双光子共振非简并四波混频测量Ba原子里德伯态的碰撞展宽和频移

采用双光子共振非简并四波混频测量了Ar缓冲气压引起的Ba原子里德伯6snd ¹D₂谱线系的碰撞展宽和频移, 计算了n=16---33的碰撞展宽截面和频移截面. 本方法是一种纯光学的测量技术, 当采用窄带激光器时可以获得里德伯态的消多普勒光谱. 与传统实验方法测量到的里德伯态纵向弛豫的碰撞展宽不同, 本方法可以研究碰撞引起的两能态间横向弛豫的展宽.     

应用双非简并四波混频理论研究原子的碰撞效应

在己有实验的基础上,提出了由双光子共振非简并四波混频和碰撞再构非简并四波混频组成用于研究原子碰撞效应的双非简并四波混频理论,分析了缓冲气压、温度、共振失谐和碰撞展宽系数对双非简并四波混频谱线的影响.在由基态、中间态和激发态组成的级联三能级系统中,双非简并四波混频可同时研究碰撞引起的激发态谱线展宽和碰撞引起的中间态能级再分布现象.与测量纵向弛豫碰撞展宽的传统实验方法不同,本文方法是一种纯光学的相干测量技术,可以同时测量激发态与基态间的横向弛豫Γ_(20)和中间态与基态间的横向弛豫Γ_(21)的碰撞展宽.     

锶原子互组跃迁谱的实验研究

观测了热原子束中锶原子(5s²)¹S₀—(5s5p)³P₁ 互组跃迁的荧光谱和饱和荧光谱, 实验测定了不同的参量下 ⁸⁸Sr(5s²)¹S₀—(5s5p)³P₁ 互组跃迁荧光谱. 研究结果表明: 不同的实验参数(温度、激光光强、激光扫描频率)对谱线有较大的影响, (5s5p)³P₁态的长寿命特点导致谱线强度随激光扫描频率呈倒数关系变化; 由于Doppler增宽, 渡越增宽等因素的影响, 谱线线宽远大于其自然线宽且随激光扫描频率呈正比关系变化.     

锶原子三重态谱线的观测及在光钟中的应用

实验中通过互组跃迁689 nm激光抽运形成三重态最低能态原子布居,引入688 nm激光改变三重态最低能态间的原子布居,利用抽运光与探测光空间分离的方法观测碱土金属锶原子的三重态能态间跃迁(5s6s)³S₁ → (5s5p)³P_j(j=0,1,2)的吸收谱线,对应三条跃迁线的激光波段为679 nm, 688 nm和707 nm.探测三重态原子跃迁谱线可以用于锶原子冷却中再抽运光707 nm和679 nm激光频率的直接锁定,相比于通常利用的腔传递技术,可以把再抽运光频率锁定在原子跃迁谱线上,有利于提高锶原子冷却中俘获原子数目的长期稳定性.     

镁原子碰撞激发微分截面和Stokes参数的理论研究

基于相对论扭曲波理论方法,并利用新发展的处理极化电子碰撞激发的计算程序REIE06, 系统计算了中性镁原子基态3s^{2 1}S₀到激发态3s3p ¹P₁, 3s4p ¹P₁的电子碰撞激发微分截面和角关联(Stokes)参数,计算过程中系统地考虑了相对论效应、电子关联效应等. 部分计算结果与已有的实验和理论结果进行了比较,得到了较好的一致性.     

Cs 39D态Rydberg原子Stark光谱的实验研究

本文从理论和实验上对Cs39D态Rydberg原子在弱电场作用下的Stark效应做了详细研究. 理论上利用数值方法计算了Cs原子39D态的Stark结构;实验上,采用两步激发超冷基态原子获得超冷Rydberg原子,通过场电离的方法获得了39D态的Stark光谱,测量获得α^5/2₂,α^5/2₀,α^3/2₂和α^3/2₀相应的极化率分别为：62(7),－146(13), 73(6) 和－106(20) MHz·V^-2cm²,实验结果与理论相符合.     

