纳米PbO2修饰电极电催化氧化性能的研究

利用旋转圆盘电极对纳米PbO2修饰电极的电催化氧化性能进行了初步的研究．实验表明由于电极表面PbO2晶粒呈纳米结构，使纳米PbO2修饰电极表面具有大的比表面积，高的表面活性中心，良好的导电性及宏观隧道效应，使得纳米PbO2修饰电极对苯酚有很好的氧化催化性能，用安培法测定了多种有机物在纳米PbO2修饰电极上的电流响应，实验表明，纳米PbO2修饰电极可以作为分析传感器用于有机化合物的测定中.     

流动注射安培法快速测定食盐中碘

报道了在酸性溶液中 ,IO- 3可被过量的I- 还原 ,FI流动注射安培法快速测定食盐中碘的方法。溶解于蒸馏水中的食盐样品 (30 μl)注入pH 1的 0 .1mol·L- 1NaCl + 1× 10 - 3mol·L- 1KI的载液中。自行研制的壁喷玻碳电极安培流通检测池作为工作电极 ,电位为 + 0 .2V(vs.SCE)。该系统和反向 (注入KI)系统的线性范围均为 1× 10 - 6 ～ 1× 10 - 4mol·L- 1,检出限为 5× 10 - 7mol·L- 1,相对标准偏差为 0 .8% (n =37) ,样品测定的回收率为 97.6 %～ 10 4 % ,采样频率 90样·h- 1。通过Bernoull恒流瓶可获得无脉冲载流。     

新型PbO2电极在测定COD中的初步应用

以新型PbO2电极作为工作电极组成三电极工作系统,以恒电位伏安法的原理测定电流值,并通过增大电位气泡更新法对电极再生,来阻止电极表面被污染,保证了测量的重现性,通过对葡萄糖标准溶液与邻苯二甲酸氢钾溶液COD值的测定,表明此法有好的运用价值。     

流动注射-聚中性红膜修饰电极安培法测定痕量亚硝酸根

在由pH6.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液,0.5mol·L-1硝酸钠及1.0×10-4mol.L-1中性红溶液组成的电解质溶液中,用循环伏安法以50mV.s-1扫描速率在玻碳电极上先后在电位-1.3～1.9V及-0.7～0.9V范围内扫描6周及15周,从而制得聚中性红(PNR)膜修饰的玻碳电极。在此修饰电极上,亚硝酸根在电位0.872V(vs.Ag/AgCl)处出现明显的氧化峰。据此并结合流动注射技术提出了安培法测定亚硝酸根的快速方法。方法的工作条件为①采样环体积20μL;②载流0.025mol·L-1磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH7.0)及0.5mol·L-1氯化钾溶液;③载流流量1.8mL.min-1;④工作电位0.95V(vs.Ag/AgCl)。峰电位值与亚硝酸根浓度在0.8～100μmol.L-1间呈线性关系,其检出限(3σ)为1.0×10-7mol.L-1。以浓度为4.0×10-6mol.L-1亚硝酸根标准溶液平行测定8次,测得其相对标准偏差为3.6%。用此修饰电极连续检测24h,其电流信号保持稳定。此方法应用于分析火腿肠及自来水、湖水等样品,所得回收率在93.0%～112.0%之间。     

纳米Cu_2O材料的合成及其修饰电极安培法测定多巴胺

本文采用简单的一步化学还原方法合成了粒径均一的纳米Cu2O材料并采用扫描电子显微镜对其形貌进行了表征。研究发现,在p H 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,采用纳米Cu2O和Nafion(全氟磺酸离子交换树脂)膜制备的复合修饰电极对多巴胺(DA)呈现出较强的电化学催化作用。优化实验条件后,建立了计时电流法直接测定多巴胺的痕量分析体系。在0.5~270μmol·L-1浓度范围内,多巴胺的阳极峰电流与浓度呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9980),检测限为0.17μmol·L-1,灵敏度为20.44μA m M-1且响应时间不超过3 s。该电极可有效屏蔽抗坏血酸(AA)的干扰,在20倍AA共存下仍能准确地测定DA。对含50μmol·L-1DA的溶液平行测定11次,相对标准偏差为3.3%,表明修饰电极的重现性和稳定性好。将该修饰电极用于模拟样品中DA的测定,结果令人满意。     

