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1.
Cobalt-substituted ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized with a narrow size distribution using reverse micelles formed in the system water/AOT/isooctane. Fe:Co ratios of 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1 were used in the synthesis, obtaining cobalt-substituted ferrites (CoxFe3−xO4) and some indication of γ-Fe3O4 when 4:1 and 5:1 Fe:Co ratios were used. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) verified the presence of cobalt in all samples. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) showed bands at ∼560 and ∼400 cm−1, characteristic of the metal–oxygen bond in ferrites. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the number median diameter of the particles was ∼3 nm with a geometric deviation of ∼0.2. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the inverse spinel structure typical of ferrites with a lattice parameter of a=8.388 Å for Co0.61Fe0.39O4, which is near that of CoFe2O4 (a=8.394 Å). Magnetic properties were determined using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Coercivities higher than 8 kOe were observed at 5 K, whereas at 300 K the particles showed superparamagnetic behavior. The anisotropy constant was determined based on the Debye model for a magnetic dipole in an oscillating field and an expression relating χ′ and the temperature of the in-phase susceptibility peak. Anisotropy constant values in the order of ∼106 erg/cm3 were determined using the Debye model, whereas anisotropy constants in the order of ∼107 erg/cm3 were calculated assuming Ωτ=1 at the temperature peak of the in-phase component of the susceptibility curve as commonly done in the literature. Our analysis demonstrates that the assumption Ωτ=1 at the temperature peak of χ′ is rigorously incorrect.  相似文献   

2.
La0.8Sr0.2Co1−xFexO3 (x=0.15, 0.2, 0.3) samples were studied by means of AC magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, magnetoresistance and 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry. Iron was found to take on a high spin 3d5−α electronic state in each of the samples, where α refers to a partly delocalized 3d electron. The compounds were found to exhibit a spin-cluster glass transition with a common transition temperature of ∼53 K. The spin-cluster glass transition is visualized in the 57Fe Mössbauer spectra as the slowing down of magnetic relaxation below ∼70 K, thereby showing that iron takes part in the formation of the glassy magnetic phase. The paramagnetic-like phase found at higher temperatures is identified below Tc≈195 K as being composed of weakly interacting, magnetically ordered nanosized clusters of magnetic ions in part with a magnetic moment oriented opposite to the net magnetic moment of the cluster. For each of the samples a considerable low-temperature negative magnetoresistance was found, whose magnitude in the studied range decreases with increasing iron concentration. The observed results obtained on the present compounds are qualitatively explained assuming that the absolute strengths of magnetic exchange interactions are subject to the relation ∣JCo–Co∣<∣JFe–Co∣<∣JFe–Fe∣.  相似文献   

3.
G. Remenyi 《Physics letters. A》2009,373(46):4278-4281
The charge density wave (CDW) dynamics of the quasi-one-dimensional conductor K0.30MoO3 shows two different regimes depending on the temperature: a strongly damped CDW motion above ∼50 K and CDW motion with almost no damping below ∼50 K. In a search for a characterization of this CDW behaviour, we performed thermal expansion measurements on K0.30MoO3 single crystals in the temperature range 4-250 K. In addition to the anomaly observed at the Peierls transition at 180 K along the [102] direction, an anomaly is observed at ∼50 K along the [−201] and [102] directions. The results are discussed in relation with the change in the CDW rigidity at ∼50 K.  相似文献   

4.
The magnetic properties of polycrystalline PrRh2Si2 sample have been investigated by neutron diffraction measurements. Antiferromagnetic transition with an anomalously high ordering temperature (TN∼68 K) is clearly observed in magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, electrical resistivity and neutron diffraction measurements. Neutron diffraction study shows that Pr3+ ions carry an ordered moment of 2.99(7)μB/Pr3+ and align along the crystallographic±c-directions for the ions located at the (0,0,0) and positions. The magnetoresistance at 2 K and 10 T is rather large (∼35%).  相似文献   

