Synthesis of the Anionic Fluororeceptors and Recognition Property for α,ω-Dicarboxylate

Anions, especially dicarboxylates, play an important role in chemical and biological processes,[1] dicarboxylates are critical components of numerous metabolic processes including, for instance, the citric acid and glyoxylate cycles.[1a]They also play an important role in the generation of high-energy phosphate bonds and in the biosynthesis of important intermediates.[1b] To date, several receptors containing different functional groups for selective binding of dicarboxylate anions have been reported.[2,3] However, the sensors based on the fluorescence emission for dicarboxylate anions are still rare.3 In this paper, we report the synthesis and binding properties of two new neutral anion receptors (1 and 2).     

A Facile Synthesis of Pyrrolidine Derivatives

The Amaryllidaceae alkaloids have attracted considerable attention for their interesting biological activities. [1] Many of these tyrosine derived alkaloids[2] incorporate a hexahydroindole moiety in the structural skeletons. New approaches towards the synthesis of hexahydroindole core have been a topical interest for the synthetic community.Herein we report an experimentally very simple method for the synthesis of hexahydroindole by aminocylization. Four kinds of N-substituted have been demonstrate to be effective to this cyclization. The results were summarized in Figure 1.     

Intramolecular Biaryl Oxidative Coupling of Stilbene Substrates by Vanadium Oxytrichloride (VOCl3): Facile Synthesis of Substituted Phenanthrene Derivatives

The biaryl unit is extensively presented in many classes of natural products, such as polyketides, terpenes, lignanes,coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, and many alkaloids.[1] It has long been recognized that an intramolecular oxidative phenolic or nonphenolic coupling reaction serves as the key step in the biosynthesis of these natural products, and the non-enzymic analogue of this transformation can lead the elegantly simple syntheses of these compounds.[2] During the last decade, a large number of oxidative coupling reagents, such as ferric chloride (FeCl3), phenyliodine(Ⅲ)bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA), lead(Ⅳ) tetraacetate [Pb(OAc)4], thallium(Ⅲ) triflouroacetate (TTFA), as well as vanadium oxytrifluoride (VOF3),[3,4] have been developed for this target. However, extensive application of this synthetic potential has been limited by low yields and unexpected side reactions usually encountered.     

Stereoselective Synthesis of C-Glycosides by Suzuki Cross-coupling Reaction

Carbohydrates and their conjugates have been recognized to play a wide variety of metabolic roles in numerous biological processes.[1] Various modified sugars and analogues have been recently synthesized for further investigation of glycosidase reactions and for the development of specific glycosidase inhibitors.[2] As one of the most important carbohydrate mimics, C-glycosides have attracted great attention due to their stability to chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis of the glycosidic linkage. A number of methodologies for the preparation of C-glycosides have been extensively investigated.[3] We have recently reported the syntheses of novel C-glycosyl amino acids and amino-C-disaccharides possessing a ketose form via the stereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of exo-methylenesugars (1) and nitrones.[4,5] As a continuation of our research on the synthesis of C-glycosides using exo-methylenesugar as the precursor, we wish to describe here a stereoselective synthesis of C-glycosides by Suzuki cross-coupling reaction.     

Cryptolepine Derivatives: Quadruplex-Interactive Agents as Inhibitors of Human Telomerase

Alkaloids are very important natural products. Most of them have biologic activity. Many novel drugs have been developed based on alkaloids, such as camptothecin, taxol, vinblastine. A series of novel cryptolepine derivatives were synthesized (Figure 1). The interaction of cryptolepine derivatives with G-quadruplex (Figure 2) was studied by CD and UV spectra.[1] Most of these compounds can induce the formation of G-quadruplex and stabilize the formed G-quadruplex, resulting in the inhibitory effect on telomerase. Most of these cryptolepine derivatives have potent cytotoxicity in vitro against human tumor cell line.     

Synthesis of N-Glycyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1,5-dideoxy-1,5- imino-D-glucitol

1-Deoxynojirimycin (1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-glucitol, DNJ) and its derivatives have been found to have a number of biological activities, such as anti-HIV, anticancer, anti-diabetic, etc.[1] N-Hydroxylethyldeoxynojirimycin (Miglitol)has been used as a drug for treating diabetic. N-Butyl-1-deoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) has show potent anti-HIV-1 and HIV-2 activity without cytotoxicity.[2] Recently, NB-DNJ has been approved for clinical trials as a potential therapy for some glycosphingolipid (GSL) lysosomal storage diseases, which belong to a group of severe and fatal human diseases[3]Therefore, it is very significant to study N-substituted compounds of DNJ.     

