原子力显微镜的压电陶瓷非线性及图象畸变的校正

研制了卧式原子力显微镜(AFM)系统,讨论压电陶瓷的非线性及AFM图象畸变的软件校正方法.提出利用光束偏转法精确测定XY扫描器压电陶瓷的伸长量与控制电压之间的相互关系,得到压电陶瓷的非线性曲线;根据非线性的偏离程度,通过扫描软件对X和Y方向的扫描电压作逐点补偿,据此有效地校正图象畸变.并给出分别用未校正软件与校正软件扫描获得的部分样品的AFM图象.     

AFM关于压电陶瓷非线性效应的图像校正

在很多情况下,AFM图像的几何形貌都与实物存在差异的。本文主要针对压电陶瓷非线性引起的图像的失真,通过实验用标准DVD光盘对图像加以校正。希望用校正以后的软件,能尽可能获得样品的真实信息。     

基于迟滞非线性补偿系统的光学元件形貌检测

为了减少相移干涉仪中压电陶瓷致动器进行相移时,其迟滞非线性对相移算法中的相位计算带来的误差,设计了一套压电陶瓷致动器的控制系统.利用高精度电阻应变传感器和基于锁相放大原理的信号调理电路检测压电陶瓷致动器位移,建立多项式数学模型描述迟滞非线性,然后提出了一种前馈开环控制方法补偿其迟滞非线性.最后,基于所提出的方案对压电陶瓷致动器进行了期望轨迹的跟踪控制实验,同时将补偿控制系统与干涉仪相结合检测光学元件表面形貌.实验结果表明:补偿后,压电陶瓷致动器的跟踪误差在-0.156μm与+0.078μm之间,迟滞非线性度由10.4%降到2.4%,且干涉仪所测得的光学元件表面面形起伏高度均方根和峰谷分别改变了0.795nm和3.937nm.该系统对于高精度的光学元件形貌检测具有重要的意义.     

特征平行直线的成像畸变现场校正

针对畸变对成像测量的影响,通过对摄像机畸变模型的分析,提出了一种基于特征平行直线的畸变现场校正方法.该方法分两步,非线性径向畸变的校正和透视畸变的校正.首先,提取图像中包含的多条特征直线,然后通过迭代法将成像后的弯曲直线拉直的方法获得系统非线性径向畸变参量,再用这些参量对非线性径向畸变进行校正,得到去非线性径向畸变的图像.通过对图像中的特征平行直线进行拟合,获得系统的透视畸变参量,并以这些参量反演迭代实现对透视畸变的校正,进而得到去透视畸变的图像.实验和仿真结果表明:该方法通过两步法利用图像中的特征平行直线先验知识能够有效实现对成像中多种畸变的一靶现场校正;对像机径向畸变和透视畸变的校正后相对误差均达到5%以内,适合于工程中基于图像的测量和目标识别中目标无固定位置的复合畸变的现场校正.     

力曲线重构实验课程平台

原子力显微镜(AFM)作为一种分辨率可达原子量级的测量工具已经广泛应用于纳米材料、生物医学等领域.目前大学里开设与AFM成像技术相关的实验课程中,大多是向学生展示AFM扫描样品获得形貌图的功能,较为单调,无法使学生在实验课程中更深入地了解AFM的工作模式及成像方式.近年来,通过对原子力显微镜的输出信号进行分析,并利用高次谐波信号进行重建力曲线,使探测样品表面力学信息的方法得到了深入的研究.本文完整地叙述了使用自主开发的AFM实验平台进行重构力曲线的过程,并将其应用于AFM实验课程中,从而加深学生对AFM成像原理的了解.     

一种光学成像垂轴几何畸变校正方法

光学成像系统非线性几何畸变的校正仍是一个未能很好解决的课题，一些方法还不能很好地实用。本文对成像系统主要因镜头的失常导致的非线性几何畸变，分析了成像过程。提出一种以径向几何畸变为主的非线性几何畸变模型。依据此模型，提出一种通用的校正方法，应用计算机处理，可对实际的非线性几何畸变图像进行校正。文中用所提出的方法对实际成像的畸变进行了校正，给出了校正实验结果，校正效果良好，有一定的实验价值。     

液相型原子力显微镜的研制及其应用

讨论了液相型原子力显微镜(AFM)的液相探头、液体池、图像扫描处理软件以及扫描与光电反馈控制电路系统.利用该液相型AFM分别进行了气相和液相环境中的样品表面形貌测量,给出了理想的图像结果.实验表明,该液相型AFM具有优良的液相扫描性能,同时保持了很高的图像分辨率、稳定性和重复性.     

