海藻酸钠/聚乳酸半互穿网络水凝胶的制备及溶胀性能研究

为了提高海藻酸钠对疏水性药物的负载量和缓释作用,将海藻酸钠与聚乳酸混合后分散于NaCl/CaCl2的混合溶液中制成半互穿网络水凝胶,对海藻酸钠进行了疏水改性,对该凝胶的溶胀度及pH敏感性进行了测试,进行了药物布洛芬包埋释放实验。考察了不同相对分子质量和用量的聚乳酸对药物释放的影响。结果表明,聚乳酸疏水改性后的海藻酸钠凝胶微球对药物布洛芬的负载量提高,具有较好的缓释作用。     

聚丙烯酸甲酯二乙烯苯交联度的红外光谱研究

采用红外光谱法对聚丙烯酸甲酯-二乙烯苯的交联度进行了表征.结果表明:(1)随交联度增加,红外光谱图中两单体特征峰位置不变,DVB特征峰强度逐渐增加.(2)交联度与特征峰吸收强度比ADVB/AMΛ间存在如下函数关系:y=12.694lnx 44.382,r2=0.9985.     

海藻酸钠溶液溶胶—凝胶相转变过程的光谱学研究

以粘度法和＾１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ、ＵＶ、Ｒａｍａｎ光谱学方法研究了海藻酸钠溶液胶－凝胶相结转变过程，结合体系的光谱学特征，分析了体系相转变过程中海藻酸单体官能基与二价铜离子间的结合情形、分子链的构型变化以及与它紧密相关溶剂行为，进一步探讨了天然高分子电南海藻酸钠在重金属离子Ｃｕ＾２＋作用下的凝胶化机理。     

超声方法对于海藻酸钠的降解反应研究

用超声方法对海藻酸钠溶液进行了降解研究,研究了各种因素对降解效果的影响,得出了聚合物溶液特性粘度与降解时间的经验公式。     

云母/交联聚苯乙烯复合材料制备及沿面闪络性能

交联聚苯乙烯具有优异的电气性能、力学性能和可加工性能,已作为高压绝缘材料得到了重要应用。随着脉冲功率技术向小型化方向发展,对交联聚苯乙烯真空沿面闪络性能提出了更高要求。以苯乙烯为单体,二乙烯基苯为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,采用超声波分散技术将不同质量分数的云母均匀分散于溶液体系中,通过原位自由基聚合制备出云母/交联聚苯乙烯复合材料。采用红外光谱、电子扫描显微镜等对材料组成和形貌进行了表征,采用短脉冲高压测试平台研究了云母对交联聚苯乙烯真空沿面闪络性能的影响。结果表明,当云母质量分数低于5%时,复合材料中云母为均匀分散状态,随着掺杂量进一步提升,出现了明显的团聚现象;当云母质量分数为3.5%~5%之间时,真空沿面闪络击穿电压和耐电寿命较交联聚苯乙烯得到了明显提升。     

云母/交联聚苯乙烯复合材料制备及沿面闪络性能

交联聚苯乙烯具有优异的电气性能、力学性能和可加工性能,已作为高压绝缘材料得到了重要应用。随着脉冲功率技术向小型化方向发展,对交联聚苯乙烯真空沿面闪络性能提出了更高要求。以苯乙烯为单体,二乙烯基苯为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,采用超声波分散技术将不同质量分数的云母均匀分散于溶液体系中,通过原位自由基聚合制备出云母/交联聚苯乙烯复合材料。采用红外光谱、电子扫描显微镜等对材料组成和形貌进行了表征,采用短脉冲高压测试平台研究了云母对交联聚苯乙烯真空沿面闪络性能的影响。结果表明,当云母质量分数低于5%时,复合材料中云母为均匀分散状态,随着掺杂量进一步提升,出现了明显的团聚现象;当云母质量分数为3.5%~5%之间时,真空沿面闪络击穿电压和耐电寿命较交联聚苯乙烯得到了明显提升。     

交联氮气泡沫压裂液的携砂性能研究

在大型高压泡沫压裂液实验回路上,对交联氮气泡沫压裂液的携砂性能进行了实验研究.分析了携砂泡沫压裂液流动时临界携砂流速的产生原因,并根据实验结果分析了温度,压力、泡沫质量及支撑剂浓度对临界携砂流速的影响.临界携砂流速随温度的升高而增大,随压力、泡沫质量和支撑剂体积浓度的增大而减小,研究发现当支撑剂浓度大于0.17时,开始...     

