核黄素与NADH在紫光波段的激光诱导荧光光谱研究

基于细胞代谢荧光体的激光诱导荧光探测,在生物反应过程监测与生物活性物质探测中具有广泛的应用.本文利用波长可调谐激光光源,结合液体射流进样装置,研究了核黄素与NADH等生物荧光体在紫光波段(389nm～404nm)激发的荧光光谱,并考察了激光强度、样品浓度等参数对荧光光谱特性的影响.实验观察到核黄素的激发光谱在402.5nm处出现“波谷”,具有特征性,选择403.5nm激光激发,核黄素的浓度灵敏度约为NADH的八百分之一.这些结果为发展生物荧光探测与识别技术提供了新的基础数据.     

基于本征荧光的生物气溶胶测量激光雷达性能

为研究本征荧光对生物气溶胶粒子探测精度的影响,本文在阐述生物气溶胶荧光光谱信号探测原理的基础上,设计了一台紫外激光诱导荧光雷达.该雷达选用波长为266 nm的四倍频固体激光器作为激励光源,基于本征荧光波长、探测距离等主要参数,对生物气溶胶荧光光谱回波信号的信噪比及粒子浓度的最小分辨率进行数值仿真分析.仿真结果表明,在探测误差小于10%的情况下,距离为1.5 km时,系统对生物气溶胶荧光波长的有效探测范围为300—800 nm;而在距离为2.1 km时,荧光波长的有效探测范围为300—310 nm.此外,在探测距离定义为0.1 km,荧光波长为350和600 nm时,系统对物气溶胶粒子浓度的最小分辨率分别为2个颗粒/L和4个颗粒/L,最小分辨率的差值为2个颗粒/L.仿真结果有利于了解荧光波长变动时激光雷达系统的探测准确度,进而实现大气生物气溶胶更加有效的探测.     

皮肤的光学性质研究

为了确认通过皮肤进行基于卟啉荧光的元创恶性肿瘤诊断的可行性,应用光谱法分析研究了人皮肤的光学特性。通过测量皮肤的反射光谱、透射光谱和荧光光谱分析确定皮肤中的发光物质及其光谱对卟啉荧光的影响。用280nm激发光对皮肤进行激发,测到皮肤在360nm发出的荧光。与牛血清白蛋白的荧光光谱比较,确定发光物质是某类蛋白质。选择350nm激发光对皮肤进行激发,测得了与离体类胡萝卜素荧光452nm相同的荧光,所以皮肤中的发光物质有类胡萝卜素。光谱分析还表明,皮肤的荧光中还有弹性蛋白和还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)的荧光发射,荧光峰分别在400,460nm。黑色素不发荧光,但皮肤中可能还存在氧化的黑色素,它的荧光波长是580nm,这些都与卟啉的荧光波长不同。由此可见皮肤中发光物质不会影响卟啉荧光的探测。由皮肤的透射光谱观察到,卟啉的荧光波长恰好在皮肤的透射窗口内,从而进一步确定了卟啉荧光的无创探测的可能性。     

不同紫外波段激发生物气溶胶荧光雷达系统性能分析

基于激光诱导生物荧光技术,分别采用紫外355nm和266nm激光作为激发光源,构建生物气溶胶荧光雷达监测系统模型.综合考虑不同激发波段,臭氧吸收以及太阳背景光等因素对激光雷达荧光探测效果的影响,对系统性能进行数值仿真分析.仿真结果表明,在四倍频266nm紫外波段的激光激发下,系统受地表臭氧的影响,白天的有效探测距离非常有限;在系统信噪比为10(SNR=10),臭氧浓度为50μg/L时,最大探测距离仅为300m;而夜间情况下,太阳背景光影响减弱,探测距离约为450m.三倍频355nm激发时,臭氧对系统的探测性能影响较小,夜间探测距离可达750m;白天太阳背景光对355nm的系统影响较大,在相同0.5mrad接收视场角下,其有效探测距离约为330m.为减少白天背景光的影响,将望远镜接收视场角压缩到0.3mrad,同时选用50nm带宽的滤光片,此时系统的探测距离为480m.由于355nm波段的激发荧光受白天太阳背景光的影响较大,在进行夜间探测时才可获得较好的效果;而266nm的激发波段可以很好的抑制背景光影响,能够实现对生物气溶胶的白天有效探测.     