辣根过氧化酶溶胶-凝胶膜修饰电极与过氧化氢的安培检测

1　引　　言溶胶 凝胶法一般是以金属盐或半金属盐做前驱体 (硅酸甲酯ＴＭＯＳ、硅酸乙酯ＴＥＯＳ、钛酸丁酯等 )在水、互溶剂及催化剂的存在下发生水解和缩聚反应 ,形成ＳｉＯ2 三维网络结构。在成胶的过程中 ,若引入掺杂组分 ,可将其包埋于三维网络结构中。以二氧化硅作为传感器的工作平台 ,其优点在于它具有良好的坚固性、化学惰性、高的光稳定性和透过性 ,同时溶胶凝胶过程还具有纯度高 ,均匀性强 ,反应条件易于控制并易于实现多种产品构型等优点 ,可为各种类型生物传感器的开发和制作提供更多的机会和条件。辣根过氧化酶 (ＨＲＰ)是一…     

流动注射双安培法测定多巴胺

通过偶合多巴胺在铂电极上的氧化和高锰酸钾在铂电极上的还原,建立了一个不施加电压的条件下的流动注射双安培法直接测定多巴胺的新方法。以0.05 mol/L硫酸为载液,多巴胺的氧化峰电流与其浓度在0.8~160 mg/L范围内呈线性关系,线性回归方程为i(nA)=652.9C-239.2(r=0.9998,n=10),检出限为0.2 mg/L;RSD为2.86%(N=80 mg/L,n=14);进样频率为80次/h。本方法具有很高的选择性和灵敏度,样品处理方法简单快速,适于连续自动测定。用于实际样品的测定,结果满意。     

碳棒涂膜电极流动注射法测定环境水样中的阴离子表面活性剂

采用自制碳棒PVC涂膜阴离子表面活性剂电极 ,建立了测定环境水样中阴离子表面活性剂的流动注射电位分析新方法。电极膜最佳组成 :THDA DBS 5mg ,DBS 0 .4mL,NB 0 .3mL ,PVC粉 0 .2g;电极线性响应范围 1× 1 0 - 3～ 1× 1 0 - 6 mol L。以 0 .0 1mol LKCl溶液作载流 ,流速 6.6mL min ,进样体积 2 0 0 μL,分散管长 2 0cm ,采样频率 5 0～ 80次样 h。测定 1 0 - 3、1 0 - 4 mol LDBS溶液 ,RSD≤ 3 .1 2 % (n=7) ,回收率 88.0 %～ 1 0 5 .0 %。电极易制作 ,成本低 ,FIA流路简单 ,操作方便 ,且克服了直接电位法电位飘移大的缺点 ,有较好的实用性     

流动注射不可逆双安培法测定对乙酰氨基酚

对乙酰氨基酚(ACOP,扑热息痛)是一种常见的解热镇痛药,其含量测定对于研究药物的药理作用、临床疗效、合理用药、开发资源、质量控制等具有重要意义。目前的测定方法主要是国家药品标准中的紫外分光光度法[1]以及重氮化法[2],高效液相色谱法(HPLC)[3],气相色谱法(GC)[4],毛细管     

流动注射化学发光法快速测定化学需氧量

基于酸性K2 Cr2 O7在消解水体中的有机污染物时被还原为Cr(Ⅲ ) ,而Cr(Ⅲ )可以催化Luminol H2 O2 体系产生强的化学发光 ,建立了一种测定COD的流动注射化学发光法。本方法不需要催化剂 ,不需要长的消解时间 ,可以采用较低的酸度 ,适合于在线连续检测水体COD。本方法检测COD的线性范围为 2 0～1 0 0 0 0mg L ,检出限为 1 0mg L ,对 1 0mg LCOD的 1 1次平行测定的RSD小于5 %。方法已用于地表水样COD的测定。     

