Low temperature fabrication of flexible carbon counter electrode on ITO-PEN for dye-sensitized solar cells

<正>A novel low temperature method was used to prepare the mesoporous carbon(MC) counter electrode(CE) on indium-doped tin oxide coated polyethylene naphthalate(ITO-PEN) for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs).The obtained flexible MC CEs with carbon loading of 280μg cm~(-2) were characterized by SEM,XRD and electrochemical impedance.The light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of the DSSC fabricated with the prepared flexible MC CE was 86%of that of DSSC based on the decomposited Pt CE.     

碳纳米管负载Ni2P作为染料敏化太阳能电池对电极的性能研究

本文以碳纳米管(CNTs)与Ni2P纳米晶制备CNTs-Ni2P复合材料,首次研究其染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)的光阴极材料性能.使用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)测定材料结构,观察材料形貌.结果表明,复合材料由碳纳米管和六方结构的磷化镍构成,无其它磷化物杂相,磷化镍纳米晶(约10 nm)分散于CNTs表面.交流阻抗(EIS)测试显示,与CNTs和Ni2P对电极相比,CNTs-Ni2P对电极的电荷转移电阻和扩散阻抗较低,接近Pt-FTO对电极水平.CNTs-Ni2P对电极的DSSCs光电流达12.9 mA·cm-2,能量转化效率达5.6%,接近Pt-FTO对电极的DSSCs能量转化效率(5.9%).这归因于高电催化活性的磷化镍纳米晶与高电导CNTs的协同效应.     

电沉积-置换法制备Pt/Ti对电极及其对染料敏化太阳能电池性能的提升

采用电沉积-置换法在Ti片上制备了染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的对电极Pt/Ti. 形貌表征结果显示, 与传统热解法制备的Pt/FTO对电极相比, Pt/Ti对电极Ti基底上Pt催化颗粒的粒径和分散性得到显著改善. 光电流-光电压特性曲线测试结果表明, 以Pt/Ti为对电极的DSSC与以Pt/FTO为对电极的DSSC相比, 光电转化效率提高了20.8%. 由于Pt颗粒分散性和粒径的改善所引起的Pt催化性能的提高、 Pt/Ti对电极更低的电阻以及Ti基底更好的反光性能是提升DSSC性能的原因.     

Nanostructure Pt Electrode Obtained via Self-assembly of Nanoparticles on Conductive Oxide-coated Glass Substrate

Self-assembly of platinum nanoparticles were applied to fabrication of counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells on conductive oxide-coated glass substrate. The present Pt electrode exhibits high exchange current density of 220 mA/cm^2, which is comparable to those prepared by electrodeposition, magnetron sputtering or thermal decomposition of platinum chloride. After analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), it was found that the catalyst was structurally characterized as nanosized platinum metal clusters and was continuously arranged on electrode surface. The present nanostructure electrode had high electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of iodine in organic solution.     

溅射-置换法制备染料敏化太阳能电池对电极Pt/FTO

采用溅射-置换(SD)法在导电玻璃(FTO)基底上制备了染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)对电极SD-Pt/FTO.形貌表征显示,和热解法(PY)所获得的对电极(PY-Pt/FTO)相比,SD法获得的对电极SD-Pt/FTO上Pt颗粒分散性显著改善.光电流-光电压特性曲线测试表明,以SD-Pt/FTO为DSSC对电极的光电转化效率比以PY-Pt/FTO为DSSC对电极的提高了16.5%.DSSC电池性能改善与SD-Pt/FTO对电极具有较低的电阻和由Pt颗粒分散性改善引起催化性能改善密切相关.     

CoSe/TiN同轴纳米管阵列在染料敏化太阳能电池对电极中的应用研究

以钛网作为基底,采用阳极氧化、氨气氮化的方法制备了TiN纳米管,随后电沉积CoSe,制备了CoSe/TiN/Ti同轴纳米管阵列电极。循环伏安结果表明,CoSe/TiN/Ti电极对I-3具有高的电催化还原性能,这归因于高催化活性的CoSe和高导电的TiN的协同效应。以CoSe/TiN/Ti电极作为对电极组装染料敏化太阳能电池,电池的能量转换效率高达9.25%,比传统Pt/FTO对电极组装的电池(8.09%)高1%。这一结果为非Pt对电极纳米结构的设计提供了一个很好的思路。     

Ni3S4@C/CNFs对电极膜厚对染料敏化太阳能电池光伏性能的影响

采用静电纺丝技术和水热法合成了负载于碳纳米纤维表面的碳包覆Ni3S4纳米颗粒(Ni3S4@C/CNFs),利用喷涂法制备膜厚分别为2、4、6、7、8、9、10μm的Ni3S4@C/CNFs对电极。应用到染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)中,探究Ni3S4@C/CNFs对电极的膜厚对于DSSCs光伏性能的影响。最终得出当Ni3S4@C/CNFs对电极膜厚为9μm时,DSSCs可以获得最高的光电转换效率(PCE)8.45%,也证明了对电极存在一个最佳膜厚,使DSSCs获得最优的光伏性能。     

Platinum/carbon black composites as counter electrodes for high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Low-cost counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are prepared using platinum/carbon black (Pt/CB) composites via a spin-coating process....     

