first-passage time is given. Finally, the stochastic optimal control strategy is proposed by the stochastic dynamic programming method.Numerical simulation shows that the stability of the trivial solution varies with bifurcation parameters, and stochastic Hopf bifurcation appears in the process; the system’s reliability is improved through stochastic optimal control, and the firstpassage time is delayed. A GMF–SMA composite plate combines the advantages of GMF and SMA, and can reduce vibration through passive control and active control effectively. The results are helpful for the engineering applications of GMF–SMA composite plates.     

A novel one equilibrium hyper-chaotic system generated upon Lü attractor

By introducing an additional state feedback into a three-dimensional autonomous chaotic attractor Lü system, this paper presents a novel four-dimensional continuous autonomous hyper-chaotic system which has only one equilibrium. There are only 8 terms in all four equations of the new hyper-chaotic system, which may be less than any other four-dimensional continuous autonomous hyper-chaotic systems generated by three-dimensional (3D) continuous autonomous chaotic systems. The hyper-chaotic system undergoes Hopf bifurcation when parameter c varies, and becomes the 3D modified Lü system when parameter k varies. Although the hyper-chaotic system does not undergo Hopf bifurcation when parameter k varies, many dynamic behaviours such as periodic attractor, quasi periodic attractor, chaotic attractor and hyper-chaotic attractor can be observed. A circuit is also designed when parameter k varies and the results of the circuit experiment are in good agreement with those of simulation.     

Dynamical investigation and parameter stability region analysis of a flywheel energy storage system in charging mode

In this paper, the dynamic behavior analysis of the electromechanical coupling characteristics of a flywheel energy storage system （FESS） with a permanent magnet （PM） brushless direct-current （DC） motor （BLDCM） is studied. The Hopf bifurcation theory and nonlinear methods are used to investigate the generation process and mechanism of the coupled dynamic behavior for the average current controlled FESS in the charging mode. First, the universal nonlinear dynamic model of the FESS based on the BLDCM is derived. Then, for a 0.01 kWh/1.6 kW FESS platform in the Key Laboratory of the Smart Grid at Tianjin University, the phase trajectory of the FESS from a stable state towards chaos is presented using numerical and stroboscopic methods, and all dynamic behaviors of the system in this process are captured. The characteristics of the low-frequency oscillation and the mechanism of the Hopf bifurcation are investigated based on the Routh stability criterion and nonlinear dynamic theory. It is shown that the Hopf bifurcation is directly due to the loss of control over the inductor current, which is caused by the system control parameters exceeding certain ranges. This coupling nonlinear process of the FESS affects the stability of the motor running and the efficiency of energy transfer. In this paper, we investigate into the effects of control parameter change on the stability and the stability regions of these parameters based on the averaged-model approach. Furthermore, the effect of the quantization error in the digital control system is considered to modify the stability regions of the control parameters. Finally, these theoretical results are verified through platform experiments.     

Function Projective Synchronization of Discrete-Time Chaotic and Hyperchaotic Systems Using Backstepping Method

In this paper, a function projective synchronization scheme is developed to investigate the function projective synchronization between the discrete-time driven chaotic system and the discrete-time response chaotic system. With the aid of symbolic-numeric computation, we use the scheme to study the function projective synchronization between 2D Lorenz discrete-time system and Hdnon discrete-time system, as well as that between 3D discrete-time hyperchaotic system and Henon-like map via three scalar controllers, respectively. Moreover numerical simulations are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

Hopf bifurcation analysis of Chen circuit with direct time delay feedback

Direct time delay feedback can make non-chaotic Chen circuit chaotic. The chaotic Chen circuit with direct time delay feedback possesses rich and complex dynamical behaviours. To reach a deep and clear understanding of the dynamics of such circuits described by delay differential equations, Hopf bifurcation in the circuit is analysed using the Hopf bifurcation theory and the central manifold theorem in this paper. Bifurcation points and bifurcation directions are derived in detail, which prove to be consistent with the previous bifurcation diagram. Numerical simulations and experimental results are given to verify the theoretical analysis. Hopf bifurcation analysis can explain and predict the periodical orbit (oscillation) in Chen circuit with direct time delay feedback. Bifurcation boundaries are derived using the Hopf bifurcation analysis, which will be helpful for determining the parameters in the stabilisation of the originally chaotic circuit.     

Undetermination of the synchronizability and relation between network betweenness centrality

Betweenness centrality is taken as a sensible indicator of the synchronizability of complex networks. To test whether betweenness centrality is a proper measure of the synchronizability in specific realizations of random networks, this paper adds edges to the networks and then evaluates the changes of betweenness centrality and network synchronizability. It finds that the two quantities vary independently.     

A New Route to the Interpretation of Hopf Invariant

We discuss an object from algebraic topology, Hopf invariant, and reinterpret it in terms of the Ф-mapping topological current theory. The main purpose of this paper is to present a new theoretical framework, which can directly give the relationship between Hopf invariant and the linking numbers of the higher dimensional submanifolds of Euclidean space R^2n-1. For the sake of this purpose we introduce a topological tensor current, which can naturally deduce the （n- 1）-dimensional topological defect in R^2n-1 space. If these （n- 1）-dimensional topological defects are closed oriented submanifolds of R^2n-1, they are just the （n - 1）-dimensional knots. The linking number of these knots is well defined. Using the inner structure of the topological tensor current, the relationship between Hopf invariant and the linking numbers of the higher-dimensional knots can be constructed.     

Chaos Control in a New Three-Dimensional Chaotic T System

In this paper, we study chaos control of the new 3D chaotic system. We use three feedback methods （the linear, speed, doubly-periodic function controller） to suppress the chaos to unstable equilibrium. As a result, some controllers are obtained. Moreover, numerical simulations are used to verify the effectiveness of the obtained controllers.     

A new kind of nonlinear fractional-order chaotic phenomenon in coupled systems： coexistence of anti-phase and complete synchronization

In this paper, we have found a kind of interesting nonlinear phenomenon hybrid synchronization in linearly coupled fractional-order chaotic systems. This new synchronization mechanism, i.e., part of state variables are anti- phase synchronized and part completely synchronized, can be achieved using a single linear controller with only one drive variable. Based on the stability theory of the fractional-order system, we investigated the possible existence of this new synchronization mechanism. Moreover, a helpful theorem, serving as a determinant for the gain of the controller, is also presented. Solutions of coupled systems are obtained numerically by an improved Adams Bashforth-Moulton algorithm. To support our theoretical analysis, simulation results are given.