企业与高校联手,产品与教改结合共同推进光电学科实验教学

分析了当前高校实验教学特别是在光信息及光电子领域中存在的现状,探讨了现阶段在实验室建设和实验教学改革方面需要解决的问题,结合大恒公司光电研究所开发实验的理念和实验特色,提出了建立、加强企业与高校的交流与合作,使企业搭建一个更好的平台去为高校教学及科研服务。详细阐述了大恒光电实验产品的主题前沿、结构开放、注重基础、突出应用这四个方面的开发理念,并结合具体的实例展示了大恒光电的最新进展。     

简讯

2002年9月,华中光电技术研究所研制的轻型光电-导弹一体化防空系统在陆上实弹射击实验中成功击中多个目标,标志着该所成熟的光电探测设备可用于直接指挥导弹发射。 该系统是华中光电技术研究所自行研制开发的我国首套轻型舰载光电-导弹一体化防空武器系统,由红外成像跟踪、激光测距、火控解算及便携式导弹等组成,可自动搜索、捕获、锁定目标并实施导弹攻击。作为一个不依赖其它系统的独立武器单元,可满足水面舰艇、战车与陆地要塞防空作战需求。     

压缩传感在物理演示实验中的应用

将科研前沿技术融入到物理演示实验中有助于大学生科研兴趣和创新能力的提高.我们将近几年兴起的科研热点问题——压缩传感技术融入到物理演示实验中,研制了一套值得推广的单像素成像演示实验设备.该设备符合物理演示实验应具有的易操作性和便携性,还兼有现象明显和原理深刻的特点.可演示的内容不但涉及物理学如光学、统计物理、光电器件等相关领域,同时还涵盖了信息技术、通信技术、计算机科学等多个交叉领域的基本知识.本实验的开发对通过物理演示实验来提高大学生创新能力和科研兴趣方面具有参考价值.     

远程物理实验控制平台的设计与开发

将网络远程控制技术运用于物理实验教学中,设计并开发出远程物理实验控制平台.该平台的建设能够有效地实现物理实验设备硬件资源共享,为各高校开展物理实验课程提供了全新的方法和途径.     

地基光电望远镜对空间碎片探测能力的评估模型

为了提高地基光电望远镜观测空间碎片的运行效率,建立了地基光电望远镜探测能力评估仿真模型.综合考虑碎片几何过境、碎片信号辐射量、背景源信号辐射量、光信号在传感器平面的投影等影响,获得碎片信号的探测信噪比,并作为过境碎片能否被探测到的依据.采用1m望远镜进行地球同步轨道碎片观测实验,并对模型进行验证.结果表明:仿真观测的第谷2星表中4颗背景亮星与观测实验结果一致;由于碎片形状等光学特性不同,碎片辐射量星等值的实验值与仿真值最大相差1.58倍,误差值在合理范围内.基于信噪比探测原理的地基光电望远镜探测能力评估仿真模型合理有效,可为观测设备建设、观测策略制定等提供参考.     

基于Vega Prime的机载光电搜救设备模拟仿真系统

采用外场试验进行机载光电搜救设备的训练和系统联调需要消耗大量的人力物力,针对这一问题,基于Vega Prime开发了一款机载光电搜救模拟仿真系统。该系统能够模拟光电搜救设备的所有功能,接收并响应操控手柄命令,输出PAL格式视频信号。仿真结果表明,该系统对光电搜救设备的研制具有指导意义,可以提高研发质量、缩短研制周期,降低成本。     

轻量级光电实验室综合管理系统的设计与实现

针对当前光电实验室数据繁多且结构复杂的实际情况,本文利用数据库等技术设计了一套针对于大型光电实验室综合管理系统的框架和数据结构,并最终实现该系统。该系统能够对光电实验室的实验数据进行有效的组织、管理和应用,能够对实验设备进行管理和统计,该系统设计有完善的架构体系,并有预留接口,为系统的升级和功能的添加提供了便利。光电实验室综合管理系统可以使实验室人员科学合理地安排实验,减少实验次数、缩短实验周期,更好的利用现有实验数据,从而减少资源的浪费,实现实验室数据资源有效而经济的管理。同时,通过对设备信息的管理可以提高设备的利用率,进而优化实验室的资源配置。     

基于PCI总线的单圈绝对式光电轴角编码器实时数据采集系统

介绍了一种针对单圈绝对式光电轴角编码器而设计的基于PCI总线的实时数据采集系统.该系统以PLX公司开发且服从PCI2.1协议的PCI9052为接口芯片,利用功能强大的CPLD作为控制单元.采用TI公司生产的高性能A/D器件ADS803E作为核心器件对线阵CCD输出的信号进行实时采集,并给出了板卡调试方法和如何用合适的驱动程序开发工具编写驱动程序.实验证明,该采集卡满足单圈绝对式光电轴角编码器数据采集的需要.     