A Facile Method for Asymmetric Synthesis of β-Hydroxy-α-amino Acids

β-Hydroxy-a-amino acids are an important class of amino acids due to their inherent biological investigations[1] and as structural components of more complex biomolecules.[2] β-Hydroxy-a-amino acids have been used as intermediates in the asymmetric synthesis of other compounds.[3] An efficient and convenient concise method for the preparation of optically pure enantiomers of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids would be of general interest.     

Scaffold tailoring by a newly detected Pictet-Spenglerase activity of strictosidine synthase: from the common tryptoline skeleton to the rare piperazino-indole framework

The Pictet-Spenglerase strictosidine synthase (STR1) has been recognized as a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of some 2000 indole alkaloids in plants, some with high therapeutic value. In this study, a novel function of STR1 has been detected which allows for the first time a simple enzymatic synthesis of the strictosidine analogue 3 harboring the piperazino[1,2-a]indole (PI) scaffold and to switch from the common tryptoline (hydrogenated carboline) to the rare PI skeleton. Insight into the reaction is provided by X-ray crystal analysis and modeling of STR1 ligand complexes. STR1 presently provides exclusively access to 3 and can act as a source to generate by chemoenzymatic approaches libraries of this novel class of alkaloids which may have new biological activities. Synthetic or natural monoterpenoid alkaloids with the PI core have not been reported before.     

Synthesis of Novel Biologically Active s-Triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole Derivatives

Heterocycles bearing a symmetrical triazole or 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring system are reported to show a broad spectrum of biological activities.[1,2] The 1,2,4-triazole nucleus has been recently incorporated into a wide variety of therapeutically interesting drugs including H1/H2 histamine receptor blockers, cholinesterase active agents, CNS stimulants, antianxiety and sedatives[3] Coumarins are nowadays an important group of organic compounds that used as bactericides, fungicides,anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, anti-HIV and antitumour agents.[4,5] Keeping in view the biological importance of the above mentioned heterocyclic compounds and in continuation of our search for biologically active nitrogen and sulphur heterocycles, a series of s-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives was synthesized.     

Asymmetric Synthesis of α, α′-Disubstituted α-Amino Acids Based on Natural (1R)-( + )-Camphor

Optically active nonproteinogenic amino acids[ 1] are valuable compounds of high interest not only owing to their remarkable pharmacological and biological activities, but also for their role as an investigative topographic probe for bioactive conformations of peptides and the mechanisms of enzyme reactions.[2]     

New Synthetic Method of Azuleno[1,2-c]thiophenes

On the viewpoints of physical and chemical properties and biological activities, syntheses of a variety of heterocycle-fused azulenes have been repoted.[1] Of them, thiophene-fused azulenes were prepared by using different types of stating materials as follows. Azuleno[2,1-b] thiophenes are readily obtained from the reactions of 2-chloroazulene derivatives with ethyl mercaptoacetate in a few steps in good yield by Matsui[2] and Yamane.[3] On the other hand, the first synthesis of azuleno[1,2-c]thiophenes was accomplished by the reaction of 3-methoxycarbonyl-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan2-one with morpholino enamine of 3-oxotetrahydro-thiophene followed by dehydrogenation in poor yield by Fujimori.     

Calix[4]arene-Based New Neutral Sensors for Fluoride

The development of new receptors which can recognize neutral and charged species has attracted considerable interest in the recent past.[1] Anions such as fluoride, chloride, phosphate and carboxylate play crucial roles in a range of biological phenomena and are implicated in many disease states.[2] Investigations on molecular and/or ionic recognition by calixarenes and their derivatives as synthetic receptors have attracted increasing attention in supramolecular chemistry because of their modifiable structure.[3] However, calix[4]arenes-based neutral receptors containing thiourea and amide groups are still rare. In this paper, we report fluoride selective optical chemosensors 4 and 5, based on calix[4]arene thiourea and amide derivatives, which only show a remarkable absorption change in the presence of fluoride ions, while have no any change upon addition of other anions (Cl- Br-, I-, AcO- and H2PO4-). The association constants are 947 and 2883 mol·L-1, respectively. The synthesis of calix[4]arene derivatives 4 and 5 is outlined in the following Scheme 1.     

