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1.
Current experimental data indicate that two unitarity triangles of the CKM quark mixing matrix V are almost the right triangles with α≈90°. We highlight a very suggestive parametrization of V and show that its CP-violating phase ? is nearly equal to α (i.e., ?−α≈1.1°). Both ? and α are stable against the renormalizaton-group evolution from the electroweak scale MZ to a superhigh energy scale MX or vice versa, and thus it is impossible to obtain α=90° at MZ from ?=90° at MX. We conjecture that there might also exist a maximal CP-violating phase φ≈90° in the MNS lepton mixing matrix U. The approximate quark–lepton complementarity relations, which hold in the standard parametrizations of V and U, can also hold in our particular parametrizations of V and U simply due to the smallness of |Vub| and |Ve3|. 相似文献
2.
We discuss three Hamiltonians, each with a central-field part H0 and a PT-symmetric perturbation igz. When H0 is the isotropic Harmonic oscillator the spectrum is real for all g because H is isospectral to H0+g2/2. When H0 is the Hydrogen atom then infinitely many eigenvalues are complex for all g. If the potential in H0 is linear in the radial variable r then the spectrum of H exhibits real eigenvalues for 0<g<gc and a PT phase transition at gc. 相似文献
3.
We analyse the phase diagram of a quantum mean spherical model in terms of the temperature T, a quantum parameter g, and the ratio p=−J2/J1, where J1>0 refers to ferromagnetic interactions between first-neighbour sites along the d directions of a hypercubic lattice, and J2<0 is associated with competing antiferromagnetic interactions between second neighbours along m≤d directions. We regain a number of known results for the classical version of this model, including the topology of the critical line in the g=0 space, with a Lifshitz point at p=1/4, for d>2, and closed-form expressions for the decay of the pair correlations in one dimension. In the T=0 phase diagram, there is a critical border, gc=gc(p) for d≥2, with a singularity at the Lifshitz point if d<(m+4)/2. We also establish upper and lower critical dimensions, and analyse the quantum critical behavior in the neighborhood of p=1/4. 相似文献
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By employing the higher (N>5)-dimensional version of the Wu–Yang ansatz we obtain magnetically charged new black hole solutions in the Einstein–Yang–Mills–Lovelock (EYML) theory with second (α2) and third (α3) order parameters. These parameters, where α2 is also known as the Gauss–Bonnet parameter, modify the horizons (and the resulting thermodynamical properties) of the black holes. It is shown also that asymptotically (r→∞), these parameters contribute to an effective cosmological constant—without cosmological constant—so that the solution behaves de-Sitter (anti de-Sitter) like. 相似文献
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We discuss space-time symmetric Hamiltonian operators of the form H=H0+igH′, where H0 is Hermitian and g real. H0 is invariant under the unitary operations of a point group G while H′ is invariant under transformation by elements of a subgroup G′ of G. If G exhibits irreducible representations of dimension greater than unity, then it is possible that H has complex eigenvalues for sufficiently small nonzero values of g. In the particular case that H is parity-time symmetric then it appears to exhibit real eigenvalues for all 0<g<gc, where gc is the exceptional point closest to the origin. Point-group symmetry and perturbation theory enable one to predict whether H may exhibit real or complex eigenvalues for g>0. We illustrate the main theoretical results and conclusions of this paper by means of two- and three-dimensional Hamiltonians exhibiting a variety of different point-group symmetries. 相似文献
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A complex symplectic structure on a Lie algebra h is an integrable complex structure J with a closed non-degenerate (2,0)-form. It is determined by J and the real part Ω of the (2,0)-form. Suppose that h is a semi-direct product g?V, and both g and V are Lagrangian with respect to Ω and totally real with respect to J. This note shows that g?V is its own weak mirror image in the sense that the associated differential Gerstenhaber algebras controlling the extended deformations of Ω and J are isomorphic. 相似文献
9.