一种机载光电设备减振系统设计及稳定精度试验研究

以光电设备减振系统为研究对象,从光电设备轻型化、小型化设计角度出发,针对现有内置橡胶减振系统的诸多不足,采用金属减振器,设计出一款适用于机载光电设备的外置型金属减振系统。通过对该减振系统的振动和冲击试验,测得固有频率、最大传递率及冲击最大位移值。通过对比光电设备在两种减振系统下的稳定精度, 得出以下结论:外置金属减振系统和内置橡胶减振系统均能使光电设备的稳定精度满足不大于25μrad的使用要求,但外置金属减振系统能提高光电设备内部有效空间,同时,外置金属减振系统作为整体可更换单元,降低了减振系统的维修难度,提高了光电设备整体维修性,为其他光电传感器的集成和实现机载光电设备轻型化、小型化提供了可能。     

一种新的光电设备方位角度检测方法

针对工作在静座桅杆条件下的光电设备,提出一种低成本的方位角度检测方法。采用2个倾角仪检测光电设备的俯仰轴和倾斜轴的角速度,用1个陀螺检测光电设备的方位轴角速度,完成光电设备方位角度变化量的解算。在已知初始方位角度的情况下,获取光电设备的实时方位角度值。实验表明,采用0.01的倾角仪和零偏稳定性为0.015/h的激光陀螺,方位精度达到0.009。     

基于“猫眼效应”的目标识别

 阐述了“猫眼效应”的基本原理，并在此基础上对“猫眼效应”进行了实验验证。实验结果表明，光电探测器的确存在“猫眼效应”。利用“猫眼效应”进行远距离的目标探测与识别能够简化系统并有效提高目标探测识别的概率，对今后选取合适的方案进行空间目标捕获、跟踪和瞄准有一定的参考意义。     

一种小型光谱色彩分析仪的设计

为解决目前颜色测量仪器测速慢、体积大的问题，采用先进的颜色测量方法——光电摄谱法，建立了一个测色的数学模型，设计了一种全自动测色的小型光谱色彩分析仪。仪 器由照明系统、光电摄谱仪、信号采集与处理电路、测色软件四部分组成。详细阐述了照明系统和光电摄谱仪的设计。光电摄谱仪采用平场凹面光栅分光，线阵CCD接收，缩小了仪 器体积。利用此仪器测量7块标准色板，色品坐标测量不确定度小于0.01，测试周期为1秒。结果表明，此仪器不仅精度高，还满足了工业生产中对测色的速度和准确度要求。     

Dynamic instabilities of microwaves generated with optoelectronic oscillators

We introduce a time-domain model to study the dynamics of optoelectronic oscillators. We show that, due to the interaction between nonlinearity and time delay, the envelope amplitude of ultrapure microwaves generated by optoelectronic oscillators can turn unstable when the gain is increased beyond a given critical value. Our analytical predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations and experiments.     

In situ characterization of optoelectronic nanostructures and nanodevices

One-dimensional (1-D) semiconductor nanostructures can effectively transport electrons and photons, and are considered to be promising building blocks for future optoelectronic nanodevices. In this review, we present our recent efforts to integrate optical techniques and in situ electron microscopy for comprehensively characterizing individual 1-D optoelectronic nanostructures and nanodevices. The technical strategies and their applications in “green” emission and optical confinement in 1-D ZnO nanostructures will be introduced. We also show in situ assembly and characterization of nanostructures for optoelectronic device purposes. Using these examples, we demonstrate that the combination of optical techniques and in situ electron microscopy can be powerful for the studies of optoelectronic nanomaterials and nanodevices.     