提高原子力显微镜（AFM）成像质量的方法

针对原子力显微镜AFM不要求样品具有导电性的优点,分析了影响原子力显微镜AFM扫描图像质量的原因及提高AFM成像质量的方法。     

基于迁移学习的原子力显微镜成像恢复方法

受限于探针针尖结构尺寸,用原子力显微镜进行微纳测量时会产生图像边缘失真.提出了一种基于迁移学习的原子力显微镜成像恢复方法,通过迁移学习训练源模型和靶模型实现一维栅格成像恢复.该方法采用数学形态法中的腐蚀算法生成栅格点云数据,通过U-Net网络源模型从点云中提取针尖卷积效应的特征向量,将权重参数迁移至U-Net网络靶模型,靶模型在自适应正则化方法下进行监督学习.实验结果表明,该方法能有效恢复一维栅格的原子力显微镜测量图像,提高横向分辨力,可用于纳米栅格的线宽检测上.     

幅度调制原子力显微镜仿真平台

基于欧拉-伯努利模型,对幅度调制原子力显微镜( AM-AFM)进行建模,采用P]D控制器进行反馈控制,建立了一套幅度调制原子力显微镜仿真平台.仿真结果表明,该平台准确地模拟了AM-AFM探针接近样品和扫描样品的过程中探针的运动状态及AM-AFM的工作系统,可作为大学生做原子力显微镜实验的辅助工具,使学生对AM-AFM的...     

A scanning distortion correction method based on Ⅹ–Y galvanometer Lidar system

Aiming at the problem of scanning distortion in X-Y galvanometer light detecting and ranging(Lidar) scanning system,we propose a method of image scanning distortion correction with controllable driving voltage compensation.Firstly,the geometrical optics vectors model is established to explain the principle of pincushion distortion in the galvanometer scanning system,and the simulation result of scanning trajectory is consistent with experiments.The linear relationship between the driving voltage and the scanning angle of the galvanometer is verified.Secondly,the relationship between the deflection angle of the galvanometer and the scanning trajectory and the driving voltage is deduced respectively,and an image scanning correction algorithm with controllable driving voltage compensation is obtained.The simulation experiment results of the proposed method show that the root-mean-square error(RMSE) and the corresponding curve between the scan value and the actual value at different distances,have a good correction effect for the pincushion distortion.Finally,the X-Y galvanometer scanning Lidar system is established to obtain undistorted two-dimensional scanned image and it can be applied to the three-dimensional Lidar scanning system in the actual experiments,which further demonstrates the feasibility and practicability of our method.     

Modeling of LiFePO_4 battery open circuit voltage hysteresis based on recursive discrete Preisach model

This paper focuses on the modeling of LiFePO4 battery open circuit voltage(OCV) hysteresis. There exists obvious hysteresis in LiFePO4 battery OCV, which makes it complicated to model the LiFePO4 battery. In this paper, the recursive discrete Preisach model(RDPM) is applied to the modeling of LiFePO4 battery OCV hysteresis. The theory of RDPM is illustrated in detail and the RDPM on LiFePO4 battery OCV hysteresis modeling is verified in experiment. The robust of RDPM under different working conditions are also demonstrated in simulation and experiment. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the accuracy of LiFePO4 battery OCV hysteresis modeling when the battery OCV characteristic changes, which conduces to the online state estimation of LiFePO4 battery.     

Relation between the microstructural properties of electrical steels and the Preisach modelling

In this paper, the relation of the microstructural properties of electrical steels and the material parameters in the dynamic Preisach model is established. Particular experimental work was performed in order to separate the influence of grain size from the crystallographic texture. First, the parameters defined in the dynamic Preisach model has been fitted using the hysteresis loss characteristics. Next, we identified and separated the effect of average grain size from the crystallographic texture on each material parameter defined in the Lorentzian–Preisach distribution function. Here, the same texture dependence was identified for all kinds of magnetisation processes, i.e. for the irreversible and reversible parts of the quasi-static magnetisation and for the AC excess loss behaviour. Finally, the Preisach distribution function is rewritten explicitly including the grain size and crystallographic texture dependence.     

