Intercalation and functionalization of zinc hydroxide nitrate with mono- and dicarboxylic acids

The intercalation of ions derived from succinic, glutaric, and adipic acid into layered zinc hydroxide nitrate by ionic exchange reaction is reported. Different reaction conditions are investigated and the materials are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis (simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry) and elemental analysis. The dicarboxylic acids can be grafted to the matrix slab by one carboxylate group and the second hydrated carboxylate group is hanging between the layers. Benzoate ions have also been intercalated by both ionic exchange reaction and stirring in acetonitrile. The two benzoate-intercalated materials exchange the organic moiety by sulfate ions if stirred in magnesium sulfate solution, but the sample obtained by anion exchange also allows the unusual incorporation of neutral magnesium sulfate in addition to free solvated sulfate ion. A schematic arrangement of the intercalated species between the layers is presented.     

Intercalation behavior of amino acids into Zn-Al-layered double hydroxide by calcination-rehydration reaction

The intercalation of amino acids for the Zn-Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH) has been investigated by the calcination-rehydration reaction at 298 K using mainly phenylalanine (Phe) as a guest amino acid. The Zn-Al oxide precursor prepared by the calcination of Zn-Al-carbonated LDH at 773 K for 2 h was used as the host material. The amount of Phe intercalated by the rehydration was remarkably influenced by the initial solution pH and reached ca. 2.7 times for anion exchange capacity (AEC) of the LDH at neutral and weak alkaline solutions, suggesting that Phe was intercalated as amphoteric ion form into the LDH interlayer. As Phe is intercalated for the LDH as monovalent anion in alkaline solution, the amount of Phe intercalated at pH 10.5 corresponded with AEC of the LDH. The solid products were found to have the expanded LDH structure, which confirmed that Phe was intercalated into the LDH interlayer as amphoteric ion or anion form. The basal spacing, d₀₀₃, of the Phe/LDH was 1.58 nm at pH 7.0 and 0.80 nm at pH 10.5; two kinds of expansion suggested for Phe in the interlayer space as vertical (pH 7.0) and horizontal (pH 10.5) orientations. The intercalation behavior of various amino acids for the LDH was also found to be greatly influenced by the feature of the amino acid side-chain, namely, its carbon-chain length, structure and physicochemical property. In particular, α-amino acids possessing a hydrophobic or negative-charged side-chain were preferentially intercalated for the LDH.     

Intercalation of an oxalatooxoniobate complex into layered double hydroxide and layered zinc hydroxide nitrate

A Zn/Al layered double hydroxide with molar ratio of 3 was prepared by coprecipitation in alkaline pH and used as a matrix to intercalate the ionic complex diaquadioxalatooxoniobate(V) (DDON), derived from NH₄[NbO(C₂O₄)₂(H₂O)₂]2H₂O. In a similar way, the layered zinc hydroxide nitrate, Zn₅(OH)₈(NO₃)₂2H₂O, was synthesized, preexpanded with azelate ions (⁻OOC(CH₂)₇COO⁻), and then intercalated with the niobium complex. For both layered matrices, the results from X-ray powder diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermal analysis (TG/s-DTA) indicate the presence of the oxalate ion. In addition, results from X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopy indicate the presence of the niobium center bonded to oxygen atoms. Finally, diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy suggests that the niobium centers are coordinated to oxalate ions. This is the first report of the intercalation of niobium into a layered matrix.     

Intercalation studies of zinc hydroxide chloride: Ammonia and amino acids

Zinc hydroxide chloride (ZHC) is a layered hydroxide salt with formula Zn₅(OH)₈Cl₂·2H₂O. It was tested as intercalation matrix for the first time and results were compared with intercalation products of the well-known zinc hydroxide nitrate and a Zn/Al layered double hydroxide. Ammonia was intercalated into ZHC, while no significant intercalation occurred in ZHN. Aspartic acid intercalation was only achieved by co-precipitation at pH=10 with ZHC and pH=8 with zinc hydroxide nitrate. Higher pH resistance in ZHC favored total deprotonation of both carboxylic groups of the Asp molecule. ZHC conferred more thermal protection against Asp combustion presenting exothermic peaks even at 452 °C while the exothermic event in ZHN was 366 °C and in the LDH at 276 °C.     

Chemical modification of oximes with N-protected amino acids

The modification of oximes, including 5α-steroids, with N-protected amino acids, in solution phase, using benzotriazole methodology is reported.     

Chemistry of polyenic and polyacetylenic compounds communication 8. Methods of synthesizing polyenic dicarboxylic acids having even numbers of double bonds and also polyenynic dicarboxylic acids

Russian Chemical Bulletin -     

Chemical modification of alumina and silica with alkylphosphonic acids and their esters

Alumina and silica were modified with alkylphosphonic acids and diethyl butylphosphonate. The boundaries of hydrolytic stability of the obtained surface-modified materials were determined.     