In situ characterization of optoelectronic nanostructures and nanodevices

One-dimensional (1-D) semiconductor nanostructures can effectively transport electrons and photons, and are considered to be promising building blocks for future optoelectronic nanodevices. In this review, we present our recent efforts to integrate optical techniques and in situ electron microscopy for comprehensively characterizing individual 1-D optoelectronic nanostructures and nanodevices. The technical strategies and their applications in “green” emission and optical confinement in 1-D ZnO nanostructures will be introduced. We also show in situ assembly and characterization of nanostructures for optoelectronic device purposes. Using these examples, we demonstrate that the combination of optical techniques and in situ electron microscopy can be powerful for the studies of optoelectronic nanomaterials and nanodevices.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In situ</Emphasis> characterization of optoelectronic nanostructures and nanodevices

One-dimensional (1-D) semiconductor nanostructures can effectively transport electrons and photons, and are considered to be promising building blocks for future optoelectronic nanodevices. In this review, we present our recent efforts to integrate optical techniques and in situ electron microscopy for comprehensively characterizing individual 1-D optoelectronic nanostructures and nanodevices. The technical strategies and their applications in “green” emission and optical confinement in 1-D ZnO nanostructures will be introduced. We also show in situ assembly and characterization of nanostructures for optoelectronic device purposes. Using these examples, we demonstrate that the combination of optical techniques and in situ electron microscopy can be powerful for the studies of optoelectronic nanomaterials and nanodevices.     

Application of liquid crystal (LC) devices for optoelectronic reconstruction of digitally stored holograms

Recent advances in high-resolution CCD detectors allow the development of the concept of digital holography that relies on the capture of 2D microinterferograms and their further numerical reconstruction. This approach is valid for optical metrology applications as it gives direct access to the phase and intensity of an object at the selected distance “d”. However, it is not convienient for direct 3D-display purposes. This is the reason why the authors propose the optoelectronic reconstruction of a hologram that is digitally recorded and transferred to another optoelectronic medium. The application of LCD matrices and optically addressed liquid crystal cells as reconstruction media is discussed. Their applicability for computer-generated and optical holograms is tested by means of simple experiments. The problems connected with limited resolution of the recording (CCD) and reconstruction (LCD, DMD) devices are considered. The comparison of the results obtained by numerical and optoelectronic means is presented, together with a discussion of the limitations and further possibilities of these techniques.     

基于DFB腔注入锁定效应的可调谐光电振荡器

提出一种基于分布反馈光注入锁定效应的可调谐光电振荡器,其环路主要由马赫曾德尔调制器、光电探测器、环形器、分布反馈激光器和射频放大器顺接而成,分布反馈激光器是系统关键器件,通过分布反馈激光器光注入锁定效应,分布反馈腔在光域实现了微波光子滤波器功能,无需传统光电振荡器必须的射频带通滤波器.同时,由于分布反馈激光器注入锁定提高了环路Q值,因此系统可采用短环路结构,从而降低了光纤因温度敏感对微波信号稳定性的影响并减小了整个系统的尺寸.另外,通过调节注入光波长和功率可改变该微波光子滤波器的中心频率,从而可实现系统的可调谐性.理论分析了该光电振荡器的原理和微波光子滤波器的调谐性,在此基础上开展了实验验证.结果表明该光电振荡器能够产生18.7～21.6 GHz的可调微波信号,在1 kHz频偏处的相位噪声为-90 dBc/Hz.     

The dependency of timbre on fundamental frequency

The dependency of the timbre of musical sounds on their fundamental frequency (F0) was examined in three experiments. In experiment I subjects compared the timbres of stimuli produced by a set of 12 musical instruments with equal F0, duration, and loudness. There were three sessions, each at a different F0. In experiment II the same stimuli were rearranged in pairs, each with the same difference in F0, and subjects had to ignore the constant difference in pitch. In experiment III, instruments were paired both with and without an F0 difference within the same session, and subjects had to ignore the variable differences in pitch. Experiment I yielded dissimilarity matrices that were similar at different F0's, suggesting that instruments kept their relative positions within timbre space. Experiment II found that subjects were able to ignore the salient pitch difference while rating timbre dissimilarity. Dissimilarity matrices were symmetrical, suggesting further that the absolute displacement of the set of instruments within timbre space was small. Experiment III extended this result to the case where the pitch difference varied from trial to trial. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) of dissimilarity scores produced solutions (timbre spaces) that varied little across conditions and experiments. MDS solutions were used to test the validity of signal-based predictors of timbre, and in particular their stability as a function of F0. Taken together, the results suggest that timbre differences are perceived independently from differences of pitch, at least for F0 differences smaller than an octave. Timbre differences can be measured between stimuli with different F0's.