We have studied the anisotropic two-dimensional nearest-neighbor Ising model with competitive interactions in both uniform longitudinal field H and transverse magnetic field Ω. Using the effective-field theory (EFT) with correlation in cluster with N=1 spin we calculate the thermodynamic properties as a function of temperature with values H and Ω fixed. The model consists of ferromagnetic interaction Jx in the x direction and antiferromagnetic interaction Jy in the y direction, and it is found that for H/Jy∈[0,2] the system exhibits a second-order phase transition. The thermodynamic properties are obtained for the particular case of λ=Jx/Jy=1 (isotropic square lattice). 相似文献
10.
We numerically study the dynamics of elementary 1D cellular automata (CA), where the binary state σi(t)∈{0,1} of a cell i does not only depend on the states in its local neighborhood at time t-1, but also on the memory of its own past states σi(t-2),σi(t-3),…,σi(t-τ),… . We assume that the weight of this memory decays proportionally to τ-α, with α?0 (the limit α→∞ corresponds to the usual CA). Since the memory function is summable for α>1 and nonsummable for 0?α?1, we expect pronounced changes of the dynamical behavior near α=1. This is precisely what our simulations exhibit, particularly for the time evolution of the Hamming distance H of initially close trajectories. We typically expect the asymptotic behavior H(t)∝t1/(1-q), where q is the entropic index associated with nonextensive statistical mechanics. In all cases, the function q(α) exhibits a sensible change at α?1. We focus on the class II rules 61, 99 and 111. For rule 61, q=0 for 0?α?αc?1.3, and q<0 for α>αc, whereas the opposite behavior is found for rule 111. For rule 99, the effect of the long-range memory on the spread of damage is quite dramatic. These facts point at a rich dynamics intimately linked to the interplay of local lookup rules and the range of the memory. Finite size scaling studies varying system size N indicate that the range of the power-law regime for H(t) typically diverges ∝Nz with 0?z?1. 相似文献
11.
We consider a Schrödinger-type differential expression HV=∇∗∇+V, where ∇ is a Hermitian connection on a Hermitian vector bundle E over a complete Riemannian manifold (M,g) with metric g and positive smooth measure dμ, and V is a locally integrable section of the bundle of endomorphisms of E. We give a sufficient condition for m-accretivity of a realization of HV in L2(E). 相似文献
12.
Let M be a connected compact quantizable Kähler manifold equipped with a Hamiltonian action of a connected compact Lie group G. Let M//G=?−1(0)/G=M0 be the symplectic quotient at value 0 of the moment map ?. The space M0 may in general not be smooth. It is known that, as vector spaces, there is a natural isomorphism between the quantum Hilbert space over M0 and the G-invariant subspace of the quantum Hilbert space over M. In this paper, without any regularity assumption on the quotient M0, we discuss the relation between the inner products of these two quantum Hilbert spaces under the above natural isomorphism; we establish asymptotic unitarity to leading order in Planck’s constant of a modified map of the above isomorphism under a “metaplectic correction” of the two quantum Hilbert spaces. 相似文献
13.
We demonstrate the emergence of non-Abelian fusion rules for excitations of a two dimensional lattice model built out of Abelian degrees of freedom. It can be considered as an extension of the usual toric code model on a two dimensional lattice augmented with matter fields. It consists of the usual C(Zp) gauge degrees of freedom living on the links together with matter degrees of freedom living on the vertices. The matter part is described by a n dimensional vector space which we call Hn. The Zp gauge particles act on the vertex particles and thus Hn can be thought of as a C(Zp) module. An exactly solvable model is built with operators acting in this Hilbert space. The vertex excitations for this model are studied and shown to obey non-Abelian fusion rules. We will show this for specific values of n and p, though we believe this feature holds for all n>p. We will see that non-Abelian anyons of the quantum double of C(S3) are obtained as part of the vertex excitations of the model with n=6 and p=3. Ising anyons are obtained in the model with n=4 and p=2. The n=3 and p=2 case is also worked out as this is the simplest model exhibiting non-Abelian fusion rules. Another common feature shared by these models is that the ground states have a higher symmetry than Zp. This makes them possible candidates for realizing quantum computation. 相似文献
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We analyze the radiative pion decay π+→e+νeγ within nonlocal chiral quark models that include wave function renormalization. In this framework we calculate the vector and axial-vector form factors FV and FA at q2=0 — where q2 is the e+νe squared invariant mass — and the slope a of FV(q2) at q2→0. The calculations are carried out considering different nonlocal form factors, in particular those taken from lattice QCD evaluations, showing a reasonable agreement with the corresponding experimental data. The comparison of our results with those obtained in the (local) NJL model and the relation of FV and a with the form factor in π0→γ?γ decays are discussed. 相似文献
16.