Hysteresis modeling of synchronous reluctance motor considering PWM input voltage

This paper deals with the hysteresis characteristics analysis in PWM fed synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) using a coupled finite element method (FEM) and Preisach's modeling, which is presented to analyze the characteristics under the effect of saturation and hysteresis loss. With regard to the PWM characteristics, a vector control inverter is combined with an analysis tool. Also, a moving mesh technique is used with regard to rotation due to velocity. The focus of this paper is the applied method of Preisach modeling for rotating machines and the characteristics analysis of a SynRM using the proposed method of analysis. For the propriety of proposed method of analysis, TMS320C31 DSP-installed experimental devices are used. And then, computer simulation and experimental result for the i–λ loci, speed, current response, show the propriety of the proposed method. The characteristic analysis is performed in relation to the maximum efficiency condition for a SynRM in simulation and experiment.     

Hysteresis in structural dynamics

In this paper the Preisach hysteresis model is applied to determine the dynamic behavior of a steel column with mass on the top and loaded by an impulse force. The column is considered as a rigid element, while the fixed end of the column is modeled with a rotational spring of hysterestic characteristic. In the solution of the non-linear dynamical equation of motion the fix-point technique is inserted to the time marching iteration. In the investigation the non-linearity of the rotation spring is modeled with the Preisach hysteresis model. The variation of amplitude and the action time interval of force are changing. The results are plotted in figures.     

Thermo-magnetic history effects in the giant magnetostriction across the first-order transition and minor hysteresis loops modeling in Fe0.955Ni0.045Rh alloy

Results of temperature- and magnetic field-dependent strain measurements across the first-order antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition in Fe(0.955)Ni(0.045)Rh are presented. Distinct thermal and magnetic field hystereses are observed in the measured strain across the phase transition. The minor hysteresis loops inside the hysteretic regime across the temperature-driven transition are modeled using the Preisach model of hysteresis. The applicability of the Preisach model to explain the general features of minor hysteresis loops is discussed for a disorder influenced first-order transition. The minor hysteresis loops show the property of retaining the memory of the starting or end point of the temperature cycle followed within the hysteretic region. A larger temperature excursion within the hysteretic region wipes out the memory of a smaller temperature cycle which contains one of the extrema of the larger cycle. The end-point memory and the wiping-out property of the minor hysteresis loops can be described quite well within the Preisach model, irrespective of the temperature history followed to reach a particular starting point. Thermo-magnetic history effects across the magnetic field-induced transition are explained, which will enable the choice of the starting point of an experimental cycle in the field-temperature phase space so as to achieve the desired functionality. Our results highlight the necessity to understand the influence of disorder on a first-order phase transition so as to achieve a repeatable performance of materials whose functionalities are based on such a transition.     

On the controllability of the semilinear heat equation with hysteresis

We study the null controllability problem for a semilinear parabolic equation, with hysteresis entering in the semilinearity. Under suitable hypotheses, we prove the controllability result and explicitly treat the cases where the hysteresis relationship is given by a Play or a Preisach operator.     

一种基于畸变等效曲面的图像畸变校正

介绍了一种图像畸变的等效曲面模型,用于修正由于光学系统或图像传感器产生的畸变。分析了球形畸变模型的原理,推导出基于球形模型的畸变校正公式,并给出了基于球形模型的畸变校正的具体实现方法,通过实验对这种畸变校正的效果进行了验证。这种曲面畸变模型的校正具有实现简单,不需求解方程组等优点,并可以推广到其他曲面,具有比较广泛的实用性。     

Hysteresis-induced long-time tails

It is shown analytically that the output of the standard model for complex, nonlocal hysteresis, the Preisach model, exhibits long-time tails under quite general conditions. For uncorrelated input signals the exponent of the algebraic output correlation decay is determined solely by the tails of the input and the Preisach density. Correspondingly we identify universality classes leading to identical algebraic tails. These results predict the occurrence of 1/f noise for a large class of hysteretic systems.