5.
EPR probed the zincblende (γ) to cubic (α) AgI structural phase transition in AgI at 423 K through two intrinsic paramagnetic centers: an Ag2+-based hole center (signal ‘A’) and an Ag0-based conduction electron center (signal ‘B’) associated with AgI nanocrystallites. Sudden drops in intensity (IPP), <g>, and ΔHPP observed at 423 K for pure AgI nanocrystals. Addition of Cu in AgI increases the thermal stability of the cation sublattice as seen from the increase in the transition temperature from 423 K (undoped AgI) to 453 K. Abrupt jumps in the number of spins (N) and reciprocal susceptibility (1/χ) observed at increased phase transition temperatures in Cu-substituted AgI relative to that in undoped AgI reflects progressively strengthened local bonding configuration of γ-AgI structure induced by Cu.  相似文献   

6.
Polycrystalline samples of electron-doped Pr1.85Ce0.15CuO4+δ have been prepared under different annealing conditions and investigated by means of X-ray-diffraction, oxygen content analysis, electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility and low temperature specific heat measurements. X-ray-diffraction patterns show that samples contain a single T′ phase. The superconducting transition temperatures Tcm taken with the onset of diamagnetism in magnetic-susceptibility measurements are 20 and 19.5 K for sample annealed in flowing Ar gas and in vacuum (∼10−3 torr), respectively. The data of the samples, which are annealed in flowing Ar gas, show clear evidence for an αT2 term at zero magnetic field in superconducting electronic specific heat, and are consistent with d-wave superconductivity. However, this behavior is not observed in the other sample, which is annealed in vacuum. These results indicate that different heat treatments affect the oxygen content, homogeneity, superconducting transition temperature Tc, superconducting volume fraction, and the superconducting pairing symmetry of Pr1.85Ce0.15CuO4+δ.  相似文献   

7.
The effect of doping of rare earth Pr3+ ion as a replacement of Sm3+ in Sm0.5Sr0.5MnO3 is investigated. Temperature dependent dc and ac magnetic susceptibility, resistivity, magnetoresistance measurements on chemically synthesized (Sm0.5−xPrx)Sr0.5MnO3 show various unusual features with doping level x=0.15. The frequency independent ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition at higher temperature (∼191 K) followed by a frequency dependent reentrant magnetic transition at lower temperature (∼31 K) has been observed. The nature of this frequency dependent reentrant magnetic transition is described by a critical slowing down model of spin glasses. From non-linear ac susceptibility measurements it has been confirmed that the finite size ferromagnetic clusters are formed as a consequence of intrinsic phase separation, and undergo spin glass-like freezing below a certain temperature. There is an unusual observation of a 2nd harmonic peak in the non-linear ac susceptibility around this reentrant magnetic transition at low temperature (∼31 K). Arrott plots at 10 and 30 K confirm the existence of glassy ferromagnetism below this low temperature reentrant transition. Electronic- and magneto-transport measurements show a strong magnetic field—temperature history dependence and strong irreversibility with respect to the sweeping of magnetic field. These results are attributed to the effect of phase separation and kinetic arrest of the electronic phase in this phase separated manganite at low temperatures.  相似文献   

8.
Low dimensional (LD) metallic oxides have been a subject of continuous interest in the last two decades, mainly due to the electronic instabilities that they present at low temperatures. In particular, charge density waves (CDW) instabilities associated with a strong electron-phonon interaction have been found in Molybdenum metallic oxides such as KMo6O17 purple bronze. We report an angle resolved photoemission (ARPES) study from room temperature (RT) to T ∼40 K well below the Peierls transition temperature for this material, with CDW transition temperature TCDW ∼120 K. We have focused on photoemission spectra along ΓM high symmetry direction as well as photoemission measurements were taken as a function of temperature at one representative kF point in the Brillouin zone in order to look for the characteristic gap opening after the phase transition. We found out a pseudogap opening and a decrease in the density of states near the Fermi energy, EF, consistent with the partial removal of the nested portions of the Fermi surface (FS) at temperature below the CDW transition. In order to elucidate possible Fermi liquid (FL) or non-Fermi liquid (NFL) behaviour we have compared the ARPES data with that one reported on quasi-1D K0.3MoO3 blue bronze.  相似文献   

