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多普勒效应是由于波源或观察者的相对运动致使观察者接收到的频率与波源的频率不同的现象.多普勒效应有很多实际的应用,然而无论是新老教材,多普勒效应一节的教学仅停留在实验演示及规律的文字性表述上,不少师生对多普勒效应的理 相似文献
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Mach-Zehnder(M-Z)干涉仪可作为鉴频器件应用于多普勒测风激光雷达系统中.鉴于一般M-Z干涉仪的稳定性差,不易于调节的缺点,提出一种基于双棱镜结构的新型双通道M-Z干涉仪作为多普勒测风激光雷达鉴频器件.在进行探测原理分析的基础上,利用光学设计软件对其鉴频系统结构进行了参量优化设计和系统仿真.通过设定实验参量并进行光线追迹模拟仿真实验结果,应用反演理论获得了风速值.利用多普勒频移公式计算获得理论风速并与仿真结果进行了对比,结果表明反演仿真风速与理论风速值基本吻合,标准差为0.46m/s.此新型双通道M-Z干涉仪可以作为鉴频器件应用于多普勒测风激光雷达系统中,在光路的调节及提高系统稳定性上具有优势. 相似文献
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微多普勒特征提取作为一种常用的时频分析工具,对微动目标特征的提取重构具有重要意义.为了更好地研究多运动的微多普勒效应,提出了一种运动姿态分类方法.按照目标频移是否随时间变化可以将运动姿态分为频移时变运动和频移时不变运动.频移时变运动包括平移、翻滚和振动.针对这种运动应分析对比不同时间对应的瞬态频移,频移时不变运动主要为旋转运动.本文通过微多普勒效应理论结合电磁波频域模型,实现3D运动目标微动特性提取的仿真建立目标,分析不同环境条件例如晴天阴天、有无湍流对探测的影响,为后续实验研究奠定理论基础.开展基于收发同置系统的多特征运动目标的微多普勒频移探测实验,实验结果表明,不同目标位置上频移的幅度、正负性和谱线宽度旨在反演目标形状、运动姿态、运动方向和速度.利用FFTshift函数对一维数据进行解调分析,实现三维时间-频率-强度关系的研究.本研究实现了对目标宏观形状特性的测量以及微观运动信息的提取,为雷达探测和识别奠定基础. 相似文献
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针对散射体均匀分布以及三维空间域(3 dimension,3D)移动通信环境,提出了3D空间统计信道模型.对在指向性天线覆盖下的室内微小区移动通信环境,模型能够估计多径衰落信道的重要空时信道参数,如波达信号在水平面以及垂直面的信号到达角度(angle of arrival,AOA)以及多普勒效应(Doppler spectra,DS)等.移动台(mobile station,MS)的移动特性会使接收信号产生多普勒效应,根据运动的相对性理论,基站(base station,BS)也会有相对运动,因此也会有多普勒效应产生.本文引入控制变量法导出三维空间域在MS以及BS端的多普勒效应,数值仿真结果与室外3D多径衰落信道对比表明,本模型的信道参数估计结果符合理论和经验,扩展了3D空间统计信道模型的研究和应用. 相似文献
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利用多普勒效应测速是一种重要的技术手段.但在教学过程中发现,对于测速的原理到底如何,学生以及部分教师并不是很清楚,笔者从多普勒效应的原理出发,发现此问题对应的模型是波源和观察者同时运动的情景,并得到了频率变化与速度之间的关系,再进一步讨论了电磁波的多普勒效应. 相似文献
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Diange Yang Ziteng Wang Bing Li Yugong Luo Xiaomin Lian 《Journal of sound and vibration》2011,330(7):1352-1364
It has been a challenge in the past to accurately locate and quantify the pass-by noise source radiated by the running vehicles. A system composed of a microphone array is developed in our current work to do this work. An acoustic-holography method for moving sound sources is designed to handle the Doppler effect effectively in the time domain. The effective sound pressure distribution is reconstructed on the surface of a running vehicle. The method has achieved a high calculation efficiency and is able to quantitatively measure the sound pressure at the sound source and identify the location of the main sound source. The method is also validated by the simulation experiments and the measurement tests with known moving speakers. Finally, the engine noise, tire noise, exhaust noise and wind noise of the vehicle running at different speeds are successfully identified by this method. 相似文献
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本文主要讨论传声器阵列反卷积法对于飞机发动机噪音测量的实际应用及反卷积法对于飞机过顶测噪的数值模拟。传统"波束成型法"的成像是点源与点分布函数卷积的结果,只有在满足瑞利限制的前提下可以分辨多个相距较近的声源。本文介绍了一种简称反卷积法的传声器阵列新方法,它是将原有的Beamforming结果作为已知条件,从中提取有用的声源信息,去除掉旁瓣的干扰,使得处理出来的声源幅值与位置更加准确。观察运动声源会产生多普勒效应,特别是在频域中处理声信号时会使发声源产生频率偏移,因此在反卷积法使用前引入平均多普勒频移因子,它使得运用反卷积法在频域中预测飞机进场噪音成为可能。 相似文献
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A Doppler-based method for using a moving narrow-band source to extract the modes of acoustic propagation in a range-independent shallow ocean waveguide over a partial-water-column spanning vertical line array (VLA) is introduced. Because the modal components propagate at distinct frequencies in the case of uniform radial source motion, the modal depth functions may be isolated and extracted from a frequency decomposition of the field. Because Doppler broadening due to radial source accelerations degrades the effectiveness of the extraction method, the method incorporates a technique to compensate for Doppler broadening. As the basis for the compensation technique, a theory is introduced for describing the VLA field from an accelerating cw source. By connecting the range of the source at the time a signal feature is emitted (the retarded time) to the range of the source at the time the signal feature arrives at the receiver (the contemporary time), the theory incorporates the Doppler effects associated with the finite group velocities of the modal components. The mode extraction method and compensation technique are applied to simulation and ocean data. 相似文献
