Determination of trace elements in Rheum moorcroftianum by AAS

Micro and macro elements such as Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Na, K, Ca and Li were detected from Rheum moorcroftianum Royle, a plant used in folk medicines. Altitudinal and seasonal variation of these trace elements in cultivated and wild roots and leaves of R. moorcroftianum were quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The highest concentrations of Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Na, K, Ca and Li were found to be 376.0?±?0.9, 83.0?±?4.6, 322.0?±?6.0, 920.0?±?1.9, 72.0?±?1.5, 402.0?±?7.8, 10,235.0?±?7.0, 12,336.0?±?2.6 and 59.9?±?0.3 mg?kg(-1), respectively, in all the samples analysed.     

Assessment of metal contamination in an urban drainage system (using water and tilapia, Oreochromis spp.) in view of human health effect. A case study of some selected communities in Cape Coast township in Ghana

This research work aimed at studying the metal content of water and tilapia fish sample, Oreochromis spp., from a wastewater-fed pond around the University of Cape Coast community using instrumental neutron activation analysis. The metals studied were Al, As, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, V and Zn. In the water samples the order of elemental concentrations at sampling point 1, in ??g/g, was K (75.96?±?0.92), Na (18.52?±?0.35), Al (6.00?±?0.89), Mn (3.28?±?0.44), As (3.08?±?0.40), Mg (1.56?±?0.17), Ca (0.70?±?0.08), Cu (0.54?±?0.08) and V (0.04?±?0.01). Co, Cr, Fe and Zn were below detection limits of INAA. The order of elemental concentrations in the water at point 2 was as follows: Na (4.99?±?0.14), K (4.82?±?0.89), Mn (4.40?±?0.53), Mg (2.92?±?0.37), Al (1.98?±?0.21), As (0.69?±?0.10), Ca (0.24?±?0.07) and V (0.23?±?0.06) with Co, Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn falling below the detection limit of INAA. The concentrations recorded for Al, As, Cu and Mn in the water samples were all above WHO permissible limits. The mean levels of heavy metals in the soft tissue of tilapia was of the order: K?>?Mg?>?Fe?>?Ca?>?Na?>?Al?>?Mn?>?Zn?>?V?>?Cu?>?Cr?>?Co. Arsenic was below detection limit. The transfer factor values calculated for the metals Al, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na and V were all greater than one indicating movement of metals from the water column to the tilapia species. The hazard index (HI) calculated for Al, Fe, Mn and V suggested possible occurrence of adverse health effects (HI?>?1) where as the HI value obtained for Cr, Cu and Zn (i.e., HI?<?1) suggested unlikely adverse effects occurring.     

A trace element study of commercial infant milk and cereal formulas

Three commercial infant milk formulas, one commercial infant cereal formula and one locally grown cereal used for infant feeding in Nigeria were analyzed for 17 trace elements, viz: Al, As, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Se and Zn. The commercial milk formulas contain adequate amounts of Ca, Cl, Co, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and Zn, the locally grown cereal contains adequate amounts of Co, K, Mg, Mn and Zn and low in Ca, Cl, Fe and Na while the commercial cereal has adequate amounts of Ca, Cl, Co, K, Mg, Na and Zn. None of the samples analyzed was found to contain any elements up to threshold toxicity limits of concentrations.     

Trace element profile of a wild edible mushroom (Suillus granulatus)

Seventeen elements, Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, V, and Zn (macroelements and trace elements) were investigated by Atomic Spectrometries on a particular wild edible mushroom collected in the central region of Argentina during 2 different years in the same season. The metal content profile in Suillus granulatus samples is given. The found quantities of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, P, V, and Al were 0.40, 10.84, 0.48, 0.30, 0.57, 4.24, 0.18, and 1.23 g/kg dry weight, respectively. The levels of Li, Cu, Zn, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr, and Mn were 0.98, 23.02, 22.30, 0.26, 0.16, 1.17, 0.90, and 28.75 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Pb was not detected at the investigated levels. The results indicate that the levels of metals in the analyzed samples are not considered to be a health risk. In order to demonstrate the validity of our method, a recovery study was performed with acceptable results.     