碱金属Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs,Fr的ns2S1/2,np2P1/2,3/2, nd2D3/2,5/2 和nf2F5/2,7/2 里德伯能级理论研究

本文在多通道量子数亏损理论(MQDT)框架下,利用相对论多通道理论(RMCT),分别在冻结实近似、 考虑Δl=-1的偶极极化效应、Δl=+1的偶极极化效应、Δl=± 1的偶极极化效应、伸缩模效应以及同时考虑偶极极化效应和伸缩模效应等不同层次近似下,系统地计算了碱金属Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs和Fr七个里德伯系列的能级,即ns²S_1/2, np²P_1/2, np²P_3/2, nd²D_3/2, nd²D_5/2, nf²F_5/2 和nf²F_7/2.计算结果表明,电子关联效应对碱金属原子的里德伯能级的影响很大.总的来说,偶极极化效应比伸缩模效应重要,而在偶极极化效应中, Δl = + 1的偶极极化效应比Δl = - 1的偶极极化效应重要.但对于Na的ns²S_1/2,(nd²D_3/2,nd²D_5/2)里德伯系列的能级,和Li的(np²P_1/2,np²P_3/2)里德伯系列的能级,是伸缩模效应比较重要.     

重离子轰击Ta靶引起的多电离效应

在兰州重离子加速器国家实验室分别测量了H⁺, He²⁺, Ar¹¹⁺和Xe²⁰⁺离子轰击Ta表面过程中辐射的X射线谱, 并得到了Ta特征X射线谱中M_γ (M₃N₅)和N_αβ (M_4,5N_6,7)线的强度, 即I_γ和I_αβ. 分析结果表明, 强度比值I_γ/I_αβ 随着入射离子原子序数的增加而显著增加, 这是由于碰撞过程中Ta原子的多电离效应使M₃支壳层的荧光产额ω₃产生了显著增强.     

He2分子 b3Πg(v=9)态的预解离

利用光外差-浓度调制吸收光谱技术测量了b³Π_g～a³∑_u⁺(9,3)带在12065～12445 cm^-1的光谱,并研究了He₂分子b³Π_g(v=9)态与c³∑_g⁺ 态的预解离相互作用．基于He₂分子c³∑_g⁺ 态的ab initio理论计算势能曲线和b³Π_g态的RKR势能曲线,分析了b³Π_g(v=9)态的预解离机制,并计算了b³Π_g(v=9)态转动能级的预解离线宽,计算结果同实验测量基本一致.     

Ar+17和 Ar+16谱线的电子碰撞展宽

利用修改后伦敦理工大学的UCL扭曲波程序, 本文计算了自由电子与原子或离子的碰撞反应矩阵, 以此得到它的散射矩阵和碰撞强度.利用碰撞强度, 研究电子碰撞对辐射谱线影响.具体地, 以Ar⁺¹⁷和Ar⁺¹⁶的α线和β线为例, 计算了不同电子温度和密度下谱线的展宽和位移.     

Laser-enhanced ionization studies of the blue satellite band in the Ca−Ar system associated with the electric-quadrupole transition 4s 21 S 0→4s3d 1 D 2 of calcium

Summary The collision-assisted electric-quadrupole transition 4s ²¹ S ₀→4s3d ¹ D ₂ of calcium at 4575 ? has been observed using the laser-enhanced ionization technique for the first time. A blue satellite band due to the interaction of calcium 4s3d ¹ D ₂ state with argon¹ S ₀ has also been detected at 4527 ? which is shifted by 48 ? from the isolated atomic calcium line. The line broadening cross-section for the blue satellite has been calculated by measuring its collisional broadening at various argon pressures. Important processes involved in the generation of this blue satellite band are qualitatively discussed. The authors of this paper have agreed to not receive the proofs for correction.     

Cusp satellite bands in the spectrum of molecule

We report measurements and a theoretical explanation of the cusp-shaped satellite bands in the blue wing of the cesium D₂ resonance line which have been observed for the first time. The bands are identified as transitions where the upper state dissociates into the 6 ²P _3/2 + 6 ² S _1/2 atomic asymptote. The experiment has been performed using a standard absorption setup, computer controlled data acquisition and computer data processing. We have shown that the peculiar shape of the difference-potential curve is solely responsible for the spectrum containing the cusp-shaped satellite bands. The appearance of these satellite bands has been discussed and explained relating the theory of satellite bands to the catastrophe theory. The shape of the line wing and of the satellite bands have been calculated using the Fourier transform technique. To ensure a more stringent comparison between the experimental and the theoretical spectrum, we have analyzed and compared the derivatives of the measured and the calculated satellite band shape. On the contrary to the customary direct comparison between the measured and the calculated absorption coefficient, the derivative clearly shows all differences and resemblances between satellite band profiles. The degree of coincidence of the experimentally observed and the theoretically calculated satellite band shape can be used as an ultimate check on the assessment of the quality of potential-energy curves involved in the formation of satellite bands. Received: 1 October 1997 / Revised: 14 January 1998 / Accepted: 24 February 1998     

