CdS纳米粒子的自组装单分子膜制备研究

利用疏基乙酸与草酸的混合自组装单分子膜成功制备了粒径分布均匀的CdS纳米粒子，并用SEM，XRD，XPS，PL对样品进行了表征。SEM表明形成在自组装单分子膜表面上的CdS纳米粒子的平均粒径约为45nm。XPS表明在自组装单分子膜表面形成了CdS纳米粒子。PL谱表明CdS纳米粒子在675nm有一峰值波长，我们认为这一发光是由表面缺陷造成的。     

纳米结构自组装和分子自组装体系

系统地总结并评述了纳主结构和自组装体系和分子自组装体系的最新进展,介绍了纳米结构自组装和分子自组装的基本概念,总结了几类自组和分子自组装体系的合成方法,例举了这类自组装体系的新特性及与下一代纳米结构器件之间的联系。     

磁性钴纳米晶的二维自组装

在两种表面活性剂存在下，采用高温醇还原，合成出单分散、平均颗粒尺寸为14±19nm，直径标准偏差小(～18%)的磁性金属Co纳米晶.利用x射线衍射、紫外吸收光谱、x射线光电子能谱及透射电子显微镜对其结构和表面价态进行了分析.并将磁性金属Co纳米晶自组织形成有序的二维(2D)六方紧密堆积结构. 关键词： Co纳米晶 单分散 自组装     

功能性CdTe纳米晶的合成及自组装膜的发光性质

以巯基乙酸为稳定剂和修饰剂,采用湿化学法合成了功能性CdTe纳米晶;用X射线衍射（XRD）、选区电子衍射（SAED）和高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）表征其粒度和形貌,制得的CdTe为立方单晶,近似呈球形,分散性较好,粒径约40-70nm;通过CdTe纳米晶与阳离子聚电解质聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵（PDDA）之间的静电相互作用,在石英基片表面通过静电自组装方法制备了多层CdTe纳米晶薄膜,以荧光分光光度计、UV-Vis和场发射扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测试手段对所得的CdTe纳米晶薄膜进行了表征;结果表明：所得CdTe-PDDA复合膜组装有序,分布均匀,该复合膜的荧光强度随着组装层数的增加而呈线性增强,具有良好的光致发光性,在554nm附近有绿色荧光发射。     

一步水热法在Al掺杂ZnO纳米盘上可控自组装合成ZnO纳米棒阵列

通过简单的水热合成路线,在没有模板、表面活性剂的作用和未处理的基底上合成出铝掺杂ZnO 纳米盘,并以纳米盘为基底自组装合成了ZnO纳米棒阵列.扫描电镜(SEM)观察到铝掺杂ZnO纳米盘的厚度为 200 nm,纳米盘的尺寸约为2 μm;纳米棒的直径约为150 nm,长约1.5 μm.通过不同生长阶段的形貌变化探讨了ZnO纳米结构的形成机理,表明自组装过程存在两个成核阶段.另外, 研究了铝离子掺杂对样品光致发光性质的影响.     

Co3O4 纳米棒的溶剂热合成及形成机理分析

以Co(NO3) 2 ·6H2 O为主要原料 ,H2 O2 为氧化剂 ,在油酸和正十二烷烃的混合溶液中 ,利用溶剂热技术于 160℃反应 10h ,成功地合成了Co3O4 纳米棒 .用X射线粉末衍射 (XRD)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM)和振动样品磁强计 (VSM)等手段对产物进行了表征 ,并对产物的形成机理进行了初步分析 .结果表明 ,产物为立方型Co3O4 纯相 ,优化实验条件可得到棒状Co3O4 ,其平均尺寸约为 2 5× 10 0nm .Co3O4 纳米棒的形成与微乳液的棒状结构有关 ,棒状结构的胶束是形成这种纳米棒的模板 .在室温下 ,产物的矫顽力 (Hc)为 3 5 3Oe ,剩余磁化率 (Mr)为 0 .4emu/g .     

CdS纳米带和纳米锯的热蒸发法的合成和光学性质研究

利用氢气辅助的一步热蒸发法,在镀有金膜的硅片上制备出大量的CdS纳米结构. CdS纳米结构由纤锌矿结构的CdS纳米带和纳米锯组成. 研究表明沉积温度对CdS纳米结构的形貌和尺寸具有重要影响. 用气-液-固和气-固复合生长机理解释了CdS纳米结构的形成过程.光致发光测试表明CdS纳米带和纳米锯均发射出波长为512 nm的很强的绿色发光峰,对应于CdS的带-带跃迁. 同时对CdS纳米结构的光波导性质也进行了观察和讨论.     