电子束辐照剂量对PAN/PEO交联度的影响

对PAN/PEO凝胶(5%PAN,5%PEO)在1.0 MeV电子束下进行了不同剂量的辐照。红外光谱测量表明,PAN/PEO凝胶辐照后发生了化学交联。分析结果指出,PAN/PEO的凝胶分数随着辐照剂量的增加而不断增加;其凝胶分数增长率的变化可以分为3个阶段,即快速增加阶段(0~39kGy)、下降阶段(39~130 kGy)和稳定阶段(130 kGy)。拟合发现,引入材料刚性参数β的半经验修正方程与未考虑材料刚性的Char1esby-Pinner方程相比,更符合实际测量值(对于该配比PAN/PEO,β为0.166)。交联度-辐照剂量曲线显示,交联度随辐照剂量的增加而增加,为设计新型能功能材料中所需的固定交联度的PAN/PEO凝胶提供了辐照剂量参考值。     

光度法研究壳聚糖交联粉煤灰对Mn2＋的吸附性能

常温下,以壳聚糖和酸性粉煤灰为原料,制备壳聚糖交联酸性粉煤灰吸附剂;用光度法分析其对Mn2＋的吸附性能.结果表明：交联时,当壳聚糖与酸性粉煤灰的质量比为1∶11,交联剂用量为2mL/g;吸附时,废水pH为6,吸附时间为90min,吸附剂用量为10g/L时,Mn2＋去除率为97.6％.     

交联聚丙烯压电驻极体的压电性能及振动能量采集研究

以电子束辐照交联聚丙烯(IXPP)泡沫薄板为原材料, 首先利用热压工艺对微观结构进行改性, 然后采用电晕充电方法对样品实施极化处理, 使之具有压电效应, 成为压电驻极体. 通过准静态和动态压电系数d₃₃、复电容谱, 以及等温衰减的测量, 研究了IXPP压电驻极体膜的机电耦合性能; 同时考察了基于IXPP压电驻极体膜的振动能量采集器在{3-3}模式下对环境振动能的俘获. 结果表明, IXPP压电驻极体的准静态压电系数d₃₃可高达620 pC/N; 厚度方向的杨氏模量和品质因数(FOM, d₃₃·g₃₃)分别是0.7 MPa和11.2 GPa^-1; 在50, 70和90℃下进行等温老化, 经过24 h后, IXPP压电驻极体膜的准静态压电系数d₃₃分别降低到初始值的54%, 43%和29%; 采用面积为3.14 cm²的IXPP压电驻极体膜为换能元件, 当振子质量为25.6 g, 振动频率为820 Hz时, 振动能量采集器在匹配负载附近可以输出高达65 μW/g²的功率.     

微乳液法制备海藻酸铁微粒

采用微乳液法制备了海藻酸铁微粒,并探索了表面活性剂用量、原料投量比、搅拌速度和时间等各种因素对海藻酸铁微粒粒径及形态的影响。研究结果表明,在表面活性剂质量与石油醚的体积比为1:5(g/mL)、海藻酸钠浓度2.0%、搅拌时间为3h以及搅拌速度为1000r/min的条件下,制得了平均粒径为9.25μm的海藻酸铁微粒。     

