Very high-frequency gravitational waves from magnetars and gamma-ray bursts

Extremely powerful astrophysical electromagnetic(EM) systems could be possible sources of highfrequency gravitational waves(HFGWs). Here, based on properties of magnetars and gamma-ray bursts(GRBs), we address "Gamma-HFGWs"(with very high-frequency around 10~(20) Hz) caused by ultra-strong EM radiation(in the radiation-dominated phase of GRB fireballs) interacting with super-high magnetar surface magnetic fields(～10~(11) T).By certain parameters of distance and power, the Gamma-HFGWs would have far field energy density ?gw around10~(-6), and they would cause perturbed signal EM waves of～10~(-20) W/m~2 in a proposed HFGW detection system based on the EM response to GWs. Specially, Gamma-HFGWs would possess distinctive envelopes with characteristic shapes depending on the particular structures of surface magnetic fields of magnetars, which could be exclusive features helpful to distinguish them from background noise. Results obtained suggest that magnetars could be involved in possible astrophysical EM sources of GWs in the very high-frequency band, and Gamma-HFGWs could be potential targets for observations in the future.     

The spectra and structure of indium iodide: The rotational and vibrational constants of the B 1 state

The rotational constants of the B 1 state of indium iodide are reported for the first time as B_e = 0.037533 cm⁻¹ and α_e = 0.000289 cm⁻¹ while T_e = 25050.60 cm⁻¹ for the B1-X0⁺ transition. Accurate vibrational constants are also computed from measured Q heads as ω_e= 146.36 cm⁻¹ and ω_eχ_e = 2.20 cm⁻¹.     

Strong decays of P-wave mixing heavy-light 1~+ states

Many P-wave mixing heavy-light 1~+ states have not yet been discovered by experiment, while others have been discovered but without width information, or with large uncertainties on the widths. In this paper, the strong decays of the P-wave mixing heavy-light 1~+ states D0, D~±, D~±s, B0, B~±and Bs are studied by the improved BetheSalpeter(B-S) method with two conditions of mixing angle θ: one is θ = 35.3?; the other is considering a correction to the mixing angle θ =35.3?~+θ_1. Valuable predictions for the strong decay widths are obtained: Γ(D′01)=232 MeV,Γ(D01)=21.5 MeV, Γ(D′_1~±.)=232 MeV, Γ(D_1~±)=215 MeV, Γ(D′_(s1)~±)=0.0101 MeV, Γ(D~±s1)=0.950 MeV, Γ(B′_1~±)=263 MeV, Γ(B~±1) = 16.8 MeV, Γ(B′s1) = 0.01987 MeV and Γ(B_(s1)) = 0.412 MeV. It is found that the decay widths of D~±s1 and Bs1 are very sensitive to the mixing angle. The results will provide theoretical assistance to future experiments.     

High-resolution Fourier spectroscopy of 14N2 and 15N2 infrared emission spectrum: Analysis of the B′3Σu−-B3Πg system

The rotational analysis of some bands of the B′³Σ_u^?-B³Π_g system of nitrogen (¹⁴N₂ and ¹⁵N₂) excited in a microwave discharge and recorded under high resolution with a Fourier transform interferometer allowed the determination of molecular constants for the v = 0, 1, 2 levels in the B′³Σ_u^? state. Main equilibrium constants of the B′³Σ_u^? state for ¹⁴N₂ and ¹⁵N₂ are (in cm^?1) T_e = 5789.2178 (relative to B³Π_g (v = 0); ω_e = 1516.6239; ω_ex_e = 11.9721; B_e = 1.473 098; α_B = 0.01 664; ω_eⁱ = 1465.3549; ω_ex_eⁱ = 11.1783; B_eⁱ = 1.375 209; α_Bⁱ = 0.01 505.     

Scaling of the “superstable” fraction of the 2D period-doubling interval

The scaling properties of a “superstable” parameter interval, $\text{C}$, where the eigenvalues about a period-2n orbit are complex, are derived for 2D period-doubling maps. The ratio of $\text{C}$ to the whole parameter interval, between the nth and the (n+1)st bifurcation, is shown to be a universal function of the effective jacobian, B_e, only (B_e≡B²ⁿ, B is thejacobian of th e map). Unlike the whole period-2ⁿ interval, $\text{C}$ has a convergence rate that behaves as $\text{4.6692016×B}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>-1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}{}_{\mathrm{e}}$ as B_e↓), wh ile its complement has a convergence rate 8.7210972/4 as B_e↑1.     