The comparison of sample extraction procedures for the determination of cations in soil by IC and ICP-AES

This paper presents the extraction of cations from a soil sample, type ranker on serpentinite, in deionized water, by use of three different extraction techniques. The first extraction technique included the use of a rotary mixer, the second technique involved the use of a microwave digestion system with different extraction temperatures, and the third technique employed an ultrasonic bath with different extraction times. Ion chromatography was used for determining the concentration of Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg and ammonium ions in soil extracts with subsequent determination of concentrations for all cations, except for ammonium ion extraction, conducted by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry. The results of cation extractions showed that microwave assisted extraction was most efficient for the Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Co, Mn, Ni, Pb and ammonium ions. Use of a rotary mixer for extraction was most efficient for Cd and Zn ions, while use of ultrasound bath was most efficient for Cr, Cu, Fe and Al ions. Several times higher amount of cations extracted by the most efficient, compared to the second best technique, under optimal conditions, were noticed in the case of: Ca, Mg, Co, Mn, Fe, Al, and Zn ions.     

Instrumental neutron activation analysis of brewer's yeast

Instrumental neutron activation was used for the determination of 23 trace and minor elements in 4 different samples of brewer's yeast. Detection limits for these elements vary from 2 ppb to 100 ppm. The following average concentrations were found (ppm, dry weight): Al 597, Br 0.36, Cl 1473, Co 0.21, Cu 19, Fe 285, K 16 400, Mg 1355, Mn 8.4, Na 2330, Rb 19, Sb 0.053, Se 1.2, V 2.2 and Zn 80. NBS standard 1569 was also analyzed and the following concentrations (in ppm) were measured: Al 2300, Br 0.65, Ce 0.23, Cl 460, Co 0.26, Cr 2.12, Cu 11, Fe 707, Gd 7.1, Hf 0.13, K 15 500, Mg 1780, Mn 7, Na 510, Rb 16, Sb 0.075, Sc 0.18, Se 0.92, Th 3.7, Ti 38, U 0.49, V 4.1 and Zn 70.     

Determination of trace elements of some Egyptian crops by instrumental neutron activation,inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometric and flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis

Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used for the determination of Al, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Ti, Th, V and Zn, ICP-AES for the determination Al, Ag, Ba, Be, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Sc, Sr, Ti, V and Zn and flameless AAS for the determination of Cd, Hg and Pb in egg plant, potatoes, green pepper (Leguminosae), vegetable marrow (Cucurbitaceae), pears, apple (Rosaceae), castor oil plant (Euphorbiaceae), lettuce (compositae), dill, parsley, coriander (Umbelliferae), and in some soil samples collected from Aswan province.     

Instrumental neutron activation analysis of 23 individual food articles from a high altitude region

Twenty-three individual food items commonly consumed in a high altitude region (Kashmir) have been investigated using instrumental neutron activation analysis. The concentration of Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Se, Sn, and Zn is reported for these food articles. For quality assurance of our data, IAEA and NIST standard reference materials have also been studied. The dietary intake of these elements was calculated in accordance with the weekly food selection habits of the residents of this area. The dietary contribution of most of these elements was found to be in agreement to the RDA/ESadi levels. The purpose was to design a database of essential elements for this area and to study the adequacy levels of these elements in different dietary items. Fairly adequate intake of Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Se, Sn, and Zn through these foodstuffs is reported, whereas, lower intakes through these items were found for Cl, K, and Na.     

Comparative instrumental multi-element analysis I: Comparison of ICP source mass spectrometry with ICP atomic emission spectrometry, ICP atomic fluorescence spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry for the analysis of natural waters from a granite region