低场固体NMR研究纳米复合凝胶结构与动力学

纳米复合水凝胶复杂的微观结构和动力学决定了其宏观性能,阐明其结构和动力学的非均匀性对揭示凝胶相变机理、认识其宏观物理和化学性质和设计新型高分子凝胶都具有重要意义.通过合成不同粘土含量的系列聚异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAm)/锂藻土纳米复合水凝胶,运用多种先进的低场固体NMR技术详细研究了凝胶微观结构和动力学的非均匀性.首先建立了分析多组分凝胶体系中刚性和柔性高分子组分相对含量的计算方法,然后在不同粘土含量下,通过测量凝胶FID信号和质子T1定量研究了凝胶中刚性和柔性高分子组分的相对含量;通过偶极滤波双量子NMR实验,研究了体系中与交联密度关联的残余偶极作用参数随黏土含量的变化.结果表明:在纳米复合水凝胶中,随着粘土含量的增加,凝胶中聚合物的刚性相增加,而柔性相下降,当粘土含量达到12%(Wclay/Wwater)时体系中的刚性相含量趋于平衡.多量子实验结果表明,随着粘土含量的增加,纳米复合水凝胶中高分子链的残余偶极作用参数逐渐增大,反映了体系中高分子链的受限运动和二维无机纳米片层形成的物理交联密度增大的趋势.     

BSA-SDS-Ag聚合物纳米微粒的制备及其水凝胶性质的研究（Ⅰ）

报道了BSA－SDS－Ag聚合物纳米微粒的制备及水凝胶的性质,用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、傅里叶变换红外（FT－IR）光谱考察了这种聚合物微粒的结构,微粒粒径32nm左右,用UV／Vis光谱及SEM考察了冰凝胶的性,表明Ag^ 离子先与BSA产生化学键合,再学原了Ag粒,进行聚合成网状结构的聚合物。     

Preparation and Swelling Behavior of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide Nanocomposite Hydrogels in Electrolyte Solutions

In this research, nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared by cross‐linking of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide/sodium montmorillonite aqueous solutions with chromium triacetate. The gelation process and influence of nanoclay content and salt concentration on swelling behavior were investigated. Study of gelation behavior using dynamic rheometry method showed that increasing the nanoclay content decreases the storage modulus, due to the partial adsorption of polymer chains onto the clay surface and ionic interaction between negative layers of sodium montmorillonite and Cr.³⁺ By increasing the cross‐linker concentration of the gelation system, the viscous energy dissipation properties of the nanocomposite gel decreases. Swelling ratio of the nanocomposite gels in distilled water decreased as the concentration of the nanoclay increased. However, nanocomposite gels showed lower salt sensitivity in electrolyte media compared with unfilled gels.     

Preparation and Properties of Polyurethane Hydrogels Based on Hexamethylene Diisocyanate/Polycaprolactone-Polyethylene Glycol

Hydrogels are considered an optimum material for controlled release drug systems and tissue engineering scaffolds since they are tri-dimensional networks. In this work hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used to prepare polyurethane prepolymers using diethylene glycol (DEG) as a chain-extender. Then the prepolymer was used to fabricate the HMDI/PCL-PEG/DEG polyurethane hydrogels by free radical polymerization using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a cross-linking agent. The influences of the ratio of polyol on the contact angle, swelling ratio, morphology and cytotoxicity in-vitro of the HMDI/PCL-PEG/DEG polyurethane hydrogel were investigated. The biological behavior of the polyurethane hydrogels was analyzed by studying the cell behavior using the standard biological MTT (3–4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) test. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra results showed that the polyurethane hydrogels were successfully synthesized. The change of the molar the ratio of the polyhydric alcohols (PEG and PCL) played important roles in the swelling degree, the contact angle and the pore size. The HMDI/PCL-PEG/DEG polyurethane hydrogel (PCL/PEG = 1:3) was hydrophilic with many more large pores while the polyurethane hydrogel with PCL/PEG = 3:1 had a dense structure. The fibroblastic cell proliferation improved with decreasing relative PEG content; however, there were insignificant differences (P > 0.05) on all days of observation of the samples with various PEG contents compared with the negative control group. The MTT assays revealed that the cells were able to grow and proliferate quite quickly in the extracts of the HMDI/PCL-PEG/DEG polyurethane hydrogels as well as the extract of the negative control.     