BeCl分子电子激发态的多参考组态相互作用计算

运用含Davidson修正的多参考组态相互作用方法,在aug-cc-pVTZ基组水平上,对BeCl分子基态和相同多重度的几个低电子激发态进行了势能扫描计算.通过群论原理确定各电子态对称性及离解极限.将其中基态(X²Σ⁺)和第一激发态(A²Π})对应的势能曲线拟合到Murrell-Sorbie解析势能函数形式,得到基态(X²Σ⁺)的离解能及主要光谱常数(括号中为文献[6]提供的实验值)为D_e=3.74eV,R_e=0.18173nm(0.17970),w_e=857.4cm¹(847.2),w_ex_e=5.03cm^-1(5.14),B_e=0.7103cm^-1(0.7285),α_e=0.0059cm^-1(0.0069),第一激发态(A²Π)的D_e=3.02eV,R_e=0.18369nm(0.18211),w_e=832.7cm^-1(822.1),w_ex_e=5.93cm^-1(5.24),B_e=0.6953cm^-1(0.7094),α_e=0.0065cm^-1(0.0068),计算结果与实验值符合得较好.另外,通过Level程序求解双原子径向核运动的Schrödinger方程得到J=0时BeCl分子这两个电子态的全部振动能级.     

AsO+同位素离子X2∑+和A2∏电子态的多参考组态相互作用方法研究

采用包含Davidson修正多参考组态相互作用(MRCI)方法结合价态范围内的最大相关一致基As/aug-cc-pV5Z和O/aug-cc-pV6Z, 计算了AsO⁺ (X²∑⁺)和AsO⁺(A²∏)的势能曲线. 利用AsO⁺离子的势能曲线在同位素质量修正的基础上, 拟合出了同位素离子⁷⁵As¹⁶O⁺和⁷⁵As¹⁸O⁺的两个电子态光谱常数. 对于X²∑⁺态的主要同位素离子⁷⁵As¹⁶O⁺, 其光谱常数R_e, ω_e, ω_ex_e, B_e和α_e分别为 0.15770 nm, 1091.07 cm^-1, 5.02017 cm^-1, 0.514826 cm^-1和0.003123 cm^-1; 对于A²∏态的主要同位素离子⁷⁵As¹⁶O⁺, 其T_e, R_e, ω_e, ω_ex_e, B_e和α_e分别为5.248 eV, 0.16982 nm, 776.848 cm^-1, 6.71941 cm^-1, 0.443385 cm^-1和0.003948 cm^-1. 这些数据与已有的实验结果均符合很好. 通过求解核运动的径向薛定谔方程, 找到了J=0时AsO⁺(X²∑⁺)和AsO⁺(A²∏)的前20个振动态. 对于每一振动态, 还分别计算了它的振动能级、转动惯量及离心畸变常数, 并进行了同位素质量修正, 得到各同位素离子的分子常数. 这些结果与已有的实验值非常一致. 本文对于同位素离子⁷⁵As¹⁶O⁺(X¹∑⁺), ⁷⁵As¹⁸O⁺(X¹∑⁺), ⁷⁵As¹⁶O⁺(A¹∏)和⁷⁵As¹⁶O⁺(A¹∏)的光谱常数和分子常数属首次报导.     

Search for strong gravitational lensing effect in the current GRB data of BATSE

Because gamma-ray bursts(GRBs)trace the high-z universe,there is an appreciable probability for a GRB to be gravitational lensed by galaxies in the universe.Herein we consider the gravitational lensing effect of GRBs contributed by the dark matter halos in galaxies.Assuming that all halos have the singular isothermal sphere(SIS)mass profile in the mass range 1010h?1M?M2×1013h?1M?and all GRB samples follow the intrinsic redshift distribution and luminosity function derived from the Swift LGRBs sample,we calculated the gravitational lensing probability in BATSE,Swift/BAT and Fermi/GBM GRBs,respectively.With an derived probability result in BATSE GRBs,we searched for lensed GRB pairs in the BATSE5B GRB Spectral catalog.The search did not find any convincing gravitationally lensed events.We discuss our result and future observations for GRB lensing observation.     

Energy relaxation of two-dimensional electrons in the quantum Hall effect regime

The mm-wave spectroscopy with high temporal resolution is used to measure the energy relaxation times τ_e of 2D electrons in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures in magnetic fields B=0–4 T under quasi-equilibrium conditions at T=4.2 K. With increasing B, a considerable increase in τe from 0.9 to 25 ns is observed. For high B and low values of the filling factor ν, the energy relaxation rate τ _e ^?1 oscillates. The depth of these oscillations and the positions of maxima depend on the filling factor ν. For ν>5, the relaxation rate τ _e ^?1 is maximum when the Fermi level lies in the region of the localized states between the Landau levels. For lower values of ν, the relaxation rate is maximum at half-integer values of τ _e ^?1 when the Fermi level is coincident with the Landau level. The characteristic features of the dependence τ _e ^?1 (B) are explained by different contributions of the intralevel and interlevel electron-phonon transitions to the process of the energy relaxation of 2D electrons.     

