Global forward-predicting dynamic routing for traffic concurrency space stereo multi-layer scale-free network

Many real communication networks, such as oceanic monitoring network and land environment observation network,can be described as space stereo multi-layer structure, and the traffic in these networks is concurrent. Understanding how traffic dynamics depend on these real communication networks and finding an effective routing strategy that can fit the circumstance of traffic concurrency and enhance the network performance are necessary. In this light, we propose a traffic model for space stereo multi-layer complex network and introduce two kinds of global forward-predicting dynamic routing strategies, global forward-predicting hybrid minimum queue(HMQ) routing strategy and global forward-predicting hybrid minimum degree and queue(HMDQ) routing strategy, for traffic concurrency space stereo multi-layer scale-free networks. By applying forward-predicting strategy, the proposed routing strategies achieve better performances in traffic concurrency space stereo multi-layer scale-free networks. Compared with the efficient routing strategy and global dynamic routing strategy, HMDQ and HMQ routing strategies can optimize the traffic distribution, alleviate the number of congested packets effectively and reach much higher network capacity.     

基于通信序列熵的复杂网络传输容量

网络的传输性能在一定程度上依赖于网络的拓扑结构.本文从结构信息的角度分析复杂网络的传输动力学行为,寻找影响网络传输容量的信息结构测度指标.通信序列熵可以有效地量化网络的整体结构信息,为了表征网络整体传输能力,把通信序列熵引入到复杂网络传输动力学分析中,研究网络的通信序列熵与传输性能之间的关联特性,分析这种相关性存在的内在机理.分别在BA无标度和WS小世界网络模型上进行仿真,结果显示:网络的通信序列熵与其传输容量存在密切关联性,随着通信序列熵的增加,网络拓扑结构的均匀性随之增强,传输容量明显增加.网络的传输容量是通信序列熵的单调递增函数,与通信序列熵成正关联关系.通信序列熵可有效评估网络的传输容量,本结论可为设计高传输容量网络提供理论依据.     

基于SDN架构的电力通信网络质量感知技术研究

电力工业是国民经济的基础支柱,其通信网络是电力生产、经营和管理的一个重要组成部分。针对现通信网中业务流实时监测的难题,提出引入一种基于SDN架构设计的新型流量感知监测技术方案,经实际网络延迟数据与RLI算法、MDI指标中的DF参数、VTD指标互作对比。为此搭建基于NetMag可编程网络设备的实验环境通过验证及建模对比,均达到预期效果。论证该项质量感知技术能为电力通信网提供可视化、实时、智能的运维平台作部署,这将使运维管理工作更加主动、有效,有利于提高网络运行的效率与稳定性。     

An efficient approach of controlling traffic congestion in scale-free networks

We propose and study a model of traffic in communication networks. The underlying network has a structure that is tunable between a scale-free growing network with preferential attachments and a random growing network. To model realistic situations where different nodes in a network may have different capabilities, the message or packet creation and delivering rates at a node are assumed to depend on the degree of the node. Noting that congestions are more likely to take place at the nodes with high degrees in networks with scale-free character, an efficient approach of selectively enhancing the message-processing capability of a small fraction (e.g. 3%) of the nodes is shown to perform just as good as enhancing the capability of all nodes. The interplay between the creation rate and the delivering rate in determining non-congested or congested traffic in a network is studied more numerically and analytically.     

基于智能交通系统的耦合映射跟驰模型和交通拥堵控制

基于智能交通诱导信息，提出一种改进的耦合映射跟驰模型，用于描述单车道的交通流动力学特性及其拥堵控制.利用反馈控制理论，给出了在头车速度发生变化时交通流保持稳定的条件.分析结果表明，考虑前方更多车辆的信息对交通流有致稳作用，亦即稳定性条件明显减弱.数值模拟证实了理论分析的正确性，通过与他人相关工作的比较得知，考虑智能交通诱导信息能够更有效地抑制交通拥堵. 关键词： 交通流 智能交通系统 耦合映射跟驰模型 交通拥堵控制     

基于复杂网络理论的多元混合空管技术保障系统网络特征分析

为提高空管技术保障系统应对突发事件的能力,本文以空管技术保障系统导航、通信、监视设备覆盖的航路结构为基础,构建系统对应的空间网络模型.提出从灵活性、鲁棒性、高效性三个方面度量空管技术保障系统网络特性,对北京、上海、广州、昆明、沈阳、兰州飞行情报区的空管技术保障系统网络的平均度、度分布、度-度相关性、聚集系数、平均路径长度、直径等进行分析.分析结果显示,各飞行情报区空管技术保障系统的平均聚集系数在0.25—0.39之间,网络聚集程度偏低;网络平均路径长度为3.4,表现出小世界网络特征;度值3时服从幂律分布,度-度分布不表现出正相关或负相关.对网络进行基于度优先的和随机的抗毁性测度,空管技术保障系统网络抗毁性较差,网络的可靠性由少数核心节点决定,应对核心节点进行目标免疫,提高网络的抗毁性.这些规律为空管技术保障系统能力提升、新建扩建提供理论依据,对降低突发事件对空管系统保障能力的影响,保障空中交通持续安全具有现实意义.     

