氨基糖苷类抗生素分析方法的研究进展

对近20年来氨基糖苷类抗生素分析方法的进展进行了评述,其中包括微生物法、分光光度法、发光分析法、免疫分析法、色谱分析法、电化学分析法、共振瑞利散射法以及其他一些分析方法。引用文献79篇。     

农产品中重金属的检测方法研究进展

综述了农产品中重金属的检测方法如光谱分析法(包括原子吸收光谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法、原子荧光光谱法和X射线荧光光谱法)、色谱分析法、电化学分析法和快速检测方法(包括酶联免疫吸附法、生物传感器法、酶抑制法、试纸和试剂比色法)的研究进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望(引用文献83篇)。     

镓及其氧化物中杂质元素分析方法研究进展

作者从原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法、吸光光度法、电化学分析法、活化分析法、质谱分析法六个方面,综述镓及其氧化物中杂质元素分析方法的进展（引用文献３２篇）。     

流动注射分析法与多种仪器分析联用的进展

对流动注射分析法(FIA)与多种仪器分析方法,包括分光光度法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)、原子吸收光谱法(AAS)、化学发光法(CL)、荧光光度法、电化学分析法、生物传感器、毛细管电泳、免疫分析法等联用在最近两年中的新进展作了评述,引述文献42篇.     

乳清酸分析方法的研究进展

综述了近年来乳清酸分析方法的研究进展,内容包括紫外-可见分光光度法、荧光分析法、电化学分析法、色谱分析法、色谱-质谱联用法和量热法等几个方面,展望了乳清酸分析方法的发展方向.     

食品中镉的检测技术

本文综述了近年来国内食品中镉的检测技术,包括火焰原子吸收光谱法、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光光谱法、分光光度法、阳极溶出伏安法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法等传统检测技术,以及生物化学传感器法、免疫分析法、酶分析法和试纸法等快速检测技术(引用文献42篇)。     

微量元素铬的分析方法研究进展

就国内外近年来对食品，药物，环境等样品中铬元素的分析方法研究进展进行了综述。主要有分光光度法，原子吸收分光光度法，荧光分析法，化学发光法，电化学分析法，电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法，色谱法，质子诱发X－射线分析法和共振瑞利散射法。     

X射线吸收分析法简介

近十余年来,X射线化学分析法已被广泛采用。利用X射线进行化学分析,有三类不同方法:衍射分析法,发射光谱分析法和吸收分析法。衍射分析法常称物相分析,它是根据晶态物质的X射线衍射花样的特征和衍射线的强度来进行定性与定量分析的。分析结果直接给出样品中所含晶体的种类、数目及其相对含量。非晶态物质沒有一定的衍射花样,故不能用此法分析。发射光谱分析法(包括初级发射光谱法及熒光X光谱分析法)的原理与通常的光学光谱分析法相同,是根据各种元素所固有的特征X射线的波长及强度来进行定性定量分析的,分析结果给出样品中所含元素的种类及含量。上述二法本刊已先后作过介绍,本文之目的是要对吸收分析法的原理、设备及应用作一简要介绍。     

岩石矿物分析

本文是《分析试验室》定期评述中“岩石矿物分析”的第七篇评述文章。评述了 1 997年 7月至 1 999年 6月间国内岩石矿物分析的发展概况。内容分综述与会议、试样的前处理、重量法和滴定法、光度法、原子光谱分析法、电化学分析法、X射线荧光分析法、色谱、质谱及活化分析法、流动注射分析法、物相分析、标准物质和标准分析方法等几方面。引用文献 3 86篇。     

区分化学分析法与仪器分析法适用性的实践教学探索

根据方法原理,分析化学的常用分析方法可分为化学分析法和仪器分析法。高灵敏度、高选择性、高自动化、数字化和智能化已成为分析化学的发展方向,仪器分析法成为了分析化学发展的主流和热点。因此,在校本科生往往忽视化学分析法的重要作用以及适用范围,陷入仪器分析法为万能分析方法的误区。本文选用络合滴定法和原子吸收光谱法分别对常量含铅样品进行测试,通过考察测试结果的相对误差大小,探索了化学分析法和仪器分析法的适用范围,从而纠正了在校本科生的唯仪器分析法的错误观念。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。