MRCI study on spectroscopic and molecular properties of four low-lying electronic states of the BO radical

The potential energy curves (PECs) of four low-lying electronic states of the BO radical, including two ²Σ⁺ and two ²Π states, have been studied using the full valence complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method followed by the highly accurate valence internally contracted multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) approach in combination with the cc-pV5Z basis set for internuclear separations from 0.05 to 2.0 nm. The effect on the PECs by the relativistic correction has been taken into account. With these PECs, the spectroscopic parameters (T_e, D₀, D_e, R_e, ω_e, ω_ex_e, α_e and B_e) of two main isotopologues (¹¹B¹⁶O and ¹⁰B¹⁶O) have been determined. These parameters have been compared in detail with those of previous investigations reported in the literature, and excellent agreement has been found between the available data and the present results. By solving the radial Schrödinger equation of nuclear motion, 60 vibrational states for the ¹¹B¹⁶O(X²Σ⁺), 60 for the ¹⁰B¹⁶O(X²Σ⁺), 66 for the ¹¹B¹⁶O(A²Π) and 64 for the ¹⁰B¹⁶O(A²Π) are predicted for the non-rotating molecule. For each vibrational state of the ¹¹B¹⁶O(X²Σ⁺), ¹⁰B¹⁶O(X²Σ⁺), ¹¹B¹⁶O(A²Π) and ¹⁰B¹⁶O(A²Π), the vibrational level G(υ), inertial rotation constant B_υ and centrifugal distortion constant D_υ have been determined. Comparison with the available data shows that the present molecular constants are reliable and accurate. The ro-vibrational levels have been calculated for the X²Σ⁺ and A²Π states of two main species for future laboratory research.     

Gravitational radiation and the ultimate speed in Rosen's bimetric theory of gravity

In Rosen's “bimetric” theory of gravity the (local) speed of gravitational radiation υ_g is determined by the combined effects of cosmological boundary values and nearby concentrations of matter. It is possible for υ_g to be less than the speed of light. I show here that emission of gravitational radiation prevents particles of nonzero rest mass from exceeding the speed of gravitational radiation. Observations of relativistic particles place limits on υ_g and the cosmological boundary values today, and observations of synchrotron radiation from compact radio sources place limits on the cosmological boundary values in the past.     

Determination of the electronic branching ratio of the ϒ(9.46) and an upper limit for its total width

We have measured the reaction e⁺e^? → e⁺e^? at the ? Using athe excess of electron pairs over the QED expectation we obtain an electronic branching ratio of B_ee = (5.1 ± 3.0) %. Combining this with publishe values of the muonic branching ratio B_μμ we conclude that the ? is a narrow state with a total width < 180 keV at 95% C.L.     

Study of the η'→Ve~+e~- decay with hidden local symmetry model

Within the hidden local symmetry framework, the Dalitz decay η→Ve+e-is studied with the vector meson dominance model. It is found that the partial width Γ(η→ωe+e-)≈40 e V and branching ratio B(η→ωe+e-)≈2×10-4, and Γ(η→ρe+e-)≈10Γ(η→ωe+e-) and B(η→ρe+e-)≈10B(η→ωe+e-). The maximum position of the dilepton distribution is m e+e-≈1.33 Me V. These decays are measurable with the advent of high statistic ηexperiments.     

Noble gas halides: The B → X and D → X systems of 136Xe35Cl

The B → X (2870–3100 Å) and D → X (2250–2370 Å) band systems of ¹³⁶Xe³⁵Cl are photographed and vibrationally analyzed. A simultaneous least-squares fit of 41 band-heads in the B-X system and 35 in D-X yields, in part, the following constants (in cm^?1): T_eB = 32 405.8, T_eD = 42 347.9, ω_eB = 194.75, ω_eD = 204.34, ω_eX = 26.22. The ground state dissociation energy ($\text{D}$″_e) is estimated to be 281 ± 10 cm^?1. Potential curves are derived for all three states through Franck-Condon calculations. From these curves the D-state internuclear distance is 0.09 ± .02 Å smaller than the B-state distance.     

Neutrino Self-Energy and Index of Refraction in Strong Magnetic Field: A New Approach

The Ritus E_p eigenfunction method is extended to the case of spin-1 charged particles in a constant electromagnetic field and used to calculate the one-loop neutrino self-energy in the presence of a strong magnetic field. From the obtained self-energy, the neutrino dispersion relation and index of refraction in the magnetized vacuum are determined within the field range m²_e?eB?M²_W. The propagation of neutrinos in the magnetized vacuum is anisotropic due to the dependence of the index of refraction on the angle between the directions of the neutrino momentum and the external field. Possible cosmological implications of the results are discussed.     