CoS制备方法研究及在染料敏化电池中应用

通过简单的气-固反应法在氟掺杂的氧化锡导电玻璃(FTO)上成功制备了CoS对电极,并通过优化工艺,进一步确认了制备CoS的最佳浓度。通过扫面电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、循环伏安测试(CV)、Tafel极化曲线以及光电流密度-电压特性曲线(J-V)分别研究了其表面形貌、物质结构、电催化性能和光电性能。结果表明20%浓度制备的CoS对电极具有较高的电催化活性,在一个标准太阳光照条件下(100mW.cm_-2),其光电转换效率(PCE)是7.81%,短路电流密度(J_sc)是17.3 mA.cm_?2,开路电压(V_oc)是0.74 V,填充因子(FF)是0.61,显示出与Pt对电极(7.97%)相比拟的性能。说明通过这种气-固反应法采用浓度为20%醋酸钴溶液制备的CoS薄膜具有高催化性、低成本的优点,可代替Pt作为染料敏化电池对电极。、关键词用黑体,及关键词内容用宋体。     

添加剂对染料敏化太阳电池电解质性能的影响

以N-甲基咪唑、苯并咪唑、叔丁基吡啶和离子液体1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑三氟乙酸盐(EMITA)作为染料敏化太阳电池(DSCs)电解质溶液中的添加剂, 使用超微电极通过循环伏安法研究其对液体电解质中I-3和I-氧化还原行为的影响, 通过电化学阻抗谱研究了上述四种添加剂对Pt电极电解质界面的影响. 结果表明, 添加剂EMITA的加入使I-3在电解质中的扩散系数减小, Pt电极电解质界面上的界面传输电阻Rct增大, 电解质的电阻降低; 光伏性能测试表明, EMITA的添加提高了DSCs的开路电压和填充因子, 其DSCs的光电转换效率达到了5.72%.     

Pyrolytic carbon from an aromatic precursor and its application as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells

Pyrolytic carbon thin films were deposited on quartz plates through a chemical vapor deposition process, by using a biphenyl precursor, 4,4'-bis(chloromethyl-1,1'-biphenyl). The pyrolytic carbons were microporous and catalytic toward reduction of tri-iodide, and the films thus obtained possessed a metallic appearance with good mirror reflections, hydrophilic surfaces, and low sheet resistances. The pyrolytic carbon-coated quartz plates were used, in place of the commonly used Pt-coated fluorine-doped tin oxide glass, as the counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The light to electricity conversion efficiency of the cell thus obtained was reasonably high, achieving 78% of that obtained by using the conventional but much more expensive Pt counter electrode. From the electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis, one found that the minor reduction in the conversion efficiency came from the relatively higher resistance and lower catalytic activity of the pyrolytic carbon. This work demonstrates that the newly developed pyrolytic carbon films may be a promising alternative to Pt as the counter electrode material for DSSCs.     

Self-assembled monolayer of graphene/Pt as counter electrode for efficient dye-sensitized solar cell

Monolayer of PDDA/graphene/PDDA/H(2)PtCl(6) is fabricated on conductive glass using electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly technique, which is then converted to graphene/Pt monolayer for use as counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). As compared to the sputtered Pt counter electrode, the self-assembled monolayer reduces the Pt amount by about 1000-fold but exhibits comparable photovoltaic performance. This finding provides a new route to fabrication of cheap and efficient counter electrodes for flow-line production of DSSCs.     

基于网状铂电极的新型柔性染料敏化太阳能电池

柔性染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSCs）作为一种新型的化学太阳能电池,因其精简的封装工艺、较低廉的价格、高的化学稳定性以及可弯折等优点而备受关注. 本文介绍了一种新型的柔性DSSC的制备,其光阳极为高度有序的氧化锌（ZnO）纳米线阵列,对电极为柔性、导电、透明的网状铂(Pt networks)电极. 相对于传统的铂对电极而言,这种Pt networks对电极不仅具有优异的导电能力,还展现了极好的透光性（方阻~ 100 Ω•sq^-1,~80%透光率）和催化性能,此外,Pt networks电极可构筑于任意弯曲的衬底,具有优异的机械耐弯折性能. 在ZnO纳米线阵列的DSSCs的应用中,基于Pt networks膜的柔性DSSC的转化效率比铂纳米丝阵列 (Pt nanofiber arrays, Pt NFs）膜高出了32%.     

Application of carbon materials as counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells

Hard carbon spherule (HCS) has been investigated as a counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells. The overall conversion efficiency of the cell reached 5.7%, which is comparable to 6.5% of the counter electrode of platinum-sputtered fluorine-doped tin oxide used in Grätzel-type solar cells under the same experimental condition. It is found that the photovoltaic performance was strongly affected by the specific surface areas of the carbon materials.     

