钾霞石固体碱催化豆油酯化反应制备生物柴油

采用共沉淀法制备了钾霞石,用于催化豆油和甲醇酯化反应,在煅烧温度1 200℃,得到单一的钾霞石物相.钾霞石表面多孔,孔径分布为0.2到1.0 μm,有利于反应物分子的内扩散和接触活性位;同时对反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量以及催化剂Li含量进行了系统研究.反应温度120 ℃,醇油摩尔比12:1,反应时间2 min,催化...     

酯交换制生物柴油的CaO固体碱催化剂

用不同的前驱物合成了三种CaO催化剂, 并以X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM) 、程序升温脱附(TPD)等方法加以表征. 这些CaO被用作大豆油(SBO)经酯交换制取脂肪酸甲酯(FAME), 即生物柴油的催化剂, 由方解石制备的氧化钙(Cal(N))表现了最好的SBO酯交换活性. 检测发现CaO的酯交换活性与它们的碱性强度密切相关, 当暴露于CO2气氛下, 显著降低了CaO的酯交换催化活性(Raman光谱测试显示当置CaO于常温空气中, 其表面形成的CaCO3和Ca(OH)2将阻止CaO继续参与SBO的酯交换反应). CO2的毒化颇受制于CaO前驱体种类, Cal(N)比来自文石的CaO(即Ara(N))有更好的抗CO2毒化能力; 这些受损的CaO催化活性可部分复原. 提出了CaO催化剂受CO2毒化及其再生的机理, 同时讨论了SBO酯交换活性相到底是CaO固体表面, 拟或溶解了的CaO的问题.     

Na0.5La0.5TiO3的水热法合成及其表征

通过控制反应物摩尔比、晶化温度和时间以及体系的碱度等重要因素,用水热法在温和的条件下合成了Na0.5La0.5TiO3;结构分析表明单相的Na0.5La0.5TiO3是具有立方对称性的钙钛矿型化合物,晶胞参数为3.875(。A);初步认为该化合物合成过程为溶解-沉淀机理.     

KI催化酯交换合成碳酸二正辛酯的研究

研究了碳酸二甲酯与正辛醇酯交换合成碳酸二正辛酯（DOC）的反应，比较了卤化钾与系列碳酸钾复合催化剂的性能，考察了物料配比、反应温度、反应时间诸因素对该反应的影响，得出了该反应的最佳工艺条件．结果表明，KI具有较好的催化活性和选择性；在最佳反应条件（常压、反应温度140℃、反应时间为4h、n（DMC）：n（n-OctOH）=1：4、催化剂用量为总重1．25％。）下，DMC的转化率为83．7％，DOC的收率为70．0％，DOC的选择性为83．7％，甲基辛基碳酸酯（MOC）的收率为13．7％．     

Nanosized TiO2 as a Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran Derivatives

An electrochemical reduction method was used for the preparation of TiO₂ nanoparticles in which agglomeration with formation of undesired metal powders is prevented by the presence of ammonium stabilizers. These synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Visible, XRD, SEM–EDS and TEM analysis techniques. These synthesized nanoparticles of TiO₂ were tested as heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivative using three components reaction of aromatic aldehyde, dimedione and malononitrile by simply stirring at room temperature in a solvent free condition.     

一种催化碳酸二甲酯与苯酚酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯的多相催化剂

 用浸渍法以SiO2为载体制备了负载型杂多化合物催化剂CuPMo/SiO2，用于DMC和苯酚酯交合成碳酸二苯酯的反应，显示出较高的活性和高选择性. 负载量和煅烧温度煅烧温度影响催化剂活性. 在合适的反应条件下，反应8小时，苯酚转化率可达25.2%，酯交换选择性为99%.     

