匹配干涉结构对远程光纤传感系统噪声的影响

研究了采用内调制相位产生载波（PGC）解调的匹配干涉型光纤传感系统中匹配干涉结构对传输光纤拾音噪声的影响。结果表明：当补偿干涉仪与传感部分相邻时,光学微分效应的作用可大幅度降低由传输光纤光路拾音引入的相位调制噪声;匹配光程差的增加不仅加剧了光频噪声向相位噪声的转换,同时也会影响相位调制噪声的转换幅度。通过设计合适的匹配光程差,并将补偿干涉仪进行有效屏蔽后与传感部分相邻放置,可以有效减小系统的相位噪声。研究成果为光纤传感远程传输系统的综合设计及噪声抑制技术提供了理论及实验基础,具有一定的参考意义。     

光纤水听器远程全光放大系统相位噪声研究

光功率冗余不足及相位噪声增加是制约光纤水听器传输距离及探测性能的关键因素。基于光纤水听器全光模拟传输系统，建立远程放大相位噪声模型，设计大有效面积低损耗光纤组合传输链路，在100 km传输4波分×8时分复用系统中，远程放大引入的相位噪声仅为-98.1 dB@1 kHz(1 kHz为频率)，优于常规单模光纤4.3 dB，模型的有效性得到了验证。将模型应用于150 km传输系统，对远程增益单元位置进行优化，获得了-93.2 dB@1 kHz的远程放大噪声性能。所提噪声模型及优化方法可应用于不带电中继的光纤水听器系统设计及研制中，对增大全光传输距离及提升远程探测性能具有重要意义。     

基于法拉第旋镜的干涉型光纤传感系统偏振相位噪声特性研究

偏振诱导信号衰落现象的抑制是干涉型光纤传感系统的关键技术之一. 针对法拉第旋镜(FRM)法抑制偏振诱导信号衰落技术的残留偏振相位噪声问题进行了深入的理论和实验研究. 运用琼斯矩阵法建立了基于法拉第旋镜的干涉型光纤传感系统偏振相位噪声的理论模型; 分析了影响系统偏振相位噪声的主要原因: 法拉第旋镜的旋光角度偏差、入射光偏振态调制度、干涉仪两臂光纤双折射; 提出了相应的抑制偏振相位噪声的方法. 详细仿真分析了入射光偏振态调制度对干涉型光纤传感系统偏振相位噪声的影响, 仿真分析得出若法拉第旋镜旋光角度偏差为最大工艺制造误差1°, 当入射光偏振态调制度为1.84 rad时, 系统可能出现的最大偏振相位噪声为0.0815 rad. 最后, 搭建了基于M-Z型偏振态调制器的偏振相位噪声测试系统, 测试了在传输光纤受到外界偏振扰动的情况下, 干涉传感系统存在的偏振相位噪声, 实验测试结果与理论分析结果基本一致, 有力地证明了该偏振相位噪声理论分析模型的正确性.     

光纤光栅温度传感的非线性现象

对光纤光栅温度传感反射波长相对漂移量与温度改变量的非线性问题进行了详细研究.通过对实验曲线的多项式拟合,求出了光纤光栅反射中心波长相对漂移量Δλ_C/λ_C与温度改变量ΔT的解析式,用对比法得到了温度灵敏度系数η表达式.取样计算表明:多项式能更好地反映Δλ_C/λ_C与ΔT的关系,证明了温度灵敏度系数η不是常量,而是随温度增加缓慢增大.     

干涉型光纤传感器中非理想3×3耦合器对相位解调的影响分析

深入研究了非理想3×3耦合器对相位解调结果的影响,理论分析了非理想相位条件下的解调结果。仿真计算了相位偏差在±1～5°均匀分布时解调结果与原始结果的相关系数,分析了干涉信号存在幅度噪声时对解调结果的影响。对于特定的系统,相位偏差在解调结果中引入了一个常数系数,相位偏差在±1～5°均匀分布时常数系数的均值分别为0.9999、0.9996、0.9991、0.9984和0.9975。干涉信号的幅度噪声会明显恶化解调算法的性能,为保证解调信号与原始信号相关系数在0.99以上,需要控制干涉信号的幅度噪声水平在6.4%以内。     