9.
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical absorption spectral investigations have been carried out on Fe3+ ions doped sodium borophosphate glasses (NaH2PO4-B2O3-Fe2O3). The EPR spectra exhibit resonance signals with effective g values at g=2.02, g=4.2 and g=6.4. The resonance signal at g=4.2 is due to isolated Fe3+ ions in site with rhombic symmetry whereas the g=2.02 resonance is due to Fe3+ ions coupled by exchange interaction in a distorted octahedral environment. The EPR spectra at different temperatures (123-295 K) have also been studied. The intensity of the resonance signals decreases with increase in temperature whereas linewidth is found to be independent of temperature. The paramagnetic susceptibility (χ) was calculated from the EPR data at various temperatures and the Curie constant (C) and paramagnetic Curie temperature (θp) have been evaluated from the 1/χ versus T graph. The optical absorption spectrum exhibits bands characteristic of Fe3+ ions in octahedral symmetry. The crystal field parameter (Dq) and the Racah interelectronic repulsion parameters (B and C) have also been evaluated and discussed.  相似文献   

10.
Using the 2,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (bptd), we recently prepared [Cu2(bptd) (H2O) Cl4] and [Ni2(bptd)2 (H2O)4] Cl4, 3H2O in which the magnetic centres are connected through one diazine+one chloro and two diazine ligand bridges, respectively. These two compounds are the first examples that show null intramolecular magnetic interactions despite M-M distances close to 3.7 Å within perfectly planar edifices:Down to , [Cu2(bptd)Cl4(H2O)] is paramagnetic while, below Tt, half of the Cu2+ions interact, leading to residual paramagnetism of one Cu2+/f.u. Magnetic susceptibility measurements, EPR and pulsed EPR study indicate the original intermolecular nature of AF exchanges.[Ni2(bptd)2(H2O)4]Cl4·3H2O susceptibility obeys a Curie-law involving pure paramagnetism. Moreover, its EPR spectrum can be interpreted on the basis of virtual S=1 monomers. Below 70 K, Zero Field Splitting (D∼275 G) due to dipolar interactions without magnetic exchanges could be responsible for the LT spectra splitting. For both compounds, the thia role is suggested as partially responsible for the null-in-plane magnetic exchanges.  相似文献   

11.
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) investigations has been carried out on the new family of molybdenum doped vanadium sesquioxides (V1−xMox)2−δO3. The oxidation effects were monitored from the rate of paramagnetic V4+ created when the sample is exposed to the air. The effects of the oxidation time, sample temperature, and annealing at 1000 °C under a diluted hydrogen atmosphere on the EPR signal features are analyzed. The V4+ concentration in the oxidized samples is determined and the relaxation effects driven by the conduction electrons are pointed out from the thermal behaviour of the EPR line features. EPR spectra of all the oxidized samples also reveal a small ferromagnetic contribution strongly correlated with the V4+ content.  相似文献   

12.
Room temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra and temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility data have been obtained on bulk x(ZnO,Fe2O3)(65−x)SiO220(CaO, P2O5)15Na2O (6≤x≤21 mole%) glasses prepared by melt quenching method. EPR spectra of the glasses revealed absorptions centered at g≈2.1 and 4.3. The variations of the intensity and line width of these absorption lines with composition have been interpreted in terms of the variation in the concentration of the Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in the glass and the interaction between the iron ions. EPR and magnetic susceptibility data of the glasses reveal that both Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions are present in the glasses, with their relative concentration being dependent on the glass composition. The studies reveal superexchange type interactions in these glasses, which are strongly dependent on their iron content.  相似文献   