Preparation of polypyrrole/multi-walled carbon nanotube hybrids by electropolymerization combined with a coating method for counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

In this work, multi-wall carbon nanotubes coated with polypyrrole (PPy/MWCNT) have been used as counter electrode (CE) materials for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). PPy was deposited onto fluorine-doped tin-oxide-coated glass by electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole. Three surfactants were used in the preparation of the hybrids: cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, anionic sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBSNa), and non-ionic polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween20). The morphologies of the PPy and PPy/MWCNT hybrids were investigated using scanning electron spectroscopy. Chemical composition of the prepared CEs was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. The catalytic activity of the PPy and PPy/MWCNT layers was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, and the photovoltaic properties of DSSCs with PPy and PPy/MWCNT CEs were characterized using I–V measurements. PPy/MWCNT samples that were prepared by electrochemical polymerization showed the best results when the anionic surfactant DBSNa was used during polymerization. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of PPy/MWCNT prepared by electrochemical polymerization was 2.9%, which was 59% of that of Pt CE (4.9%).     

Metal/metal sulfide functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes: FTO-free counter electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells

The use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) thin films to replace conventional fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and both FTO and platinum (Pt) as the counter electrode in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) requires surface modification due to high sheet resistance and charge transfer resistance. In this paper, we report a simple, solution-based method of preparing FTO-free counter electrodes based on metal (Pt) or metal sulfide (Co(8.4)S(8), Ni(3)S(2)) nanoparticles/CNT composite films to improve device performance. Based on electrochemical studies, the relative catalytic activity of the composite films was Pt > Co(8.4)S(8) > Ni(3)S(2). We achieved a maximum efficiency of 3.76% for the device with an FTO-free counter electrode (Pt/CNT). The device with an FTO- and Pt-free (CoS/CNT) counter electrode gives 3.13% efficiency.     

Effect of the thickness of the Pt film coated on a counter electrode on the performance of a dye-sensitized solar cell

The effects of the thickness and morphology of a Pt film coated on a counter electrode on the performance of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) were investigated. Deposition of a Pt film ranging in thickness from 2 to 415 nm gradually decreases the sheet resistance of the counter electrode. No significant difference in the charge-transfer resistance at the electrolyte|counter electrode interface was observed for a Pt film thickness ranging from 25 to 415 nm. A high energy conversion efficiency of approximately 5% can be obtained for DSCs based on a counter electrode with a very thin Pt film of 2 nm, as well as with a 415-nm thick Pt film. These results are important for reducing production costs by reducing the required amount of expensive platinum.     

Enhancement of the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell with multi-wall carbon nanotubes/polythiophene composite counter electrodes prepared by electrodeposition

For the purpose of increasing the energy conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polythiophene (PTh) composite film counter electrode has been fabricated by electrophoresis and cyclic voltammetry (CV) in sequence. The morphology and chemical structure have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy respectively. The overall energy conversion efficiency of the DSSC employing the MWCNT/PTh composite film has reached 4.72%, which is close to that of the DSSC with a platinum (Pt) counter electrode (5.68%). Compared with a standard DSSC with MWCNT counter electrode whose efficiency is 2.68%, the energy conversion efficiency has been increased by 76.12% for the DSSC with MWCNT/PTh counter electrode. These results indicate that the composite film with high conductivity, high active surface area, and good catalytic properties for I₃⁻ reduction can potentially be used as the counter electrode in a high-performance DSSC.     

高分散的介孔碳载Pt纳米粒子的制备及其对乙二醇的电催化氧化性能

以二氧化硅溶胶为硬模板,嵌段聚合物F127为软模板,通过双模板法合成了高介孔比例、窄孔径分布的介孔碳(MC).进而经乙二醇还原法制备了高分散的MC载铂催化剂(Pt/MC).采用循环伏安、计时电流、线性扫描伏安和电化学阻抗谱法研究了硫酸溶液中乙二醇在Pt/MC催化剂电极上的电化学氧化行为.实验结果表明,Pt/MC催化剂对乙二醇的电催化氧化性能显著高于商业化炭黑XC72R载Pt(Pt/XC72R)催化剂.电化学阻抗谱分析进一步揭示,乙二醇在Pt/MC催化剂电极上的电氧化反应具有较低的电荷传递电阻.Pt/MC催化剂高的电催化活性可以归结于MC大的孔径和均一的介孔结构对电子传输和传质的促进作用.     

Highly efficient catalysts for Co(II/III) redox couples in dye-sensitized solar cells

We developed several low-cost catalysts with high catalytic activity, which were used as counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). They showed higher efficiencies than that of Pt. The efficiencies were improved by 18-42% for the DSCs composed of active carbon, niobium dioxide, ordered mesoporous carbon and commercial titanium carbide.