TiO2-MoO3/SiO2催化碳酸二甲酯与乙酸苯酯酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯

采用分步等体积浸渍法制备了催化剂r%TiO2-q%MoO3/SiO2(1q-r)。以碳酸二甲酯(DMC)与乙酸苯酯(PA)酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯(DPC)为探针反应,考察了1的催化活性。优化反应条件为:PA 290 mmol,n(PA):n(DMC)=2:1,18-4 1.4 g,于180℃反应7 h。在优化反应条件下,DMC转化率77.5%,DPC选择性49.4%,碳酸甲苯酯和DPC的总选择性87.2%。催化剂重复使用时,活性下降很快,也很难通过高温焙烧再生。     

水热重结晶法制备四方相纳米Ba0.9Ca0.1TiO3晶体的研究

采用水热重结晶法对低温液相法制备的Ba_0.9Ca_0.1TiO₃(B_0.9C_0.1T)浆料进行220 ℃, 3 h的水热处理, 成功制备了四方相B_0.9C_0.1T纳米粉体. 并对水热重结晶和未水热处理的两种粉体进行了TEM, XRD, Raman, FT-IR, TG和介电性能的表征. 研究表明, 经水热重结晶后的B_0.9C_0.1T粉体体系发生从顺电立方相向铁电四方相的转变, 羟基缺陷以及CO₃^2－杂质显著减少, 粉体形貌由外边缘毛躁的球形转变为四边形. 并发现羟基缺陷的减少是影响体系相转变的关键因素.     

FeCl3-Doped Polyaniline Nanoparticles as Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzimidazoles

FeCl₃-doped polyaniline nanoparticles efficiently catalyze the synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles by the reaction of aldehydes with o-phenylenediamine. Synthesis and characterization of the catalyst are described, and the obtained results confirms good dispersion of the FeCl₃ on the polyaniline. Simple workup, mild reaction conditions, low cost, easy separation, and reusability of the catalyst are some advantages of this method.     

ZnO as an Effective and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Arylaminotetrazoles

ZnO is an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the reaction between arylcyanamides with sodium azide to synthesize the arylaminotetrazoles in good yields. This method has advantages of good yields, simple methodology, short reaction times, and easy workup. Furthermore, the catalyst can subsequently be reused for several times without any significant loss of activity.     

多层膜结构BaCe0.9Nd0.1O3-δ的制备及其在常压合成氨中的应用

用干压法制备了Ni-BaCe0.9Nd01O3-δ多孔金属陶瓷阳极,并在阳极基膜上制备出致密的BaCe0.9Nd0.1O3-δ固体电解质薄膜.薄膜的厚度约为40 μm,致密均匀.测定了多层膜结构BaCe0.9Nd0.1O3-δ在干燥氮气/湿润氢气气氛中的电导率,结果表明其电导率要比厚膜BaCe0.9Nd0.1O3-δ和SrCe0.95Y0.05O3-δ(SCY)要高.将多层膜材料用于固态质子传导电池中,在常压下以氮气和氢气为原料合成了氨气.结果表明,与SCY固体电解质比较,氨的产率提高了一个数量级以上.     

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.9-xCo0.1SnxO2 as cathode materials for lithium secondary batteries

LiNi_0.9-x Co_0.1Sn _x O₂ (x = 0.00, 0.02, and 0.03) were synthesized via the rheological phase reaction method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical tests. The sample of LiNi_0.9-x Co_0.1Sn _x O₂ (x = 0.02) not only shows good cycle performance but also exhibits an excellent discharge capacity of 188 mAh/g in the first cycle at a current density of 100 mA/g in the voltage range of 3.0–4.3 V. The tin doping results in reducing the resistance and increasing conductivity of LiNi_0.9-x Co_0.1Sn _x O₂. This composite oxide is promising as cathode material for lithium-ion battery.     

Kaolin/KOH Is an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-3-indolyl Oxindoles

3-Hydroxy-3-indolyl oxindoles were synthesized from isatins and indoles in good to excellent yields by using heterogeneous catalyst kaolin preloaded with KOH.

碳酸二甲酯和乙酸苯酯合成碳酸二苯酯MoO3催化剂的失活研究

利用直接焙烧法在400℃焙烧(NH4)6MoO7O24.4H2O制备了碳酸二甲酯(DMC)与乙酸苯酯(PA)酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯(DPC)反应的正交晶系MoO3催化剂,通过比表面积(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等技术,对MoO3催化剂在失活前后的结构和形貌进行了分析,探讨了MoO3催化剂的失活行为.结果表明,正交晶系MoO3的(021)、(110)晶面有利于酯交换反应,多次使用后,催化剂表面有无定形碳的物理沉积,催化剂比表面积降低,催化剂颗粒长径比发生了改变,催化剂(021)、(110)晶面衍射峰强度减弱,进而导致了MoO3催化剂的失活.     