Ti/TiO2 Electrode Preparation Using Laser Anneal and Its Application to Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand

A method for Ti/TiO₂ photoelectrode preparation using laser calcination instead of oven calcination process was introduced. The prepared TiO₂ film was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and amperometry, and it was found that the prepared electrode mainly consisted of anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles on its surface and exhibited a superior photocatalytic activity. The electrode was employed as a sensor to measure chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the wastewater. The measuring principle was based on the photocurrent responses of the electrode which were proportional to the COD values. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the linear range was 50–2000 mg L⁻¹, and the detection limit was 16 mg L⁻¹ (S/N=3). This method was characterized by short analysis time, simplicity, low environmental impact and long lifetime of the sensor. Additionally, the COD values obtained from the proposed and conventional methods agreed well as demonstrated by the high significant correlation between the two sets of COD values (R=0.9895, n=25).     

Photoelectro‐Synergistic Catalysis at Ti/TiO2/PbO2 Electrode and Its Application on Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand

In this paper, photoelectro‐synergistic catalysis oxidation of organics in water on Ti/TiO₂/PbO₂ electrode was investigated by the method of electrochemistry. Furthermore, the results were compared with those obtained from photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. The method proposed was applied to determine the chemical oxygen demand (COD) value, Ti/TiO₂/PbO₂ electrode functioning as the work electrode during the process. It was shown that the method of photoelectro‐synergistic catalysis had lower detection limit and wider linear range than the methods of electroassisted photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. The results obtained by the proposed method and conventional one were compared by carrying out the experiment on 8 wastewater samples. The correlation of the results using different methods was satisfactory and the relative bias was below ±6.0%.     

Electrocatalytic Sensor for the Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand Using a Lead Dioxide Modified Electrode

An amperometric method that makes use of a nano‐PbO₂ modified electrode as an electrocatalytic sensor for the determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) is described. The sensor signal was observed as a result of the detection of the oxidation current due to electrocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds in the sample solution. This sensor responded linearly to the COD_Cr of standard samples in the range of 5–3 000 ppm and the detection limit was 2.5 ppm. When using the sensor to determine real samples, it displays short analysis time, simplicity and no sample pretreatment. The sensor was stable for over 20 days in real wastewater samples and has successfully been applied to the determination of COD in real wastewater samples.     

Amperometric Determination of Bilirubin with Flow Injection Analysis System

Abstract

The amperometric method using the flow injection system has been developed for the determination of bilirubin. Bilirubin is oxidized to biliverdin at the glassy carbon working electrode. The optimum conditions were investigated. Linear calibration curve was obtained between 1.0×10⁶ and 1.0×10^?3M, with a sampling rate of 20 samples h^?1 and a relative standard deviation of 3.2%. The limit of detection is 4.0×10^?7M. Interference of hemoglobin was not observed.     

New Determination Scheme of p‐Aminophenol by MnO2 Modified Electrode Coupled with Flow Injection Analysis

New determination scheme of p‐aminophenol by using MnO₂ as a preoxidant is demonstrated in this work. In the flow injection system, the p‐aminophenol is oxidized to quinoneimine by MnO₂ at up‐stream, which can be detected at a suitable reductive potential. After optimization, the linear range of PAP is started from 1 μM to 30 μM (R²=0.999), the estimated detection limit (S/N=3) is 0.28 μM. Two real samples are studied and excellent recoveries are achieved by using standard addition method.     