Cu2+ ions as a paramagnetic probe to study the surface chemical modification process of layered double hydroxides and hydroxide salts with nitrate and carboxylate anions

A layered zinc hydroxide nitrate (Zn5(OH)8(NO3)2.2H2O) and a layered double hydroxide (Zn/Al-NO3) were synthesized by coprecipitation and doped with different amounts of Cu2+ (0.2, 1, and 10 mol%), as paramagnetic probe. Although the literature reports that the nitrate ion is free (with D3h symmetry) between the layers of these two structures, the FTIR spectra of two zinc hydroxide nitrate samples show the C2v symmetry for the nitrate ion, whereas the g ||/A || value in the EPR spectra of Cu2+ is high. This fact suggests bonding of some nitrate ions to the layers of the zinc hydroxide nitrate. The zinc hydroxide nitrate was used as matrix in the intercalation reaction with benzoate, o-chlorobenzoate, and o-iodobenzoate ions. FTIR spectra confirm the ionic exchange reaction and the EPR spectroscopy reveals bonding of the organic ions to the inorganic layers of the zinc hydroxide nitrate, while the layered double hydroxides show only exchange reactions.     

Pharmaceutical salts of emoxypine with dicarboxylic acids

New salt forms of the antioxidant drug emoxypine (EMX, 2‐ethyl‐6‐methylpyridin‐3‐ol) with pharmaceutically acceptable maleic (Mlt), malonic (Mln) and adipic (Adp) acids were obtained {emoxypinium maleate, C₈H₁₂NO⁺·C₄H₃O₄⁻, [EMX+Mlt], emoxypinium malonate, C₈H₁₂NO⁺·C₃H₃O₄⁻, [EMX+Mln], and emoxypinium adipate, C₈H₁₂NO⁺·C₆H₉O₄⁻, [EMX+Adp]} and their crystal structures determined. The molecular packing in the three EMX salts was studied by means of solid‐state density functional theory (DFT), followed by QTAIMC (quantum theory of atoms in molecules and crystals) analysis. It was found that the major contribution to the packing energy comes from pyridine–carboxylate and hydroxy–carboxylate heterosynthons forming infinite one‐dimensional ribbons, with [EMX+Adp] additionally stabilized by hydrogen‐bonded C(9) chains of Adp⁻ ions. The melting processes of the [EMX+Mlt] (1:1), [EMX+Mln] (1:1) and [EMX+Adp] (1:1) salts were studied and the fusion enthalpy was found to increase with the increase of the calculated lattice energy. The dissolution process of the EMX salts in buffer (pH 7.4) was also studied. It was found that the formation of binary crystals of EMX with dicarboxylic acids increases the EMX solubility by more than 30 times compared to its pure form.     

镁铝水滑石的有机改性实验研究

采用共沉淀法合成了对甲基苯磺酸有机插层改性的镁铝水滑石,用XRD、FTIR、TG-DSC等技术表征产物特征.研究表明,合成的对甲基苯磺酸插层LDH物相纯净、结晶度高,层间无硝酸根,而且2:1型有更好的晶形;2:1型对甲基苯磺酸插层LDH在450-500℃层状结构逐渐被破坏,而3:1型在400-460℃0层状结构被破坏....     

硝酸锌与三种氨基酸配合行为的相化学研究

用半微量相平衡法研究了Zn(NO~3)~2-His/Met/Phe-H~2O在25℃及全浓度范围内的溶度性质,构置了体系的溶度图及饱和溶液的折光指数-组成图,发现并制备了未见文献报道的固液同组成三元化合物Zn(His)(NO~3)~2.(1/2)H~2O与Zn(Met)(NO~3)~2.(1/2)H~2O和固液异组成三元化合物Zn(Met)~3(NO~3)~2.H~2O,Zn(Phe)(NO~3)~2.H~2O与Zn(Phe)~3(NO~3)~2.H~2O。通过化学分析、元素分析、IR光谱、X射线粉末衍射、TG-DTG等对其组成、结构及热稳定性进行了研究。     