Summary Multi-element analysis by ICP source mass spectrometry for practically matrix-free natural waters, coming from a granitic area and, therefore, rich in trace elements, has been compared with ICP-atomic emission, ICP atomic fluorescence and atomic absorption spectrometry. The following elements have been investigated and their concentrations are in the decreasing order: Ca, Si, Na, Mg, K, Al; Sr, Mn, Ba, Fe, Rb, Zn, B, U, Y, Li, La, Be, Cs, Co, Cr, V, Sb, Bi, Th, Cu, Cd, Ni, Se, Pb, As, Hg, Mo, Tl, Sn. The concentration ranges were between 10 ppm and <0.01 ppb.As a measure of agreement between the different methods under investigation, two criteria have been used (a) the relative variation coefficient VK (%) of the mean element concentration of an element, determined by different methods in all the 98 water samples and (b) the linear, logarithmic and Spearman rank correlation coefficients between ICP-MS and each of the other methods. Detection limits are given from literature for about 32 elements using different methods.The elements Ca, Na, Mg, K, Mn, Sr, Zn, Fe, Li, Cu have been determined with ICP-MS, ICP-AES and AAS; Al, Ba with ICP-MS and ICP-AES; Si only with ICP-AES, whereas B, Be, Bi, Co, Cr, Cs, Hg, La, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sn, Th, Tl, U, V, Y only with ICP-MS. In all 34 of the investigated 36 elements could be analysed by ICP-MS, 14 (from about 20 possible) by AAS, 13 by ICP-AES and 12 by ICP-AFS.The agreement between ICP-MS and ICP-AES as well as between ICP-MS and AAS in most cases is remarkably good according to (a). VK (%) for each element in 98 water samples is in the range from ±2.6 to 10% for Na, Mg, Ca, K, Fe, Sr, Ba, Cu, Li (increasing order). Cd and Zn have unexpectedly higher values (±17.3 and ±20.5%); Cd concentrations are, however, near the detection limit.Comparing the different methods on the basis of correlation coefficients according to (b), gives for the Spearman rank correlation coefficient over the whole range of concentrations, respectively for ICP-MS/ICP-AES, AAS, ICP-AFS in case of Ca: 0.998; 0.984; 0.899; Na: 0.993; 0.991; 0.978; Mg: 0.997; 0.993; 0.959; K: 0.986; 0.942; 0.677; Al: 0.987; -; -; Fe: 0.864; 0.974; 0.701; Mn: 0.989; 0.990; 0.198; Sr: 0.988; 0.992; -; Zn: 0.894; 0.819; 0.300; Cu: -; 0.977; 0.202; Li: -; 0.907; 0.586.It is evident from these trace element concentrations as well as the electrical conductivities, that only about three fourths of the investigated samples are typical granitic waters and the remaining ones are associated with different geological background. The samples have been mainly radon waters with more than 18 nCi/l of Rn-222.

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Vergleichende Instrumentelle Multielementanalyse I: Vergleich von ICP-Massenspektrometrie mit ICP-Atomemissionsspektrometrie, ICP-Atomfluorescenzspektrometrie und Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie zur Analyse natürlicher Wässer aus einem Granitgebiet

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6th Contribution to the principles of trace analysis of elements and radionuclides

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Dedicated to Professor Dr. H. Kelker, Frankfurt, on the occasion of his 65th birthday     

Determination of macro and trace elements in canned marine products by inductively coupled plasma—optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and ICP—mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

This study determined the concentration of eight macroelements (Na, K, Mg, P, S, Ca, Fe, Zn) and nineteen trace elements (Li, Be, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, V, Cu, Ga, Se, Rb, Sr, In, Sn, Cs, Ba, Tl, Bi, U) in commonly consumed canned marine products from South Korea. The samples were wet-digested using nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide by a microwave system and analyzed for macroelements using inductively coupled plasma—optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and for trace elements by inductively coupled plasma—mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The analytical methods were validated by the correlation coefficients, limits of detection and quantification, correlation variance, spiking recovery tests, and analyzing a NIST 1566?b oyster tissue certified reference material. The concentrations of macro and trace elements varied among the canned marine products. The macroelements were present in the order of Na?>?K?>?P?>?S> Mg?>?Ca?>?Fe?>?Zn. In general, the concentrations of macro and trace elements were within the specified limits of Food and Nutrition Board, Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives, and Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Korea. The results suggest that the analyzed canned marine products are safe in terms of the analyzed elements and their consumption therefore does not cause any threat to human health.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定紫斑牡丹胚乳和胚中矿物质元素