Theoretical studies on dielectronic recombination of neonlike gold and its effects on plasma ionization balance and radiation energy

The dielectronic recombination (DR) of neonlike gold ions is investigated employing the flexible atomic code based on the relativistic configuration interaction method, and its influence on the ionization balance and radiation energy in high-temperature plasma is also studied. The total resonance strength for LMM configuration complex is in a good agreement with the experimental measurement and other theoretical works. The DR rate coefficients are calculated and compared with the three-body recombination and radiative recombination rate coefficients. The DR process is the dominant recombination mechanism of Ne-like gold ions for plasma with temperature T_e≥6.5 keV and density n_e≤2×10²² cm^-3, which is close to the condition of X-ray conversion region in the inertial confinement fusion. Moreover, the DR satellite spectra of LMM, LMN and LMO resonances are simulated, and compared with the intensities of the corresponding resonance lines induced by the electron impact excitation. The intensity ratio of the satellite line 3D’ [(2p⁵_3/23d_3/23d_5/2)_J=5/2[(2p^{5}_{3/2}3d_{3/2}3d_{5/2})_{J=5/2}–(2p⁶3d_3/2) _J=3/2](2p^{6}3d_{3/2})_{ J=3/2}] and the resonance line 3D [(2p⁵_3/23d_5/2)_J=1[(2p^{5}_{3/2}3d_{5/2})_{J=1}–(2p⁶)_J=0](2p^{6})_{J=0}] is given, which can be applied for diagnostics of plasma temperature.     

Satellite line structure in NMR-ON on206BiFe and182ReFe

Nuclear magnetic resonance on oriented²⁰⁶BiFe and¹⁸²ReFe has been measured using recoil implanted samples. Clearly resolved satellite structures were found for both systems. By annealing at an appropriate temperature, the resonance width was reduced. The satellite line structure for¹⁸²ReFe was studied with various annealing temperatures. The ratio of the resonance strength changed with the annealing temperature. The resonances for¹⁸²ReFe were also measured in external magnetic fields of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 T. The resonance frequencies for the satellite structure at an external magnetic field of 0.2 T were determined:v ₁=691.7(3),v ₂=684.4(2),v ₃=687.2(2) MHz for²⁰⁶BiFe;v ₁=231.15(5),v ₂=230.20(5) for¹⁸²ReFe. The origin of the satellite structure is discussed. The effective relaxation time of¹⁸²ReFe at 8 mK and external magnetic field of 0.2 T was determined to be 18.6(6) s using a single-exponential fit.     

布里渊增强非简并四波混频

在CS₂介质中观测到由声波引起的布里渊增强非简并四波混频(NFWM)和由分子取向栅产生的瑞利型NFWM.研究发现,分子取向栅与声波之间并不是相互独立的,声波的存在会破坏瑞利型NFWM和布里渊增强NFWM极化之间的相位关系. 关键词： 四波混频 布里渊散射 瑞利散射     

Ultrahigh-resolution saturation spectroscopy using slow molecules in an external cell

We present the narrowest molecular lines so far recorded in the 10 µm spectral region. A linewidth of 80 Hz (HWHM) has been obtained for theP(39)A ₁ ³ (–) line of OsO₄, by selecting slow molecules (T _eff=0.6 K) in saturation spectroscopy at low laser fields (30 nW) and low pressures (2 × 10^–6 Torr). In these conditions, the contribution of the fast molecules is greatly reduced because of the finite size of the beam. This method, applied previously to methane at 3.39 µm, is used for the first time in an external cell and improves by a factor 8 the best resolution of our spectrometer. Heterodyne detection and double frequency modulation have been necessary to extract a signal at a contrast of only 10^–6. The physical ideas concerning this regime are described and a detailed analysis of the line shape is given.     