环境水中化学需氧量的FI分光光度法自动在线检测

本文将流动注射分光光度法用于环境废水中化学需氧量（ＣＯＤ）的自动在线检测，方法线性范围在０－１００ｍｇ／Ｌ之间，相对标准偏差＜２％以葡萄糖和苯二甲酸氢钾混合液制备标准溶液，对标准参考水样ＣＯＤ含量（Ｃｒ值）的测定结果表明两者有良好的相关性（Ｒ＝０．９８８０）对环境水样中ＣＯＤ含量的动态变化连续１０ｈ模拟试验，自制的在线过滤装置稳定，未发生堵塞现象；该系统可以较好地跟踪水样中ＣＯＤ浓度的实际变化     

Amperometric Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand via the Functional Combination of Three Digestion Types

The study focused on the proposal and experimental validation of an combined photoelectrocatalytic principle for chemical oxygen demand determination (combined PeCOD, PeCOD‐combined), which was functionally comprised of photon‐efficient thin‐film photochemical, photocarrier‐efficient electrochemical and conventional bulk‐phase photochemical digestion types in one single photodigestion process. The combined PeCOD technology was proposed mainly on the basis of the significantly informative work of existing photoelectrocatalytic COD (thin‐layer PeCOD, PeCOD‐thin), and could realize the three different digestion types on one single rotating photoanode. The three important operation conditions of rotating speed, applied bias and pH value were investigated and optimized, and a wide analytical linear range of 2.7–11 500 mg/L was consequently obtained during an approximately 5–110 min determination period, and a real sample analysis further validated the practical feasibility of the proposed PeCOD‐combined. In PeCOD‐combined the main organics digestion and signal generation occurred via PeCOD‐thin due to efficient UV utilization and excellent photodigestion activity.     

流动注射掺杂普鲁士蓝碳糊电极测定过氧化氢

在化学法制得普鲁士蓝(PB)粉末的基础上,用固体石蜡作粘合剂,将PB粉末和石墨粉按一定比例充分混合,制得掺杂PB的碳糊电极(PBCPE)。研究了该修饰电极的制备,电化学性质及对H2O2的电催化作用。该修饰电极在0.5mol/L的KCl底液中进行循环伏安实验,于0.2V(vs.SCE)附近出现一对氧化还原峰,扫速为30mV/s时,峰电位差67mV,重现性良好。采用流动注射进样,基于PBCPE电极成功实现了恒电位快速检测医用消毒水中H2O2的浓度。最佳检测电位为-0.3V,进样频率为120次/小时。响应电流与H2O2的浓度在0.08～3.2mmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.9994,检出限为2.4×10-6mol/L(S/N=3)。     

Fabrication of a Nitrate Selective Electrode for Determination of Nitrate in Fertilizers by Using Flow Injection Analysis System

A nitrate ion selective electrode (nitrate-ISE) based on pyrrole modification on a common pencil lead was proposed. The lab-made nitrate-ISE was easily constructed by pyrrole polymerization with nitrate ion as the dopant using cyclic voltammetry. The fabricated nitrate-ISE was then coupled with flow injection analysis (FIA) for an automatic system. The flow potentiometry provided working range of 1x10^-4 to 4x10^-3 mol L^-1 of nitrate and allowed sample throughput up to 50 samples h^-1. Linear regression analysis showed good agreement (r²=0.9961) with Nernstian response. This system was applied to determine nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate-N) in fertilizer samples.     

A New Approach how to Define the Coefficient of Electroactivity of Adenine and Its Twelve Derivatives Using Flow Injection Analysis with Amperometric Detection

We studied the electrochemical behaviour of adenine derivates (adenosine, 2‐aminopurine, 2,6‐diaminopurine, 6‐benzyl‐aminopurine, adenosine monophosphate, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, adenosine triphosphate, S‐adenosyl‐L ‐methionine, and synthetic derivatives AD‐3, AD‐6 and AD‐9) using flow injection analysis with electrochemical detection using a glassy carbon electrode. The influences of pH, flow rate and potential on the signal height of the studied derivates were tested. The optimal pH was 3, the flow rate of the mobile phase 0.75 mL min^?1 and the potential 1100 mV. Further, we attempted to characterize each of the studied derivatives by mathematical equations and classic analytical parameters. The lowest detection limit was estimated for adenine as 0.9 nM and 2‐aminopurine as 0.5 nM.