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Generally, the linear motion between the source of a wave and an observer leads to a linear Doppler effect. It is associated with the linear momentum of the wave. For electromagnetic beams having a circular polarization or an azimuthal phase distribution, the rotation between the source and the observer results in a less well-known rotational Doppler effect. It is associated with the angular momentum of the wave. This is particularly the case for vortex beams. Here, the various physical insights that are given to explain the origin of the rotational Doppler effect is reviewed. The focus is on different cases where such an effect gives information on the rotational nature of the probed systems, and also on cases where the rotational Doppler effect is useless. Still debated issues and possible applications are then presented. 相似文献
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The purpose of this work is to simulate and investigate the sound field generated by a moving line source with finite length and variable speed. Expect for the variation of the acoustic pressure at the specific field point, the distribution of the surface pressure along the surface of the line source was also considered. For achieving this purpose, a numerical method which combines the Time Domain Boundary Element Method (TDBEM) and moving sound source theory was developed in the present work. After comparing the results with the constant and the variable speed case, it showed that the effect of the variable speed not only influenced the variation rate of the frequency modulation, i.e., Doppler effect, but also the time about the maximum acoustic pressure being observed. In addition, the simulation results also presented that the difference as to the amplitude variation of the acoustic pressure still existed between the moving case and the stationary case even if the length of the line source is very long. 相似文献
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Effect of angle of incidence on self-mixing laser Doppler velocimeter and optimization of the system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wei Huang Huaqiao Gui Liang Lu Jianping Xie Hai Ming Deyong He Huanqin Wang Tianpeng Zhao 《Optics Communications》2008,281(6):1662-1667
Based on the theory of speckle and self-mixing interference in laser-diode, three-facet cavity model is introduced to analyze laser Doppler effect based on self-mixing interference in the case of a rough surface, and numerical solution of the signal is obtained. Simulation results of speckle-modulated Doppler signal based on self-mixing effect and tracking accuracy at different incident angles are given using parameters employed in the experiment. Simulation results indicate incident angle of around 30° is most suitable when both tracking accuracy and signal amplitude are considered. Experimental waveforms agree well with simulation results, and similar conclusions as simulation predictions about changing trend of tracking accuracies of the system at different incident angles can be made. Combining with difference frequency analog phase-lock loop (PLL) technique and appropriate sampling time, a laser Doppler velocimeter with tracking accuracy better than 1.3% in the range of 10-470 mm/s is realized. 相似文献
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为了解决传统的交互式多模型目标跟踪算法中马尔可夫概率转移矩阵固定不变,造成的模型切换缓慢、跟踪精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于后验信息修正的时变转移概率自适应交互式多模型跟踪算法。算法定义了一种新的修正因子,利用后验信息对概率转移矩阵进行实时修正,提高匹配模型的概率,减小非匹配模型的影响,使得系统模型能够及时、准确地切换到匹配模型。蒙特卡洛仿真实验表明,该自适应交互式多模型算法能够应用于水下目标跟踪中,相比传统交互式多模型算法,模型匹配度更高,滤波效果也更好。 相似文献
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提出将激光多普勒测速仪(LDV)应用于车载惯性导航系统中,阐述了激光多普勒自身速度仪的基本原理和小波变换的相关理论,并运用小波变换对多普勒信号进行检测、去噪及提取多普勒频率,仿真及实验结果表明:信号进行小波分解后,对每一级小波进行阈值处理,得到了较好的去噪效果;在小波降噪常见的阈值原则中,无偏似然估计阈值和极值阈值不容易丢失信号中的有用成分,而启发式阈值原则和固定阈值原则可以更有效地去除噪声;对于提取多普勒频率而言,小波变换与快速傅里叶变换所得的结果是一致的,而小波变换不但可以求出系统自身的运动速度,而且还可以求出对应速度发生的时刻。 相似文献