13.
Visible photoluminescence and its temperature dependence of La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 in the temperature range 138-293 K were measured. It was observed that the main broad band centered at ∼1.77 eV with the shoulders at ∼1.57 and ∼1.90 eV existed in the entire temperature range. It can be well fitted by three Gaussian curves B1, B2 and B3 centered at ∼1.52, ∼1.75 and ∼1.92 eV, respectively. The intensities of the peak B1 and B2 vary as temperature increases. In the entire temperature range, the intensity of B1 increases with increasing temperature, whereas that of B2 decreases. The photoluminescence mechanisms for La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 are presented based on the electronic structures formed by the interactions among spin, charge and lattice, in which B1 was identified with the charge transfer excitation of an electron from the lower Jahn-Teller split eg level of a Mn3+ ion to the eg level of an adjacent Mn4+ ion, B2 is assigned to the transition between the spin up and spin down eg bands separated by Hund's coupling energy EJ and B3 is attributed to the transition, determined by the crystal field energy EC, between a t2g core electron of Mn3+ to the spin up eg bands of Mn4+ by a dipole allowed charge transfer process.  相似文献   

14.
The monophosphate tungsten bronzes KxP4W8O32 (0.75<x<2) are quasi-two-dimensional conductors which show electronic transitions at a critical temperature Tc depending on the concentration of the alkali metal. The phase diagram shows a maximum at for x=1.30. We report specific heat measurements in the range 120-190 K. The thermal anomalies found at the transition temperature are larger than in conventional charge density wave materials. This corroborates that the transition is not a ‘pure’ charge density wave transition and that a structural transition dominates the instability.  相似文献   

15.
Single core stainless steel (SS) sheathed MgB2 tapes have been made by the powder-in-tube (PIT) method using commercial Mg and B powders in two series, one with nominal composition and the other with excess Mg. The electrical resistivity and susceptibility measurements have been carried out to evaluate residual resistivity ratio (RRR), the coherence length ξ(0) and critical current density JC(T) in these tapes. Detailed structural analysis of the core material has been carried out to correlate the superconducting properties with the crystallinity. In the optimized growth condition the MgB2 tapes exhibited an estimated JC of ∼1.4×107 A/m2 at 39.45 K in zero field and the zero temperature coherence length is found to be ∼68 Å. MgB2 tapes fabricated from starting powders having nominal Mg-composition have been shown to exhibit higher JC than those fabricated from excess magnesium composition of the starting powders. The strained lattice together with the presence of nanosized MgO inclusion having size smaller than the coherence length, are shown to be responsible for the observed higher JC.  相似文献   

16.
We investigated the crystal growth, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical absorption spectra of l-threonine doped with Cu2+. The quality, size and habit of the single crystals grown from aqueous solution by the slow solvent evaporation and by the cooling methods vary when the impurities are introduced during the growth process. The variations with the magnetic field orientation of the EPR spectra of single-crystal samples at room temperature and 9.77 GHz in three crystal planes (ab, bc and ac) show the presence of copper impurities in four symmetry-related sites of the unit cell. These spectra display well resolved hyperfine couplings of the of Cu2+ with the ICu= of the copper nuclei. Additional hyperfine splittings, well-resolved only for specific orientations of the magnetic field, indicate that the copper impurity ions in the interstitial sites have two N ligands with similar hyperfine couplings. The principal values of the g and ACu tensors calculated from the EPR data are g1=2.051(1), g2=2.062(2), g3=2.260(2), ACu,1=16.9(5)×10−4 cm−1, ACu,2=21.8(6)×10−4 cm−1, ACu,3=180.0(5)×10−4 cm−1. The principal directions corresponding to g3 and to ACu,3 are coincident within the experimental errors, reflecting the orientation of the bonding planes of the copper ions in the crystal. The values of the crystal field energies are evaluated from the optical absorption spectrum, and the crystal field and bonding parameters of the Cu impurities in the crystal are calculated and analyzed. The EPR and optical absorption results are discussed in terms of the crystal structure of l-threonine and the electronic structure of the Cu2+ ions, and compared with data reported for other systems. The effects of the impurities in the growth and habit of the crystals are also discussed.  相似文献   