CdS纳米颗粒填充的自支撑多孔硅光致发光特性

为了研究CdS纳米颗粒填充的自支撑多孔硅的光致发光特性,选用电阻率为0.01~0.02Ω·cm的P型硅片,先采用二步阳极氧化法制备自支撑多孔硅,再利用电泳法将CdS纳米颗粒填充入该自支撑多孔硅中.采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱分析、X射线衍射分析、光致发光谱分析对所制备样品的形貌、相结构、组份及发光性能进行研究.实验结果表明:自支撑多孔硅内部成功填充了CdS纳米颗粒,该CdS纳米颗粒衍射峰为(210);CdS纳米颗粒填充的自支撑多孔硅光致发光峰峰位发生红移,且从570nm转移到740nm;电泳时间直接影响CdS纳米颗粒的填充量,导致相关的发光峰强度及发光峰位明显不同.     

振荡场作用下聚合物/纳米棒混合体系的自组装

采用元胞动力学和布朗动力学联用方法研究了振荡场作用下两嵌段共聚物/均聚物/纳米棒混合体系的自组装相行为.通过计算模拟,探讨了振荡场的振幅和频率对混合体系相形貌形成和演化的影响.研究发现振荡场对体系有序结构的形成和转变有重要作用,随着外加振荡场频率的增大,混合体系形貌从平行于场方向的条纹结构过渡到斜层状结构再转变为垂直于场方向的条纹结构.进一步分析了振荡场作用下体系畴尺寸的演化及纳米棒取向角的变化情况.研究结果为制备和调控聚合物纳米复合材料有序结构提供了新的方法和参考.     

金纳米粒子自组装薄膜的光谱学研究

采用柠檬酸钠还原氯金酸制备了金胶体，通过静电自组装制备了金纳米粒子薄膜，利用紫外-可见光吸收光谱等对金纳米粒子薄膜进行了光谱学研究，紫外-可见光吸收光谱表明所制备的金溶胶为单分散体系，根据自组装薄膜的X-射线衍射谱，由谢乐公式估算金纳米粒子的粒径约为21nm；X-射线光电子能谱显示氯金酸的还原反应比较完全，金主要以Au^0的价态存在，金胶体粒子通过静电吸引机制组装到PDDA改性的衬底表面；紫外-可见光吸收光谱和表面增强拉曼光谱显示，由于粒子间的电磁耦合，自组装金纳米粒子薄膜表现出协同等离子体共振吸收行为和表面增强拉曼散射效应。     

Solvothermal synthesis of CdS nanorods using hydroxyethyl cellulose as a template

CdS nanorods were solvothermally produced from Cd(CH₃COO)₂ and S powder using ethylenediamine (en) as a solvent and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) as a template. The phase with hexagonal structure was detected using XRD and SAED, which is in perfect accordance with the results obtained by simulation. SEM, TEM and HRTEM revealed the development of nanorods with a number of atoms arranged in crystal lattices. When the appropriate amount of HEC was used, the longest nanorods, with preferential growth in the [0 0 1] direction, were produced. Raman spectra showed the fundamental and overtone modes at the same wavenumbers of 301 and 599 cm⁻¹, respectively. Their relative intensities at each temperature were strongly influenced by the anisotropic geometry of the products. Photoluminescence caused by electron-hole recombination was detected at 470 nm, and by surface trapping induced emission at 575 nm. The formation mechanism of CdS nanorods was also proposed based on the experimental results.     

尺寸相关的CdS纳米颗粒的拉曼散射特性

采用反胶束法,合成了具有不同尺寸的CdS纳米颗粒。利用透射电镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电镜(HR-TEM)以及紫外-可见光吸收谱(UV/vis)对这些纳米颗粒的结构特性进行了表征和分析。利用拉曼光谱仪测量了这些具有不同尺寸的CdS纳米颗粒的拉曼特性。研究结果表明：当纳米颗粒尺寸小于一定值时,拉曼峰出现了蓝移,大于一定值时出现了红移,这些不同的结果是与纳米颗粒的尺寸效应以及纳米颗粒结构中具有各向异性的电子－声子耦合作用有关。     