Theoretical study of IR band intensities and electronic transition moments for the β and δ systems of NO

The variation of the electronic transition moment with internuclear separation has been calculated for the beta and delta systems of NO. Theoretical band intensities for the fundamental and first two overtones have also been calculated for the ground state. The results are based on the self-consistent-field plus configuration-interaction technique, and they are compared with the existing experimental data. Theoretical potential-energy curves and the spectroscopic constants T_e, r_e, ω_e, and ω_eχ_e for the X²π, B²π, and C²π electronic states of NO are also reported.     

Note on the Perihelion/Periastron Advance Due to Cosmological Constant

We will comment on the perihelion/periastron advance of celestial bodies due to the cosmological constant Λ. It is well known that the cosmological constant Λ causes the perihelion/periastron shift; however, there seems to still exist a discrepancy among the various derived precession formulae. We will point out that the expression $\Delta\omega_{\varLambda} = (\pi c^{2} \varLambda a^{3}/(GM))\sqrt{1 - e^{2}}$ is the general formula for any orbital eccentricity e and the expression Δω _Λ =(πc ² Λa ³/(GM))(1?e ²)³ comes from the nearly circular (e?1) approximation.     

A New Unified Dark Fluid Model and Its Cosmic Constraint

In this paper, we propose a new unified dark fluid (UDF) model with equation of state (EoS) w(a)=?α/(β a ^?n +1), which includes the generalized Chaplygin gas model (gGg) as its special case, where α, β and n are three positive numbers. It is clear that this model reduces to the gCg model with EoS w(a)=?B _s /(B _s +(1?B _s )a ^?3(1+α)), when α=1, β=(1?B _s )/B _s and n=3(1+α). By combination the cold dark matter and the cosmological constant, one can coin a EoS of unified dark fluid in the form of w(a)=?1/(1+(1?Ω_Λ)a ^?3/Ω_Λ). With this observations, our proposed EoS provides a possible deviation from ΛCDM model when the model parameters α and n deviate from 1 and 3 respectively. By using the currently available cosmic observations from type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) Union2.1, baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) and cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), we test the viability of this model and detect the possible devotion from the ΛCDM model. The results show that the new UDF model fits the cosmic observation as well as that of the ΛCDM model and no deviation is found from the ΛCDM model in 3σ confidence level. However, our new UDF model can give a non-zero sound speed, as a contrast, which is zero for the ΛCDM model. We expect the large structure formation information can distinct the new UDF model from the ΛCDM model.     

Experimental determination of the radiative lifetime of the 0, 1, 2, 3 vibrational levels of the B2Σ+ state in CO+

By observing the decay of intensity of vibrational bands of the B²Σ⁺ - X²Σ⁺ and B²Σ⁺ - A²Π_i systems, the lifetimes of the 0, 1, 2, 3 vibrational levels of the B²Σ⁺ state of CO⁺ has been measured. The values are respectively τ=(56.8±1.3), (61.6±0.9), (66.9±2.2) and (70.5±2.9) ns. The variation of the function R_e(r?) cannot be obtained from the lifetime values of the B²Σ⁺ state.     

Spin-orbit effects in the ground X2Π state and two low-lying excited valence states B2Π and L′2Φ for NO

The potential energy curves and spectroscopic constants B _e , ω _e , ω _e χ _e , α _e , D _e of the six Ω states (X ²Π_1/2, ? 3/2, B ²Π_1/2, ? 3/2 and L ^′2Φ_{5/2,   7/2}) of the NO radical molecule were calculated using spin-orbit multi-configuration quasi-degenerate perturbation theory (SO-MCQDPT). The spin-orbit coupling effect was considered via the state interaction approach with the full Breit-Pauli Hamiltonian. The spin-orbit splitting energy between the X ²Π_1/2 and X ²Π_3/2 states of the NO radical is 129.61 cm^-1, which agrees reasonably well with the experimental value of 123.13 cm^-1. For the B ²Π_{1/2,   3/2} states, the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) splitting energy is 35.99 cm^-1, the corresponding experimental value is 31.7 cm^-1. The SOC splitting value of the L ^′2Φ_{5/2,   7/2} states was calculated to be 103.2 cm^-1. The spectroscopic constants R _e , ω _e , ω _e χ _e , B _e , α _e , D _e are in reasonable agreement with available experimental and theoretical data for the six Ω states.