17.
Gold-coated nanoparticles of Fe20Ni80 (permalloy) have been synthesized by a microemulsion process. The as-prepared samples consist of ∼5 nm diameter particles of amorphous Fe20Ni80 that are likely encapsulated in B2O3. One or more Fe20Ni80@B2O3 particles are subsequently encapsulated in 8-20 nm gold nanospheres, as determined by TEM and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) line broadening. The gold shells were found to be under expansive strain. Magnetic data confirm the existence of a superparamagnetic phase with a blocking temperature, TB, of ∼33 K. The saturation magnetization, MS, of the as-prepared, Au-coated sample is ∼65 emu g−1 at 5 K and ∼16 emu g−1 at 300 K. The coercivity, HC, is ∼280 Oe at 5 K.  相似文献   

18.
X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies on divalent copper ions embedded in KMgClSO4·3H2O single crystals have been performed at low temperature (123 K). The angular variation of the EPR spectra reveals the presence of two Cu2+ sites, which have different orientations. The spin-Hamiltonian parameters of this six-coordinated cupric ion have been evaluated from the EPR spectra at 123 K. The forbidden lines due to ΔmI=±1 transitions are observed in between allowed transitions. The temperature variation EPR studies have also been performed both for a single crystal and a polycrystalline sample. The ground state wavefunction of Cu2+ ions has been estimated and is found to be an admixture of d3z2r2 and dx2y2. The temperature variation of the EPR spectra reveals that Cu2+ ions exhibit dynamic Jahn-Teller effect. From the polycrystalline EPR data, the temperature dependent magnetic susceptibilities are evaluated and discussed.  相似文献   

19.
Two methods for the preparation of LaCoO3 samples were used: thermal decomposition of La-Co citrate precursors obtained by freeze-drying of the corresponding solutions and by a solid state reaction. Microstructural characterization was made by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). For assignment of the EPR signals, La1−xSrxCoO3 samples were used as EPR references. The LaCoO3 oxides prepared from citrates and by a solid state reaction were shown to differ in respect of the mean oxidation state of the cobalt ions, the specific surface area and the particle morphology. EPR spectroscopy reveals for ex-citrate LaCoO3 ferromagnetic Co3+ and Co4+ coupled ions. For LaCoO3 samples obtained by a solid state reaction, EPR permits detecting Co3O4 impurities only.  相似文献   

20.
We report here the structural, magnetotransport and morphological studies of Sb-doped La2/3Ba1/3Mn1−xSbxO3 perovskite manganites. Pristine material La2/3Ba1/3MnO3 (LBMO) shows two insulator-metal (I-M) transitions in the electrical resistivity-temperature (ρ-T) behavior. While the higher temperature transition (TP1) at ∼340 K is reminiscent of the usual I-M transition in manganites, the lower temperature transition (TP2) at ∼250 K has been ascribed to the grain boundary (GB) effects arising out of the ionic size mismatch between the ions present at the rare-earth site (La3+ and Ba2+). With Sb-doping TP1 shifts to lower temperatures while TP2 remains invariant up to 3% and shifts to lower temperature for 5%. Room temperature electrical resistivity and the peak values also increase successively with Sb-doping. Scanning electron micrographs of the samples exhibit a gradual increase in their grain sizes with Sb indicating a gradual decrease in the GB density. Shift of TP1 with doping is explained on the basis of a competition between double-exchange and super-exchange mechanisms. The overall electrical resistivity increases and the shift in the electrical resistivity hump (TP2) with Sb-doping is found related to be gradually decreasing GB density and the ensuing lattice strain increase at the GBs. The intrinsic magnetoresistance (MR) gets suppressed and extrinsic MR gets enhanced with Sb-doping. At T>TP1, the electrical resistivity is found to follow the adiabatic polaron hopping model whereas the electron-magnon scattering is found to dominate in the metallic regime (T<TP1).  相似文献   

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