基于相位解调的双光束薄膜干涉型光纤传声器

针对基于相位解调的双光束薄膜干涉型光纤传声器的特性展开了研究,仿真分析了三路信号的直流分项、交流分项以及相位差对双光束薄膜干涉型光纤传声器输出性能的影响。采用对比法,并通过实验研究了基于相位解调的双光束薄膜干涉型光纤传声器的输出特性,实现了灵敏度为193 mV/Pa@1 kHz、频率响应为200 Hz～4 kHz@±3 dB的声信号测量。本研究能够很好地应用于声探测、语音识别等领域。     

用于海洋水位监测的干涉式光纤水位传感系统

为了实现海洋水位实时监测以进行有效的海啸预警,提出了一种全光纤干涉式水位传感系统.针对海洋水位变化范围大、变化速度快的特点,采用基于双准直器对准的改进式干涉结构和线性调频相位解调方法,以实现对海洋水位值的大量程、高精度、快响应测量.实验结果表明该水位传感系统的可测量程为0～109.14m,测量精度达±1cm,可实现0.01s的响应时间,具有较好的实时性.该系统对海洋水位监测、海啸预警具有十分积极的意义.     

相位敏感光时域反射分布式光纤传感技术

由于散射光的相位变化对外部扰动极其敏感,相位敏感光时域反射(Φ-OTDR)技术具有高响应速度、超高灵敏等特点.相比现有的其他分布式光纤传感技术,Φ-OTDR技术在环境适应性与光缆布设的便捷性方面有明显的优势.本文介绍Φ-OTDR系统的原理、结构、性能及应用情况,并对其发展趋势进行展望.     

Stimulated Brillouin scattering-induced phase noise in an interferometric fiber sensing system

Stimulated Brillouin scattering-induced phase noise is harmful to interferometric fiber sensing systems. The localized fluctuating model is used to study the intensity noise caused by the stimulated Brillouin scattering in a single-mode fiber. The phase noise structure is analyzed for an interferometric fiber sensing system, and an unbalanced Michelson interferometer with an optical path difference of 1 m, as well as the phase-generated carrier technique, is used to measure the phase noise. It is found that the phase noise is small when the input power is below the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold, increases dramatically at first and then gradually becomes flat when the input power is above the threshold, which is similar to the variation in relative intensity noise. It can be inferred that the increase in phase noise is mainly due to the broadening of the laser linewidth caused by stimulated Brillouin scattering, which is verified through linewidth measurements in the absence and presence of the stimulated Brillouin scattering.     

Stimulated Brillouin scattering-induced phase noise in an interferometric fiber sensing system

Stimulated Brillouin scattering-induced phase noise is harmful to interferometric fiber sensing systems.The localized fluctuating model is used to study the intensity noise caused by the stimulated Brillouin scattering in a single-mode fiber.The phase noise structure is analyzed for an interferometric fiber sensing system,and an unbalanced Michelson interferometer with an optical path difference of 1 m,as well as the phase-generated carrier technique,is used to measure the phase noise.It is found that the phase noise is small when the input power is below the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold,increases dramatically at first and then gradually becomes flat when the input power is above the threshold,which is similar to the variation in relative intensity noise.It can be inferred that the increase in phase noise is mainly due to the broadening of the laser linewidth caused by stimulated Brillouin scattering,which is verified through linewidth measurements in the absence and presence of the stimulated Brillouin scattering.     