On the relation between x-dependences of the higher-twist contribution to F 3 and g 1 p -g 1 n

We compare the higher-twist (HT) contribution to the unpolarized structure function F ₃ with its contribution to the nonsinglet combination g ₁ ^p -g ₁ ⁿ of the polarized proton and neutron structure functions using the assumption that the HT contributions to the Gross-Llewellyn Smith and the Bjorken sum rules are similar. We have found that the relation is valid for x≥0.1 and for x≥0.2 in the case of LO and NLO QCD approximations, respectively. The text was submitted by the author in English.     

2p3/2?13x?1?3x?13d?1 X-ray satellites spectra in the Lα1 region of 4d transition elements

The X-ray satellite spectra arising due to 2p _3/2 ⁻¹3x ⁻¹−3x ⁻¹3d ⁻¹ (x ≡ s, p, d) transition array, in elements with Z = 40 to 48, have been calculated, using available Hartree-Fock-Slater (HFS) data on 1s ⁻¹−2p ⁻¹ 3x ⁻ and 2p _3/2 ⁻¹−3x ⁻¹,3x ⁻¹ Auger transition energies. The relative intensities of all the possible transitions have been estimated by considering cross — sections for the Auger transitions simultaneous to a hole creation and then distributing statistically the total cross sections for initial two hole states 2p _3/2 ⁻¹−3x ⁻¹ amongst various allowed transitions from these initial states to 3x ⁻¹ 3d ⁻¹ final states by Coster-Kronig (CK) and shake off processes. In both these processes initial single hole creation is the prime phenomenon. Each transition has been assumed to give rise to a Gaussian line and the overall spectrum has been computed as the sum of these Gaussian curves. The calculated spectra have been compared with the measured satellite energies in Lα₁ spectra. Their intense peaks have been identified as the observed satellite lines. The peaks in the theoretical satellite spectra were identified as the experimentally reported satellites α₃, α₄ and α₅, which lie on the high-energy side of the Lα₁ dipole line.     

2p3/2−13x−1–3x−13d3/2−1 x‐ray satellites in the Lα2 region

The energies and intensities of the various transitions corresponding to the transition scheme 2p_3/2^?13x^?1–3x^?13d_3/2^?1 (i.e. L₃M_x–M_xM₄) were used to compute theoretical Lα₂ satellite spectra in 13 elements in the atomic number range of 62 ≤ Z ≤ 90. The energies were calculated using available HFS data on K–LM and L–MM transition energies. The intensities of all the possible transitions were estimated by considering cross‐sections for the Auger transitions simultaneous to a hole creation and then distributing statistically the total cross‐sections for initial two‐hole states 2p_3/2^?13x^?1 (L₃M_x) amongst various allowed transitions from these initial states to 3x^?13d_3/2^?1 (M_xM₄) final states. Each transition was assumed to give rise to a Gaussian line and the overall spectrum was computed as the sum of these Gaussian curves. The calculated spectra were compared with the available measured Lα satellite spectra. The peaks in the theoretical satellite spectra were identified as the experimentally reported satellites Lα_s, La₁₃, La₁₄ and La₁₇, which lie on the high‐energy side of the Lα₂ dipole line. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influencing the satellite transitions of half-integer quadrupolar nuclei for the enhancement of magic angle spinning spectra

Double frequency sweeps can induce spin transitions in a set of satellites of a half-integer quadrupolar nucleus by simultaneously passing through resonance for a satellite pair. It is shown that by transferring population from the outer spin levels to the inner |1/2 and |−1/2 levels an increased intensity for central transition spectra is obtained. Although Magic Angle Spinning in principle interferes with this process, and the adiabaticity of the passages is different for every crystallite in a powder, enhanced spectra with undistorted line shapes are obtained for I=3/2 (²³Na) and 5/2 (²⁷Al) spins experiencing quadrupolar interactions with ω_Q in the range 0.1–3 MHz. Even at spinning speeds up to 30 kHz significant enhancements are obtained. An analysis of the combined effects of double frequency sweeps (DFS) and MAS indeed shows strongly different effects for different crystallites in powder ranging from no gain at all to the theoretical maximum gain of 2I. As the effects are randomly distributed over all orientations on a sphere this is averaged over the whole line shape. Therefore, undistorted powder patterns are obtained enhanced by the average gain over the individual crystallites. Saturation of the satellite transitions, which can only be achieved if spin–spin relaxation is sufficiently strong, leads to identical results. Optimization of the sweeps should be toward an optimal effect on the population transfer to the central levels and chosen short with respect to spin–lattice relaxation times.