New iron-cobalt clusters with silicon-containing dicarboxylic acids

For the first time, silicon-containing dicarboxylic acids were used to prepare two new heterotrinuclear carboxylates of the composition [Fe₂ ^IIICo^IIO(Bcpdps)₃(H₂O)₃], I, where H₂Bcpdps ≡ HOOC-C₆H₄-Si(C₆H₅)₂-C₆H₄COOH, and [Fe₂ ^IIICo^IIO(Ipds)₃(H₂O)₃], II, where H₂Ipds ≡ [HOOC-C₆H₃(CO)₂N-(CH₂)₃-(CH₃)₂Si]₂O. The precursor for these two complexes was trinuclear μ³-oxo-hexaacetate triaqua diiron(III)cobalt(II) cluster, {Fe ₂ CoO}, in which the acetate anions were subsequently substituted by silicon-containing dianions. The resulting products were characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), and Mossbauer spectroscopies (MS). The investigation by MS revealed the presence of the iron(3+) ions in high spin state and having the close environment. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicated an improving in the thermal stability by replacing acetate anions with silicon-containing carboxyl ligands. This widens the temperature range in which such compounds can be used in practical applications.      

Layered double hydroxide hybrids with dicetylphosphate

Dicetyl phosphate (DCP) ions incorporated into layered double hydroxide (LDH) clays to form a DCP/LDH hybrid were prepared and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, and differential thermal analyses. DCP was concluded not only to form well-aligned bilayer structures along the vertical axis of the LDH layers but also to be arranged in a distorted hexagonal packing orientation in the lateral planes within the DCP/LDH hybrid interlayers.     

Synthesis of bis-fused tetrathiafulvalene with mono- and dicarboxylic acids

Bis-fused tetrathiafulvalenes with mono- and dicarboxylic acids, 2-{5-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-d][1,3]dithiol-2-ylidene}-1,3-dithiole-4-carboxylic acid (1) and 2-{5-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-[1,3]dithiolo[4,5-d][1,3]dithiol-2-ylidene}-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (2) have been synthesized. The electronic structure of 1 and 2 was examined from their optical absorption spectra and using density-functional calculations.     

Binary adduct formation of desipramine with dicarboxylic acids

This paper presents the results obtained in a screening study for binary adduct formation of desipramine with three dicarboxylic acids—namely succinic, malonic and glutaric acids. Adduct formation is important because most tricyclic antidepressants show limited water solubility as free bases. Three binary adducts were prepared using a wet kneading method in non-homogenous media in presence of ethanol. Investigations of the solid state (ATR-FTIR, PXRD) and thermal analysis (TG/DTG/HF) were used for characterization of the prepared samples. The corroboration of data from employed instrumental techniques suggests that binary adducts in molar ratio 1:1 were obtained under the used experimental conditions.     

层状复合氢氧化物的制备改性及其对热塑性硫化胶的阻燃作用

用氩载氨气泡膜限域共沉淀反应合成了层状复合氢氧化物(LDH)及其硬脂酸改性样品,与热塑性硫化胶Santoprene熔炼制成LDH/Santoprene复合材料,在EDS、XRD、IR和N2吸解表征的基础上,对LDH-Santoprene复合物的机械性能及燃烧性能进行了测试评价.结果表明所用合成方法能够实现小尺寸LDH微晶的快速合成与表面改性,微晶粒度及表面性能明显改观;改性样品对Santoprene有更好的复合效果和明显的阻燃作用.     

Organotellurium derivatives of dicarboxylic acids

The freshly prepared sodium salts of ortho-phthalic acid and tetrabromo ortho-phthalic acid react with diaryltellurium dichlorides in chloroform to afford new dimeric organotellurium carboxylates, R₂Te(C₈X₄O₄)₂ (X = H, Br). The new compounds contain fourteen membered rings and the detailed structure is discussed particularly in the light of the ¹H NMR spectrum of (p-EtOC₆H₄)₂Te(C₈H₄O₄)₂ which shows inequivalence of p-ethoxy groups. The sebacate derivatives of tellurium(IV) are oligomeric and iso- and terephthalic acids failed to give well defined products.     

Synthesis of ktenasite,a double hydroxide of zinc and copper,and its intercalation reaction

Ktenasite was synthesized by the simple method of mixing ZnO powder with CuSO₄ solution at room temperature. The X-ray diffraction pattern of synthesized ktenasite was very similar to that of mineral ktenasite. The lattice parameters were determined as a=0.559, b=0.616, c=2.374 nm and β=95.63°, which agreed comparatively well with those for mineral ktenasite. The synthesized ktenasite consisted of thin rectangular particles ranging in size from 2 to 4 μm in length. TEM observation suggested the formation of a super lattice structure in the a-axis direction and significant crystal growth in the b-axis direction. The intercalation reaction of sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaDS) with ktenasite showed that the intercalation took place accompanied by the expansion of basal spacing from 1.17 to 2.70 nm. The reaction progressed by the SO₄²⁻/DS⁻ anion exchange mechanism with the dissolution of interlayer [Zn(H₂O)₆]SO₄ salt.