有业务量疏导能力的WDM网格网阻塞性能分析

提出一个新分析模型来计算有业务量疏导能力的波分复用(WDM)网格网的呼叫阻塞概率,WDM网络中的业务量疏导定义为复用、解复用和交换低速率业务量到高容量光路的行为.该模型首先把原始网络分解为单个子系统,然后再对这些子系统进行独立分析,最后对这些子系统的结果进行适当组合得到整个网络的解.同时,模型考虑了链路负载和链路阻塞事件之间的相关性.仿真结果表明该模型给出的结果较准确.     

面向成本-收益好的无标度耦合网络构建方法

较大平均路径长度的网络会带来较大的网络延迟, 难以支持时间敏感业务与应用. 通过增加连接可以降低源和目的节点之间的跳数, 进而降低网络平均延迟, 使得更加快速地传播信息, 但是增加连接的同时也增加了网络构建成本. 分层网络是研究网络耦合的一个有效方法, 但目前网络构建过程中将每层网络分别处理并认为每层网络之间没有强相关性. 本文提出了一种面向成本-收益的无标度网络动态构建方法. 此方法将网络分为多层, 基于连续论在高层网络中添加连接, 使得网络演化为无标度网络. 此连续过程包括节点度增加过程和局部网络半径增长两个连续过程, 在增加连接的过程中引入表征网络构建成本和收益的成本-收益指标. 模拟结果表明引入成本-收益指标的无标度耦合网络构建方法能够在合理范围内有效降低网络平均路径长度, 提升网络性能, 并且本文给出了耦合网络的动态业务性能, 通过调整高层网络避免网络拥塞.     

基于节点相关性的网络不动点理论研究

现代复杂的通信网络内部存在着广泛的幂律现象，网络节点之间存在相关特性. 根据这种相关特性，提出了网络不动点理论. 将Banach不动点理论引入网络模型，证明了网络不动点理论的正确有效性. 证明过程是把通信网络看作由路径预测算法产生的似马尔可夫链的路由节点迭代序列形成的网络空间. 由节点相关性可知，此空间中的节点序列相对越长就越能折射出搜索的目标所在，预测准确率也会逐步增加，可以更好地进行目标定位、数据挖掘等. 通过某种路由准则的算子从源节点最终映射到的目的节点与Banach空间的不动点相对应，即为网络空间的不动点. 当网络发展到能为用户提供真正的无处不在的连接时，网络不动点理论的物理特性将非常明显. 因为网络规模越大，节点间的群体作用越显著，就越能显现网络不动点理论的物理特性. 关键词： 计算机网络 长程相关 不动点 幂律     

Role of connectivity in congestion and decongestion in a communication network

We study network traffic dynamics in a two dimensional communication network with regular nodes and hubs. If the network experiences heavy message traffic, congestion occurs due to finite capacity of the nodes. We discuss strategies to manipulate hub capacity and hub connections to relieve congestion and define a coefficient of betweenness centrality (CBC), a direct measure of network traffic, which is useful for identifying hubs which are most likely to cause congestion. The addition of assortative connections to hubs of high CBC relieves congestion very efficiently. An erratum to this article is available at .     

混合状态下城市快速路交通流短时预测

建立交通流短时预测状态空间模型, 研究混合状态下城市快速路交通流短时预测. 结合城市快速路自由流状态、拥挤流状态和阻塞流状态下交通流参数的时间和空间分布特性, 基于交通流守恒方程和速度动态模型, 借鉴偏微分方程组求解时空离散的思想, 建立三种状态下交通流短时预测模型; 同时考虑进出口匝道、车道数变更以及道路坡度等因素的影响, 将交通流短时预测模型转化为交通流短时预测状态空间模型, 实现混合状态下交通流短时预测. 研究表明, 该方法能够实现混合状态下道路网内的交通流短时预测, 预测精度可达90.23%. 相同条件下, 经典自回归滑动平均模型的预测精度仅为81%. 关键词： 交通流短时预测 自由流状态 拥挤流状态 阻塞流状态     

考虑车与车互联通讯技术的交通流跟驰模型

基于Newell跟驰模型,建立考虑车与车互联(vehicle-to-vehicle,V2V)通讯技术的单车道跟驰模型.根据V2V技术的特征,引入参数α以表征驾驶员在收到V2V技术所提供的实时交通信息后的提前反应程度.根据线性稳定分析方法,得到V2V跟驰模型的中性稳定条件.通过计算机的模拟,研究V2V技术对交通流运行的影响,分析小扰动下V2V跟驰模型对参数变化的敏感性,研究不同α取值下交通流密度波及迟滞回环的变化.研究发现:1)与全速度差跟驰模型相比,在引入V2V后,交通流在加速起步、减速刹车及遇到突发事件时,车辆运行的安全性和舒适性均得到不同程度的提升;2)V2V跟驰模型对参数α及T的变化较为敏感,且在交通流较为拥堵时,V2V技术的引入可以提升交通流的平均速度;3)参数α的增大、T的减小可以有效提升V2V跟驰模型在不同交通环境下的运行稳定性.由于可以实时地获取交通流运行的状态并针对性地改变车辆自身的运行,V2V交通流跟驰模型提升了交通流运行的稳定性.     