激光诱导等离子体光谱空间分布特性

激光波长和激光入射角是影响激光诱导等离子体空间分布和光谱强度空间分布特性的重要因素.基于流体动力学和SAHA方程,仿真了激光诱导等离子体的二维空间演化过程,研究了激发等离子体的辐射光谱空间分布特性及激光波长、入射角度等参数对等离子体特征谱线空间分布特性的影响.研究结果表明:波长为1064 nm的激光在不同延时条件下,最佳激光入射角度均为0°.当入射角度为0°时,所激发的等离子体辐射在不同的探测角度处均有较强的光谱信号,且在100,500,1000 ns延时条件下,最佳探测角分别为±41°、±11°和±12°.对于不同的波长,当延时分别为100 ns和500 ns且激光以0°入射时,长波长激光所激发的等离子体光谱在不同探测角处的强度均强于短波长激光.当延时为100 ns时,1064 nm波长激光所激发的光谱在最佳探测角位置的强度约为532 nm和266 nm波长激光所激发的光谱在各自最佳探测角位置强度的2倍.随着探测角绝对值的减小,等离子体辐射光谱强度先增大,到达最佳探测角后强度再减小.入射波长分别为532 nm和1064 nm的激光诱导击穿光谱实验结果验证了仿真结果.     

运动训练大鼠的自体荧光研究

首次通过激光诱导荧光光谱技术(LIF)研究运动训练大鼠心脏、肾脏、肝脏、脂肪以及前腿肌和后腿的比目鱼肌和腓肠肌的自体荧光光谱特性。测量所用的激发光波长为250～650 nm而发射波长为300～700 nm。比较参照组和3组不同运动状态组的三维荧光光谱,主要在腓肠肌的光谱中发现了和运动相关且位于激发波长(340±10)nm和发射波长(460±10)nm区域的特有荧光峰。根据这一荧光峰可以判别其对应的荧光物质是NADH(还原态烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸)。比较3组不同运动模式组的荧光光谱,发现运动模式与其峰强具有明显的相关性。研究结果表明,运动大鼠腓肠肌的能量代谢强于前腿、比目鱼肌及其他脏器,且NADH自体荧光光谱特性是判断肌肉代谢程度的有效的指标之一。     

激光诱导荧光探测水体中溶解有机物浓度

用Nd∶YAG激光器的三倍频355 nm光作为激发光源,根据激光诱导荧光（LIF）方法激发并探测污染水体的荧光光谱.通过对荧光光谱的分析处理研究归一化荧光强度,即450 nm处水中溶解有机物（DOM）峰与405 nm处水的拉曼峰的比值,反演溶解有机物浓度.用商品腐殖酸和去离子水配置成已知浓度的溶液代替标准DOM溶液进行标定,得到回归方程.结果证明,DOM的归一化荧光强度与水体中DOM浓度有较好的线性关系,因此LIF方法是对大面积水域水质进行动态遥测的较理想方法.     

激光诱导荧光探测水体中溶解有机物浓度

用Nd∶YAG激光器的三倍频355 nm光作为激发光源,根据激光诱导荧光(LIF)方法激发并探测污染水体的荧光光谱.通过对荧光光谱的分析处理研究归一化荧光强度,即450 nm处水中溶解有机物(DOM)峰与405 nm处水的拉曼峰的比值,反演溶解有机物浓度.用商品腐殖酸和去离子水配置成已知浓度的溶液代替标准DOM溶液进行标定,得到回归方程.结果证明,DOM的归一化荧光强度与水体中DOM浓度有较好的线性关系,因此LIF方法是对大面积水域水质进行动态遥测的较理想方法.     

配合物Eu(C5H8NO3)2(C3H5N2)2Cl3·3H2O光致发光性能

利用OPO激光激发光谱和三维荧光光谱研究了配合物Eu(C5H8NO3)2(C3H5N2)2Cl3·3H2O固体粉末在不同激发光源下的荧光特性,测试了不同浓度配合物水溶液的荧光光谱.固体荧光结果显示该配合物具有很好的荧光性能,当激发光波长为320-400nm时,产生波长分别为400-500nm、580-620nm及690-710nm的三个荧光区;当激发光波长为700-880nm时产生峰值为450nm升频转换荧光,激发光波长为700-800nm时产生峰值分别为590nm和615nm的升频转换荧光.溶液荧光结果表明在10-4-10-2mol/L浓度范围内荧光强度与溶液浓度呈正相关.对其可能的发光机制进行了探讨.     

