Riesz bases formed by root functions of a functional-differential equation with a reflection operator

We find conditions under which the system of root functions of the operator

$$L_y = l[y] = ay'(x) + y'(1 - x) + p_1 (x)y(x) + p_2 (x)y(1 - x),x \in [0,1],U_1 (y) = \int\limits_0^1 {y(t)d\sigma (t) = 0,} $$

is a Riesz basis in L ₂[0, 1].

     

The “Duck Survival” Problem in Three-Dimensional Singularly Perturbed Systems with Two Slow Variables

We consider the system of ordinary differential equations x = f(x,y), y = g(x,y), where x ², y , 0 < 1, and f,g C. It is assumed that the equation g = 0 determines two different smooth surfaces y = (x) and y = (x) intersecting generically along a curve l. It is further assumed that the trajectories of the corresponding degenerate system lying on the surface y = (x) are ducks, i.e., as time increases, they intersect the curve l generically and pass from the stable part {y =(x),g'_y < 0} of this surface to the unstable part {y =(x),g'_y > 0}. We seek a solution of the so-called duck survival problem, i.e., give an answer to the following question: what trajectories from the one-parameter family of duck trajectories for = 0 are the limits as 0 of some trajectories of the original system.     

A selection lemma for sequences of measurable sets,and lower semicontinuity of multiple integrals

In the present paper we show that the integral functional is lower semicontinuous with respect to the joint convergence of y_k to y in measure and the weak convergence of u_k to u in L₁. The integrand f: G × ^N × ^m , (x, z, p) f(x, z, p) is assumed to be measurable in x for all (z,p), continuous in z for almost all x and all p, convex in p for all (x,z), and to satisfy the condition f(x,z,p)(x) for all (x,z,p), where is some L₁-function.The crucial idea of our paper is contained in the following simple     

Self-adjoint abstract differential operators

Let H be an abstract separable Hilbert space. We will consider the Hilbert space H₁ whose elements are functionsf(x) with domain H and we will also consider the set of self-adjoint operators Q(x) in H of the form Q(x)=A+B(x). In this formula AE, B(x)0, and the operator B(x) is bounded for all x. An operator L₀ is defined on the set of finite, infinitely differentiable (in the strong sense) functions y(x) H₁ according to the formula: L₀y=–y + Q(x)y (–0 is a self-adjoint operator in H₁ under the given assumptions.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 65–72, July, 1969.     

On the Center of the Generalized Liénard System

In this paper, we discuss the conditions for a center for the generalized Liénard system (E)₁

Degenerate Convergence of Semigroups Related to a Model of Stochastic Gene Expression

We consider the Cauchy problem related to the system of equations:

On two mean value properties and functional equations associated with them

Summary Motivated by different mean value properties, the functional equationsf(x) – f(y)/x–y=[(x, y)], (i)xf(y) – yf(x)/x–y=[(x, y)] (ii) (x y) are completely solved when, are arithmetic, geometric or harmonic means andx, y elements of proper real intervals. In view of a duality between (i) and (ii), three of the results are consequences of other three.The equation (ii) is also solved when is a (strictly monotonic) quasiarithmetic mean while the real interval contains 0 and when is the arithmetic mean while the domain is a field of characteristic different from 2 and 3. (A result similar to the latter has been proved previously for (i).)     