Preparation and Properties of Polyurethane Hydrogels Based on Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate/Polycaprolactone-Polyethylene Glycol

Polyurethane (PU) hydrogel is an important biomedical material for drug controlled release systems, wound dressings and medical bandages. Three series of polyurethane prepolymers based on methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), using diethylene glycol (DEG), N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) or dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA), as the chain-extender, were prepared. Then the polyurethane hydrogels were obtained from the prepolymers, using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a cross-linking agent, by free radical polymerization. The influences of the types of chain-extenders and polyols on the contact angle, swelling ratio and morphology of the polyurethane hydrogels were investigated. The effect of the variety of the chain-extenders in the PU hydrogel on the drug release behavior was also studied. The FT-IR results showed that the PU hydrogels were successfully synthesized. The introduction of PEG improved the hydrophilicity of the PU hydrogels. The MDI/PCL-PEG/DEG hydrogel was hydrophobic, and there were small micropores on its surface; while the MDI/PCL-PEG/DMPA and MDI/PCL-PEG/MDEA hydrogels had high hydrophilicity and a micropouous structure on their surface due to the existence of carboxyl and tertiary amino functional groups. The change of chain-extenders had no significant effect on the cumulative drug release of chloramphenicol from the PU hydrogels. However, the introduction of PEG increased the drug release rate. The chloramphenicol release kinetics from the MDI/PCL-PEG hydrogels indicated non-Fickian diffusion.     

Preparation and Characterization of Biopolymers Chitosan/Alginate/Gelatin Gel Spheres Crosslinked by Glutaraldehyde

Twelve different samples of gel spheres were prepared from the biopolymers chitosan, alginate, and gelatin via polyion complex formation in aqueous solution with crosslinking by glutaraldehyde. Dropwise addition of a chitosan/gelatin solution into a solution containing alginate and glutaraldehyde gave the gel spheres. The effects of different ratios of glutaraldehyde (0.25%, 0.50%, 1.0%, and 2.0%), and gelatin (2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0%) on the characteristics of the gel spheres were evaluated. An increase in the concentration of the glutaraldehyde led to forming true spheres in rigid form. By scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the gel spheres showed fibrous network propagation along the gel membrane surface. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed the crosslinking of the amino groups by the glutaraldehyde and the presence of crosslinking bonds between the amino groups of chitosan and the carboxyl groups in the alginate molecule. Swelling studies showed that increasing the degree of crosslinking increased the density of the polymer network, which led to a decrease in the degree of swelling. The characteristics of the gel spheres will be useful for immobilization and prolonged release of biologically active substances.     

Preparation and Characterization of Agarose-Gelatin Blend Hydrogels as a Cell Encapsulation Matrix: An In-Vitro Study

Cell encapsulation represents an alternative nonviral technique to treat multiple diseases, leading to a reduction or even absence of administration of immunosuppressants. Hydrogels have been introduced as novel materials suitable for cell encapsulation. This study involves agarose–gelatin blend hydrogels with four different weight percentage ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75) of agarose to gelatin. Prepared blend hydrogels were assessed in terms of rheological behavior (gel point by using complex viscosity), cell attachment (hemocytometer), cell viability and cytotoxicity (3-(3,4-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliium bromide, MTT assay), and mechanical and integral stability (Bradford test and shear force rupture assay, respectively). Based on the obtained rheological experimental results, the sol-gel transition point for 50:50 was in the physiological condition range (35°C–37°C). The percent of nonattached cells on the surface of the hydrogel decreased from 92% for the 100:0 sample to 46.3% for the 50:50 sample, and the cell viability was more than 95%. A good structural integrity was achieved for samples with weight ratio of 50:50; 20.195% gelatin was released during the 24 h in phosphate buffer solution at 25°C and the mechanical stability of agarose–gelatin microcapsules under shear force were improved about 14% rather than pure agarose microcapsule.     

含纳米棒银溶胶的制备及其光谱性质研究

以CTAB表面活性剂胶束为模板用化学还原法制备出含有银纳米棒的银胶体,用透射电镜(TEM)对颗 粒形貌进行了表征.UV Vis吸收谱显示,含银纳米棒溶胶有两个吸收蜂,其中长波长吸收峰位置随胶粒长径比增 加迅速红移和宽化.用多尺寸统计平均的Mie散射模型计算了纳米棒银胶体的吸收谱,较好地解释了长波长吸收 峰的宽化.以此胶体为衬底材料,测量了染料分子的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS),结果显示,SERS强度随胶体中 所含纳米棒长径比的增加呈现先显著增强后缓慢减弱的变化规律,用电磁增强理论对有关现象进行了分析.