Design and Synthesis of 1-Benzyl-3-(a-hydroxy-(un)substituted benzylidene)pyrrolidine-2,4-diones as Potential Herbicides

The inhibitors of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD, EC 1.13.11.27) are an new kind of herbicides.[1]Generally, in structure, potent herbicides of this kind must possess: (1) a tricarbonyl methane structure and one of the three carbonyl groups must be a subustituted benzoyl group; (2) the compound must be able to enolise so that the enolate is capable of inhibiting HPPD enzyme by competitive combination with Fe2+, the reaction center of HPPD enzyme.[2]Recently, we noticed that the 3-acyltetramic acids form an expanding group of antibiotics and pigments from micro-organisms,[3] they display a range of biological activities[4] and all of this kind compounds possess all of the characters mentioned above. Tests of their antimicrobial activities indicated that the structure of the acyl substituent at the 3-position was important to many typical antibiotics.[4～6] These characters stimulated us to study this kind of compounds so as to discover new herbicides. In this report, we synthesized a series of compounds 3 and tested their herbicidal activities to investigate their structure-activity relationships.     

Synthesis of indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines by CF3COOH-induced cyclization

Indolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline alkaloids and related compounds have been known to have interesting biological activities, such as antileukemic and antitumor activities. We found that 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)indole gave 2,3-dimethoxyindolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline and 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetyl)indole gave 2,3-dimethoxy-6-oxoindolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline, respectively, by an intramolecular cyclization carried out in boiling trifluoroacetic acid.     

Asymmetric Total Synthesis of a Diastereisomer A of Tuxpanolide

α-Alkylidene-β-hydroxy butyrolactones have been attractive and challenging targets for organic synthesis in various laboratories because that not only they are rich in skeletal diversity and stereochemistry complexity but also many of them possess quite intriguing and wide biological activities.[1] A novel class of the phytane-type diterpenoid named Tuxpanolide, bearing α-alkylidene-β-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone skeleton, was isolated from Perymenium hintonii in Central Mexico by Maldonado and co-wokers in 1998.[2] Now we firstly report the efficient strategy of the stereocontrolled total synthesis of a diastereisomer A of Tuxpanolide.     

Three-component one-pot total syntheses of glyantrypine, fumiquinazoline F, and fiscalin B promoted by microwave irradiation

A microwave-promoted three-component one-pot reaction has been developed to provide access to the core pyrazino[2,1-b]quinazoline-3,6-dione (1) scaffold, which is common to several families of alkaloids with significant biological activities. By adapting this synthetic strategy through the use of selected Boc-amino acids and amino acid esters, we have accomplished highly efficient and concise total syntheses of glyantrypine (2), fumiquinazoline F (3), and fiscalin B (5), achieving overall yields of 55, 39, and 20%, respectively.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Salicylaldehyde-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone

Some phenylhydrazone derivatives have been shown to be potentially DNA-damaging and mutagenic agents.[1] In order to investigate the relationship of the biological activity and the molecular structure, a series of new phenylhydrazone derivatives have been synthesized and their structures have been determined in our laboratory.     

Structure, bioactivity and synthesis of natural products with hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole

Research on natural products containing hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole (HPI) has dramatically increased during the past few years. Newly discovered natural products with complex structures and important biological activities have recently been isolated and synthesized. This review summarizes the structures, biological activities, and synthetic routes for natural compounds containing HPI, emphasizing the different strategies for assembling this motif. It covers a broad range of molecules, from small alkaloids to complex peptides.     

seco-C/D ring analogues of ergot alkaloids. Synthesis via intramolecular Heck and ring-closing metathesis reactions

[reaction: see text] Intramolecular Heck and ring-closing metathesis reactions on key intermediates 10 and 15, respectively, provide efficient entries into seco-C/D ring analogues of Ergot alkaloids 12 and 16, compounds of potential synthetic and biological interest.     

A Facile Synthesis of Two Sesquiterpenes Methyl Ether

Bisabolane sesquiterpenes are a big family of naturally occurring products with significantly biological activities most of which can be separated from Chinese traditional medicines. Parahigginone (1a) was firstly separated as a bisabolane by Shen Y. C. et al. from the Taiwan marine sponges in 1999, [1] it shows very promising antitumor activity.[1] As far as we know, there is no synthetic report on it. Curcuphenol (2a) was a cytotoxic sesquiterpene which was first discovered in Pseudopterogorgia rigida[2,3] which has been synthesized by Frank[2] and Tsutomu[4] before. In order to study the relationship between the structures and the activities, we have synthesized parahiggi none methyl ether (1) and curcuphenol methyl ether (2) in six steps successfully, and the stereoselective synthesis is carried out in progress.