On a generalization of the Cauchy functional equation

Summary While looking for solutions of some functional equations and systems of functional equations introduced by S. Midura and their generalizations, we came across the problem of solving the equationg(ax + by) = Ag(x) + Bg(y) + L(x, y) (1) in the class of functions mapping a non-empty subsetP of a linear spaceX over a commutative fieldK, satisfying the conditionaP + bP P, into a linear spaceY over a commutative fieldF, whereL: X × X Y is biadditive,a, b K\{0}, andA, B F\{0}. Theorem.Suppose that K is either R or C, F is of characteristic zero, there exist A ₁,A ₂,B ₁,B ₂, F\ {0}with L(ax, y) = A ₁ L(x, y), L(x, ay) = A ₂ L(x, y), L(bx, y) = B ₁ L(x, y), and L(x, by) = B ₂ L(x, y) for x, y X, and P has a non-empty convex and algebraically open subset. Then the functional equation (1)has a solution in the class of functions g: P Y iff the following two conditions hold: L(x, y) = L(y, x) for x, y X, (2)if L 0, then A ₁ =A ₂,B ₁ =B ₂,A = A ₁ ² ,and B = B ₁ ² . (3) Furthermore, if conditions (2)and (3)are valid, then a function g: P Y satisfies the equation (1)iff there exist a y ₀ Y and an additive function h: X Y such that if A + B 1, then y ₀ = 0;h(ax) = Ah(x), h(bx) =Bh(x) for x X; g(x) = h(x) + y ₀ + 1/2A ₁ ^-1 B ₁ ^-1 L(x, x)for x P.     

The third mixed problem for the Sonin equation in a half space

We consider follwing mixed boundary-value problem:

On the mixed problem for hyperbolic partial differential-functional equations of the first order

We consider the mixed problem for the hyperbolic partial differential-functional equation of the first order where is a function defined by z _(x,y)(t, s) = z(x + t, y + s), (t, s) [–, 0] × [0, h]. Using the method of bicharacteristics and the method of successive approximations for a certain integral-functional system we prove, under suitable assumptions, a theorem of the local existence of generalized solutions of this problem.     

An integral equation and a representation for a Green's function

The final step in the mathematical solution of many problems in mathematical physics and engineering is the solution of a linear, two-point boundary-value problem such as $$\begin{gathered} \ddot u - q(t)u = - g(t), 0< t< x \hfill \\ (0) = 0, \dot u(x) = 0 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ Such problems frequently arise in a variational context. In terms of the Green's functionG, the solution is $$u(t) = \int_0^x {G(t, y, x)g(y) dy} $$ It is shown that the Green's function may be represented in the form $$G(t,y,x) = m(t,y) - \int_y^x {q(s)m(t, s) m(y, s)} ds, 0< t< y< x$$ wherem satisfies the Fredholm integral equation $$m(t,x) = k(t,x) - \int_0^x k (t,y) q(y) m(y, x) dy, 0< t< x$$ and the kernelk is $$k(t, y) = min(t, y)$$      

On the existence of value in the Varaiya-Lin sense in differential games of pursuit and evasion

This paper is strictly related to Ref. 1. A pursuit-evasion game described in part by the system and is considered. The state variablesx andy are restricted, in the sense that (x(t),t) N ₁ and (y(t),t) N ₂. The existence of a value in the sense of Varaiya and Lin is proved under the assumption that the sets of all admissible trajectories for the two players are compact and the lower value is not greater than the upper value.     

A stable Nyström interpolant for some Mellin convolution equations

We consider the numerical solution of second kind integral equations of the form $$u(y) - \int\limits_0^1 {k(y/x)\frac{{u(x)}}{x}dx = f(y), 0 \le y \le 1,} $$ for some given kernelk(t). These equations, usually indicated as of Mellin type, arise in a variety of applications. In particular, we examine a Nyström interpolant based on the following product quadrature rule: $$\int\limits_0^1 {k(y/x)\frac{{u(x)}}{x}dx \approx \sum\limits_{i = 0}^n {w_{ni} (y)u(x_{mi} ).} } $$ This rule is obtained by interpolatingu(x) by the Lagrange polynomial associated with the set of Gauss-Radau nodes {x _ni}. Under certain assumptions on the kernelk(t), we are able to prove the stability of our interpolant and derive convergence estimates.     

Partitions of bi-partite numbers into at mostj parts

The number of partitions of a bi-partite number into at mostj parts is studied. We consider this function,p _j (x, y), on the linex+y=2n. Forj4, we show that this function is maximized whenx=y. Forj>4 we provide an explicit formula forn _j so that, for allnn _j ,x=y yields a maximum forp _j (x,y).