为了给离体体细胞胚的人工胚乳配制提供矿物质元素种类和数量方面的参考,用浓硝酸-高氯酸(4∶1)的混合溶液消解紫斑牡丹的胚乳和胚样品,采用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了样品中的(K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Li、Ni、B、Ag、Cd、Pb)14种矿物质元素含量。结果表明:各元素的校准曲线的回归系数在0.9990～0.9999之间,线性良好;方法精密度高,能多元素同时分析;紫斑牡丹胚乳和胚中均含有植物生长必需的K、Ca、Mg 3种大量元素,Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ni、B 6种微量元素,1种有益元素Na,及Li和Pb,Ag、Cd则未被检测到。在被检测到的12种元素中,Mg、Zn、Mn、Fe、K、Na、Li与Ni 8种元素在胚乳中的含量低于胚中的含量,Ca、Cu、Pb与B在胚乳中的含量则高于胚中的含量。     

Determination of minor, trace and toxic elements in chewing tobacco products by instrumental neutron activation analysis and identification of glutamic acid

Tobacco smoking/chewing has been a cause of concern because of it being related with oral cancer. It causes stimulation and ill physiological effects. Ten different brands of spit tobacco, eight gutkaas and five paan masalas have been analyzed for seven minor (Al, Na, K, Ca, Cl, Mg, and P) and 17 trace (As, Ba, Br, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Eu, Fe, Hg, La, Mn, Rb, Sb, Sc, Th, and Zn) elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Also Ni and Pb were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Concentration of Cd was below detection limit (<10?mg?kg^?1) in the tobacco samples. Mg, generally added as MgCO₃ to prevent caking, is present as minor constituent in spit tobacco and gutkaas but is below detection limit (<1?g?kg^?1) in paan masalas. Most elemental concentrations vary in a wide range depending on the nature of chewing tobacco. Spit tobacco has been found to be more enriched in essential elements (Ca, K, Na, P, Mn, and Rb), whereas gutkaas contain higher concentrations of Fe, Cr, Cu, and Zn. Paan masalas contain lower contents of other elements but higher content of Hg. Gutkaas also contain higher amounts of As and Pb. Further glutamic acid has been separated from tobacco leaves and characterized as it might bind with some elements.     

Trace metal accumulation in tissues of sole (Solea senegalensis) and the relationships with the abiotic environment

The distribution patterns and the organ-specific accumulation trends of 10 trace metals (iron, manganese, zinc, copper, chromium, nickel, cobalt, lead, cadmium and silver) and 4 major elements (sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium) in 10 different tissues (heart, muscle, kidney, stomach, intestine, liver, gill, gonads, white skin and dark skin) of a benthic fish species (Solea senegalensis) from a densely populated coastal area affected by anthropogenic activities, the Bay of Cadiz (SW Spain), have been investigated. High variability of metal concentrations among tissues were found for Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb and Ag. Factor analysis was applied to study this variability. Five principal components were found explaining the 92.95% of the total variance and similarities in behavioural patterns of bioaccumulation were described. They associated Mg, Cr, Ni and Mn to intestine and stomach tissues (PC1), Ag, Cu and Cd to liver (PC2), Zn, K and Co to gonads (PC3), Na, Fe and Pb to gill, heart and kidney tissues (PC4) and Ca, Pb and Mn to gill and dark skin (PC5). The metallic concentration in the sediment and water was also studied. The pollution in this area was found moderate with outstanding values of Zn, Cu and Pb (average values of 139, 50.4 and 75.6?mg?kg^?1, respectively) in sediment and dissolved Cu (average value of 2.5?µg?L^?1). Metal bioconcentration trends followed the order Zn?>?Cu?>?Cd?>?Pb for dissolved metals in seawater, Cu?>?Zn?>?Cd?>?Pb?≈?Mn?>?Fe?≈?Ni?≈?Co for metals associated to particulate matter and Zn?≈?Cu?>?Cd?>?Mn?>?Co?≈?Fe?>?Ni?≈?Pb?>?Cr for metals in the sediment. Higher values were found for copper in liver, zinc in gonads and lead in gill, showing the relationship between biotic and abiotic environment. In addition, Cd bioconcentration factors were found high in liver and gill showing the sensitivity of sole to this metal even at low concentrations.     

Hg~(2+)荧光传感器的设计及合成(英文)

设计合成了一种新颖的基于萘荧光基团的Hg2+荧光传感器.通过荧光光谱滴定实验研究了其对Hg2+、Li+、Na+、K+、Zn2+、Co2+、Ni 2+、Cu2+、Fe2+、Mn2+、Cr3+和Fe3+等金属离子的选择性识别能力.结果表明,该传感器在生理pH=7.4的H2O-DMSO中对Hg2+表现出较高的选择性,并且形成1∶1的配合物;主客体相互作用荧光猝灭的络合常数为(9.07±0.41)×104.     