非线性相位噪声对DQPSK调制系统性能影响研究

为了研究非线性相位噪声对差分正交相移键控（DQPSK）调制系统性能的影响,在理论推导非线性相位噪声数学模型的基础上,通过固定接收端信噪比不变,仿真分析了40Gb/s速率时DQPSK调制系统误码率随输入信噪比的变化情况。结果表明:与二进制差分相移键控（DPSK）调制相比,DQPSK调制对非线性相位噪声的影响更为敏感,当非线性效应较大时,非线性相位噪声将使系统误码率显著增大,严重影响系统通信质量。因此,当采用DQPSK调制时,必须考虑非线性相位噪声对系统性能的影响。     

光纤麦克风传感探头设计的理论分析

鉴于光纤传感器具有体积小、结构简单、灵敏度高、抗电磁干扰且光纤本身的低损耗、耐腐蚀和安全可靠等优良特性,将光纤传感器应用到麦克风中可使麦克风的体积显著降低而灵敏度和抗电磁干扰性显著提高。提出一种新型反射式光纤麦克风的设计方法,采用Y形单根多模反射式光纤传感探头结构形式,给出了光纤麦克风的系统框图。由光纤出射光场分布理论出发,给出弹性膜片在声场作用下,中心形变大小h与出射光光强调制函数I(Z″)的关系。根据实际应用中有关参数的取值,用Matlab软件模拟出膜片形变后变形量h与光强调制函数I(Z″)的关系曲线。     

An interferometric phase shift fiber Bragg grating sensing system with greatly reduced background phase noise

We presented an interferometric phase shift fiber Bragg grating(FBG) sensor, which inherited the advantages of FBG sensors, and, at the same time, the greatly reduced full-width-at-half-maximum bandwidth brought longer coherent length, higher sensitivity, and lower phase noise. Experiments show that at least a 7 dB reduction of phase noise can be achieved compared to FBG sensors interrogated by interferometer with the same optical path difference.     

强泵浦条件下光纤放大器相位噪声的测量

利用多抖动法对强泵浦条件下光纤放大器引入的相位噪声进行了测量。利用功率谱、积分谱对具体泵浦条件下的相位噪声特性进行定性分析,结果表明,泵浦功率越大,高频成分占的比例越大。利用结构函数定量分析相位噪声的变化特性,得出相位噪声控制系统的带宽需求指标。实验测得在71,181和230 W泵浦条件下,所需相位控制系统带宽最小值分别为830 Hz,3.1 kHz和10 kHz。     

Elimination of polarization-induced signal fading and reduction of phase noise in interferometric optical fiber sensor using polarization diversity receivers

Interferometric optical fiber sensor relies on the coherent mixing of two optical signals, which is strongly polarization dependent. The fluctuation in the input polarization to an interferometric optical fiber sensor can result in not only the variation of the visibility but also the generation of excess phase noise in the output. In this paper, the relationship between the visibility and polarization-induced phase noise coefficient is described and theoretically confirmed. The use of tri-state polarization diversity receivers to eliminate polarization-induced signal fading and reduce phase noise is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. The result shows that tri-state PDR that improves the visibility can reduce the polarization-induced phase noise and the signal can be correctly demodulated.     

低噪声环形腔掺铒光纤激光器的研究

分析了环形腔掺铒光纤激光器的输出特性,给出了稳态下的激光器输出功率、阈值泵浦功率和斜率效率的解析表达式,为激光器结构的优化提供了依据。搭建了全保偏环形腔掺铒光纤激光器,利用未泵浦铒纤中由驻波干涉和饱和吸收诱发的自写入光纤光栅的窄带滤波特性及反射波长的自适应特性,有效地解决了激光器的跳模问题。通过测量得到激光器系统的泵浦阈值为15.3mW,斜率效率为2.8%,输出偏振度为32dB。利用非平衡光纤干涉仪系统和相位产生载波(PGC)调制解调技术测得激光器的相位噪声为3×10-5rad/Hz~1/2(1kHz)。     

强度解调型光纤光栅温度传感实验

光纤光栅在工程上应用广泛,但由于存在解调系统复杂、成本高,尤其是需要使用光纤光谱仪等波长解调仪器,使得光纤光栅很难走入本科教学的实验课堂.本文提出了一种基于窄线宽DFB激光器的强度解调方案,极大地简化了光纤光栅传感器的解调系统,完全满足较高分辨率和实时检测的系统要求.合理安排的温度传感实验可以非常直观地展示光纤光栅的线性传感性能,使得工程化的光纤光栅传感技术轻松走进本科教学课堂,具有极高的推广和应用潜力.