Surface-defect-states photoluminescence in CdS nanocrystals prepared by one-step aqueous synthesis method

CdS nanocrystals were prepared by a simple one-step aqueous synthesis method using thioglycolic acid (TGA) as the capping molecule, and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), UV-vis absorption spectra and photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy. The effects of both TGA/Cd and Cd/S molar ratio on the surface-defect-state PL intensity of CdS nanocrystals have been investigated. It was found that all of the as-prepared CdS nanocrystals showed a strong broad emission in the range of 450-700 nm centered at 560 nm, which was attributed to the recombination of an electron trapped in a sulfur vacancy with a hole in the valance band of CdS. The surface-defect-states emission intensity of CdS nanocrystals significantly increased with the increase of Cd/S molar ratio, and showed a maximum when Cd/S molar ratio was 2.0. If Cd/S molar ratio continued to increase, namely more than 2.0, the surface-defect-states emission intensity would decrease. It was found that the surface-defect-states emission intensity increased with the increase the TGA/Cd molar ratio, and showed a maximum when the TGA/Cd molar ratio was equal to 1.8, and a further increase of the TGA/Cd molar ratio would lead to the decrease of the surface-defect-states emission intensity.     

Third-order nonlinear optical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified by CdS nanoparticles

CdS nanoparticles were coated on the side wall of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by a wet chemical synthesis approach via noncovalent functionalization of MWCNTs with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). The as-prepared material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis absorption, fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that CdS nanoparticles were uniformly coated on the surface of MWCNTs. Third-order optical nonlinearity of the as-prepared material was studied with the Z-scan technique with picosecond laser pulses at 532 nm. The Z-scan curve revealed that CdS nanoparticle-modified MWCNTs exhibited negative nonlinear refraction index and positive absorption coefficient. The real part and imaginary part of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility χ⁽³⁾ were calculated to be −4.9 × 10⁻¹² and 6.8 × 10⁻¹³ esu, respectively.     

Strong enhancement of band-edge photoluminescence in CdS nanocrystals prepared by one-step aqueous synthesis method

CdS nanocrystals were prepared by a simple one-step aqueous synthesis method using thioglycolic acid (TGA) as the capping molecule. The effects of Cd precursor concentration and the TGA/Cd molar ratio on the photoluminescence properties of the CdS nanocrystals were investigated. It was found that both the remained free cadmium monomers and Cd-(SR)_x complexes played an important role in the nanocrystal nucleation growth and surface reconstruction. CdS nanocrystals with desired surface state could be obtained at high Cd precursor concentration and low TGA/Cd molar ratio.     

Solvothermal synthesis of AlN

Abstract

Aluminum nitride is an important material due to its physical properties (electronic, thermal conductivity…). Different processes have been used for preparing such a material. The solvothermal synthesis is characterised by the use of a solvent in supercritical conditions in order to improve the reactivity of the precursors and to control the size of the crystalhtes. Using finely divided aluminum particles as precursor, a new process for the preparation of AlN has been optimised versus the thermodynamical parameters: pressure and temperature and the nature of the additive used for improving the kinetics of nitridation.     

Photo-induced CdS nanoparticles growth

A photochemical approach on the size control of CdS nanoparticles is presented. CdS nanoparticles were grown using the photo-induced reaction of sodium thiosulfate with Cadmium sulfate, in the absence of any surfactant. Particles of 5.5–11 nm were obtained by changing the illumination time. The dark growth of nanoparticles was negligible, however we found by optical scattering measurements that a ripening phenomenon occurs and the size of nanoparticles slightly increases with time.     

Simultaneous control of nanocrystal size and nanocrystal-nanocrystal separation in CdS nanocrystal assembly

We report an easy, one pot synthesis to prepare ordered CdS nanocrystals with varying inter-particle separation and characterize the particle separation using x-ray diffraction at low and wide angles.     

Synthesis of High Quality CdS Nanorods by Solvothermal Process and their Photoluminescence

Large-scale cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanorods with high quality were successfully synthesized by solvothermal method using ethylenediamine (en) aqueous as solvent. The as-obtained product was investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrum and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. The length and width of the CdS nanorods were in the range of 1–2 μm, 30–40 nm, respectively. XRD analysis revealed that the crystal structure of the product was hexagonal phase. Photoluminescence measurement showed that the nanobelts have two main emission bands around 470 and 560 nm, which should come from the higher-level transition and the intrinsic transition, respectively.