含有误差校正的小波神经网络交通流量预测

交通流量的准确预测对于高速路管理者进行决策至关重要。建立了小波神经网络(WNN)交通流量预测模型,并通过预测训练误差和测试误差校正预测结果来提高预测精度。首先构建WNN模型对交通流量进行初步预测,然后利用经验模态分解(EMD)和WNN模型对训练误差和测试误差进行预测。分别用训练误差预测值、测试误差预测值和两种误差预测值的加权对流量初步预测结果进行修正得到最终预测值。采用四川省成灌高速路交通流量数据进行了仿真对比实验,仿真结果表明含有误差校正的小波神经网络模型能有效提高交通流量预测精度,并且利用两种误差加权修正模型的预测精度高于利用测试误差的修正模型和利用训练误差的修正模型。     

Incident Detection Method of Expressway Based on Traffic Flow Simulation Model

The expressway traffic incidents have the characteristics of high harmful, strong destructive and refractory. Incident detection can guarantee smooth operation of the expressway, reduce traffic congestion and avoid secondary accident by informing the accident, detection and treatment timely. In this paper, an incident detection method is proposed using the toll station data that takes into account the traffic ratio at the entrances and crossway in the network. The expressway traffic simulation model is improved and a simulation algorithm is established to describe the movement of the vehicles. A numerical example is experimented on the expressway network of Shandong province. The proposed method can effectively detect the expressway incidents, and dynamically estimate the traffic network states so as to provide advice for the highway management department.     

Influence of inter-vehicle communication on peak hour traffic flow

Mixed traffic flow consisting of vehicles equipped with wireless inter-vehicle communication devices and non-equipped vehicles is analyzed using bidirectionally coupled network traffic and road traffic simulators in a peak hour scenario. For equipped vehicles a strategy to stabilize traffic flow and to reduce travel time is proposed. The strategy comprises rules to determine both how and when to change driving behavior. Vehicles that detect perturbations downstream try to keep a larger gap to their predecessor by which they aim to compensate traffic inhomogeneities. Improvement of traffic flow was observed even for a ratio of equipped vehicles as low as five percent.     

A novel macroscopic traffic model based on generalized optimal velocity model

In this paper, we adopt the coarse graining method proposed by Lee H K et al. to develop a macroscopic model from the microscopic traffic model-GOVM. The proposed model inherits the parameter p which considers the influence of next-nearest car introduced in the GOVM model. The simulation results show that the new model is strictly consistent with the former microscopic model. Using this macroscopic model, we can avoid considering the details of each traffic on the road, and build more complex models such as road network model easily in the future.     

Congestion analysis of traffic networks with direction-dependant heterogeneity

Traffic flow directionality and network weight asymmetry are widespread notions in traffic networks. This paper investigates the influence of direction-dependant heterogeneity on traffic congestion. To capture the effect of the link directionality and link weight asymmetry, the heterogeneity indexes of complex networks and the traffic flow model are introduced. The numerical results show that the critical value of heterogeneity determines congestion transition processes. The congestion degree increases with heterogeneity when the network heterogeneity is at a subcritical region. A network is more tolerant of congestion if the heterogeneity of the network is smaller or larger than the critical value. Furthermore, when heterogeneity reaches the critical value, the average number of accumulated vehicles arrives at the maximum and the traffic flow is under a serious congestion state. A significant improvement on the tolerance to congestion of traffic networks can be made if the network heterogeneity is controlled within a reasonable range.     

结合可视图的多状态交通流时间序列特性分析

交通流时间序列的研究主要采用数据挖掘和机器学习的方法,这些"黑箱"挖掘方法很难直观反映序列特性.为增强交通流时间序列及其特征分析的可视化性,结合可视图理论来构建交通流时间序列的关联网络,从复杂网络角度实现交通流时间序列的特性分析.在网络构建的过程中,考虑到不同交通状态下交通流表征具有的差异性,首先利用交通流参量的相关性对交通流状态进行分类,然后构建不同交通状态下的时间序列复杂网络,并对这些网络的特征属性给出统计分析,如度分布、聚类系数、网络直径、模块化等.研究表明,可视图法可为交通流时间序列映射到网络提供有效途径,并且不同状态下交通流时间序列构建的复杂网络的模块化、聚类系数和度分布等统计特征呈现一定的变化规律,为交通流运行态势的研究提供了可视化的分析角度.     

A game theory model of urban public traffic networks

We have studied urban public traffic networks from the viewpoint of complex networks and game theory. Firstly, we have empirically investigated an urban public traffic network in Beijing in 2003, and obtained its statistical properties. Then a simplified game theory model is proposed for simulating the evolution of the traffic network. The basic idea is that three network manipulators, passengers, an urban public traffic company, and a government traffic management agency, play games in a network evolution process. Each manipulator tries to build the traffic lines to magnify its “benefit”. Simulation results show a good qualitative agreement with the empirical results.