We have considered the 1D dimerized frustrated antiferromagnetic (ferromagnetic) Heisenberg model with arbitrary spin S. The exact classical magnetic phase diagram at zero temperature is determined using the LK cluster method. The cluster method results show that the classical ground-state phase diagram of the model is very rich, including first-order and second-order phase transitions. In the absence of dimerization, a second-order phase transition occurs between antiferromagnetic (ferromagnetic) and spiral phases at the critical frustration αc=±0.25, a well-known result. In the vicinity of the critical points αc, the exact classical critical exponent of the spiral order parameter is found to be 1/2. In the case of a dimerized chain (δ≠0), the spiral order shows stability and exists in some part of the ground-state phase diagram. We have found two first-order phase boundaries separating antiferromagnetic (uud and duu) phases from the spiral phase. 相似文献
17.
We consider the possibility that the soft supersymmetry-breaking parameters m1/2 and m0 of the MSSM are universal at some scale Min below the supersymmetric grand unification scale MGUT, as might occur in scenarios where either the primordial supersymmetry-breaking mechanism or its communication to the observable sector involve a dynamical scale below MGUT. We analyze the (m1/2,m0) planes of such sub-GUT CMSSM models, noting the dependences of phenomenological, experimental and cosmological constraints on Min. In particular, we find that the coannihilation, focus-point and rapid-annihilation funnel regions of the GUT-scale CMSSM approach and merge when Min∼1012 GeV. We discuss sparticle spectra and the possible sensitivity of LHC measurements to the value of Min. 相似文献
18.
A multi-parametric version of the nonadditive entropy Sq is introduced. This new entropic form, denoted by Sa,b,r, possesses many interesting statistical properties, and it reduces to the entropy Sq for b=0, a=r:=1−q (hence Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy SBG for b=0, a=r→0). The construction of the entropy Sa,b,r is based on a general group-theoretical approach recently proposed by one of us, Tempesta (2016). Indeed, essentially all the properties of this new entropy are obtained as a consequence of the existence of a rational group law, which expresses the structure of Sa,b,r with respect to the composition of statistically independent subsystems. Depending on the choice of the parameters, the entropy Sa,b,r can be used to cover a wide range of physical situations, in which the measure of the accessible phase space increases say exponentially with the number of particles N of the system, or even stabilizes, by increasing N, to a limiting value. 相似文献
19.
Kinematical models are constrained by the latest observational data from geometry-distance measurements, which include 557 type Ia supernovae (SNIa) Union2 data and 15 observational Hubble data. Considering two parameterized deceleration parameter, the values of current deceleration parameter q0, jerk parameter j0 and transition redshift zT, are obtained. Furthermore, we show the departures for two parameterized kinematical models from ΛCDM model according to the evolutions of jerk parameter j(z). Also, it is shown that the constraint on jerk parameter j(z) is weak by the current geometrical observed data. 相似文献
20.
We employ chaotic (?2 and ?4) inflation to illustrate the important role radiative corrections can play during the inflationary phase. Yukawa interactions of ? , in particular, lead to corrections of the form −κ?4ln(?/μ), where κ>0 and μ is a renormalization scale. For instance, ?4 chaotic inflation with radiative corrections looks compatible with the most recent WMAP (5 year) analysis, in sharp contrast to the tree level case. We obtain the 95% confidence limits 2.4×10−14?κ?5.7×10−14, 0.931?ns?0.958 and 0.038?r?0.205, where ns and r respectively denote the scalar spectral index and scalar to tensor ratio. The limits for ?2 inflation are κ?7.7×10−15, 0.929?ns?0.966 and 0.023?r?0.135. The next round of precision experiments should provide a more stringent test of realistic chaotic ?2 and ?4 inflation. 相似文献