水热老化对含钯La0．9Sr0．1CoO3－δ／α－Al2O3催化性能的影响

 以浸渍法制备了α－Al2O3负载的含钯La0．9Sr0．1CoO3－δ钙钛矿样品，探讨了水热老化对样品催化CO－NO反应性能的影响，并以XRD，TPR和XPS等对样品在水热老化前后的结构进行了表征．结果表明，钯的引入方式直接影响样品的水热性能．掺钯样品（LaSrCoPd）具有良好的水热性能，经水热老化后，其催化活性显著提高，显示出最好的催化性能；样品中钯离子位于钙钛矿晶相内，形成α－Al2O3负载的La0．9Sr0．1Co0．95Pd0．05O3－δ．La0．9Sr0．1CoO3－δ／α－Al2O3负载钯的样品（Pd／LaSrCo）具有最高的初活性，但经水热老化后，其催化活性明显降低．在水热老化过程中，La0．9Sr0．1CoO3－δ钙钛矿的结构稳定，但含钯钙钛矿晶相中的钯离子迁移聚集成独立的PdO颗粒，较小的PdO颗粒聚集成较大的颗粒．水热老化后，Pd／LaSrCo样品表面裸露的钯原子数目减少，导致其催化活性降低；而LaSrCoPd样品表面裸露的钯原子数目增多，导致其催化活性升高．     

Synthesis and electrocatalytic performance of La0.3Ce0.1Sr0.5Ba0.1TiO3 anode catalyst for solid oxide fuel cells

Ce-doped La_0.4Sr_0.5Ba_0.1TiO_3–δ (LCSBT) perovskite anode catalysts in solid oxide fuel cells were successfully synthesized by a modified rheological phase reaction for the first time. Pure LCSBT could be obtained under a reducing atmosphere and nano-CeO₂ particles could be exsoluted from LCSBT after being sintered in air. The catalytic activity and electrochemical performance of LCSBT anodes for the H₂ oxidation were obviously improved comparing with the pure La_0.4Sr_0.5Ba_0.1TiO_3–δ (LSBT) and LSBT&CeO₂ admixture anodes. The improved performance could be attributed to the nanostructure of LCSBT and the exsoluted nano-CeO₂ particles.     

One Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Flower-shaped Co3O4 Nanorods on Nickel Foam as Supercapacitor Materials and Their Excellent Electrochemical Performance

Flower-shaped Co₃O₄nanorods directly grown on nickel foam(Co₃O₄/NF) were prepared by one step hydrothermal method at low temperature. Co₃O₄nanorods are directly connected with the nickel foam, and no binder is needed as an additive, so the Co₃O₄/NF electrode has good electrical conductivity. This flower-shaped structure makes larger surface area of Co₃O₄nanorods that exposes to the electrolyte, thus promoting the redox reaction. The Co₃O₄/NF electrode shows a high specific capacitance of 2005.34 F/g at the current density of 0.5 A/g and a high capacitance retention of 98.0% after 5000 cycles. The high superior capacitive performance with high specific capaci-tance and the excellent cyclic performance indicate that the one step hydrothermal method has great potential application in supercapacitors.     

LaCo0.9Cu0.1O3的蔗糖溶胶-凝胶法合成及二甲苯催化氧化性能研究

蔗糖溶胶 凝胶法合成了稀土钙钛矿型复合氧化物LaCo0 .9Cu0 .1 O3,并对其进行了XRD ,BET ,TPR表征和二甲苯催化氧化性能测试 ,并与柠檬酸溶胶 凝胶法作了比较。结果表明 ,蔗糖作为络合剂成胶和干胶容易 ,粒径较小 ,具有进一步降低LaCo0 .9Cu0 .1 O3形成温度的作用 ,以蔗糖作为络合剂在 70 0℃所制备的催化剂LaCo0 .9Cu0 .1 O3低温活性较好。