Multielement determination in cattle hair infested withBoophilus microplus by instrumental neutron activation analysis

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was applied to estimate the concentrations of Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mo, Mn, Na, Se and Zn in hair samples from Holstein-Friesan male calves, which were infested withBoophilus microplus larvae and, also from healthy animals. These results were obtained in order to evaluate if is there a significant difference between the trace element concentrations in hair samples from infested and healthy animals.     

Mineral constituents of edible parasol mushroom Macrolepiota procera (Scop. ex Fr.) Sing and soils beneath its fruiting bodies collected from a rural forest area

Concentrations and interrelationships of twenty elements were studied in parasol mushroom and in the top layer of soil (0–10 cm) from the area of Kiwity (Poland). K, P, Mg, Ca, and Zn were found to be the most abundant elements in the mushroom. Higher concentrations of Fe, Mn, Na, Ni occurred in stipes then in caps, while Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Rb dominated in caps. Ag, Al, and Ba concentrations in caps and stipes were similar. Parasol mushroom is efficient in up-take and separation of Ag, Cd, Cu, Hg, K (in caps, the bioconcentration factor is BCF ≥ 100), Na, P, Rb (50 < BCF < 100), and Mg, Zn (BCF > 10) in its fruiting bodies, while Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Sr, and Pb are eliminated (BCF < 1). Parasol mushroom from rural forest area in the north-eastern region of Poland is of hygienic concern for human health because of toxic mercury and cadmium content in the edible caps, which are also rich in essential Cu, Fe, and their K, Mn, and Zn content is also high.     

Status of trace and toxic elements pollution in creek ecosystem using TXRF method

The economic development worldwide has brought in its wake many changes in the environment. Marine ecosystem which forms a part of this environment has been subjected to impact of industrialisation and urbanization. The study has been carried out in the creek ecosystem of Mumbai receiving the effluents from industrial and urban settlements. The trace elements such as P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Rb and Sr were analysed in the creek water collected from the side receiving industrial effluent and discharges from the urban settlements using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. On comparing the concentration of the trace element from the mid stream water of the creek with the water samples collected from the industrial and city effluent receiving side, it was found that the concentration of P, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb and As were found higher in the industrial side of the creek whereas V, Cr and Ni concentration were found higher in the samples collected from the side receiving city effluent.     

Characterization of Polish rape and honeydew honey according to their mineral contents using ICP-MS and F-AAS/AES

In this work twelve elements (Al, B, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni and Zn) were determined in 30 honey samples from various locations within Poland and in two different types of honey--rape and honeydew. Trace elements (Al, B, Cr, Mn and Ni) were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), however, major elements (Ca, K, Mg, Na) and Cu, Fe, Zn were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (F-AAS). Cluster analysis of honey data revealed that the origin of honey samples correlated with their chemical composition. It was shown that rape honey includes lower amounts of manganese than honeydew honeys. Also honeydew honey includes much higher concentrations of Al, Cu, K, Fe and Ni in comparison with rape honey. Moreover honeydew honey was found to have a higher mineral content, which reflects sources from which the honey is composed. Trace element analysis showed that the differences in the values found in honey samples could be used as evidence of the quality of honey samples.     

Availability of essential elements in bhasmas: Analysis of Ayurvedic metallic preparations by INAA

Summary Twenty bhasmas based on Ca, Fe, Zn, Hg, Ag, K, As, Cu, Sn and gemstones have been analyzed for main constituent elements along with minor (Na, K, Mg, Ca, P), trace (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Hg) and toxic elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) including their C, H, N and S contents. Siddhamakaradhwaja, an Hg preparation and Swet parpati of K were found to be stoichiometrically HgS and KNO3     

苦丁茶的微量元素测定及其保健功能初探

用原子吸收光谱法测定了苦丁茶中Zn,Cu,Mn,Fe,Ca,Mg,Sr,Co,Li,Rb,K,Ni的含量，发现其中Zn,Mn,Cu,Mg,K,Rb,Fe,Li的含量比其他茶高得多。并根据测定结果，初步讨论了苦丁茶的保健功能。