铝离子对辅酶NADH分子荧光增强和构象变化的影响

烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)是生物体内重要的辅酶分子,在细胞能量代谢中发挥着关键作用。金属离子可以影响NADH所参与的酶促反应,其中铝离子（Al3+）对神经系统具有毒性,可以引发神经退行性疾病。因此,Al3+和NADH分子间相互作用的研究有助于了解Al3+对生物体内TCA循环和酶促反应的影响,具有重要的生物学意义。本文采用紫外-可见吸收和稳态荧光光谱,结合时间相关单光子计数技术(TCSPC),研究了Al3+对水溶液中NADH的本征荧光光谱和分子构象变化的影响。紫外-可见吸收光谱显示,NADH与Al3+的结合不会改变NADH分子腺嘌呤和烟酰胺两个本征发色团的吸收特性。为避免NADH分子内两个本征发色团之间的荧光共振能量转移效应的影响,采用340 nm作为激发波长,比较了NADH与Al3+作用前后的荧光特性。实验结果证实,Al3+可以与NADH焦磷酸盐桥上的两个氧原子相结合,使NADH分子的结构变得相对更加刚性,从而抑制NADH分子在溶液中的转动等非辐射过程,导致NADH分子平均荧光寿命增加,最终引起NADH分子荧光强度随Al3+浓度的增加而线性增强。进一步,采用NADH本征荧光寿命振幅比的研究方法表征了NADH分子在溶液中的两种主要构象形式：腺嘌呤和烟酰胺相互堆积的折叠构象以及腺嘌呤和烟酰胺相互分离的展开构象。研究发现,Al3+会打破溶液中NADH分子展开构象和折叠构象的平衡状态,促使辅酶NADH分子的展开构象转变为折叠构象,最终达到新的动态平衡,并且当NADH和Al3+以不大于1∶2的浓度比结合时,NADH分子两种构象的振幅比与铝离子浓度的对数间存在线性关系,在Al3+浓度检测等领域具有良好的应用前景。     

Laser Induced Fluorescence of Biochemical for UV LIDAR Application

Laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy in the ultraviolet regime has been used for the detection of biochemical through a fiber coupled CCD detector from a distance of 2 m. The effect of concentration and laser excitation energy on the fluorescence spectra of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) has been investigated. The signature fluorescence peak of NADH was centred about 460 nm. At lower concentration Raman peak centred at 405 nm was also observed. The origin of this peak has been discussed. Detection limit with the proposed set up is found to be 1 ppm.     

多光子激发荧光与毛细管电泳联用的实验研究

将多光子激发荧光探测与毛细管电泳技术相结合,研制了多光子激发荧光-毛细管电泳联用装置。这种方法可以高效快速的分离检测复杂样品中多种不同的荧光分子。作者对5HT,FAD,NADH这三种重要的生物分子,不用染料标记,分别用双光子激发和三光子激发,进行了直接的分离、识别和检测。得到的检测限分别是5HT 1.0×10-6 mol·L-1,FAD 7.4×10-７ mol·L-1,NADH 9.8×10-７ mol· L-1。5HT的检测限比紫外吸收低2个数量级;FAD和NADH的检测限比紫外吸收低1个数量级。     

Quantum memory on a charge qubit in an optical microresonator

Polarized fluorescence decay in NADH molecules in aqueous solution under two-photon excitation by femtosecond laser pulses has been studied. The excitation was carried out by linear and circularly polarized radiation at four wavelengths: 720, 730, 740, and 750 nm. Time-dependent polarized fluorescence signals were recorded as a function of the excitation light polarization and used for determination of a set of molecular parameters, two lifetimes characterizing the molecular excited states, and the rotation correlation time τ_rot. The results obtained can be used to create and prove theoretical models describing the intensity and polarization of fluorescence in NADH involved in the regulation of the redox reactions in cells and tissues of living organisms.     

多糖对白细胞荧光发射特性及变化机制研究

细胞微环境的稳定是保持细胞正常增殖、代谢和功能活动的重要条件,微环境成分的异常变化可使细胞发生病变。采用荧光光谱技术研究离体白细胞在多糖微环境中荧光发射特性的变化规律和发光机制,并进一步的分析了多糖对白细胞的生物活性的影响。实验结果表明：当白细胞受波长为407 nm的激光照射时,发射位于450 nm的荧光。在加入脂多糖或葡聚糖时,白细胞的荧光发射峰的位置不会变化,峰值受到影响。脂多糖的加入会减弱白细胞荧光峰强度,且荧光强度随脂多糖浓度（0～500 μg·mL-1范围内）的增加而持续减弱。而葡聚糖可以一定程度增加白细胞的荧光强度,浓度越高,荧光强度越大。分析认为白细胞发射的450 nm荧光来自发射物质烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)。白细胞内NADH随着离体时间的增长,被氧化成不发荧光的烟酰胺腺嘌呤磷酸二核苷酸（NAD+）,导致细胞荧光峰值下降,从而引起细胞凋亡。加入脂多糖产生的羟自由基（·OH）会与NADH发生氧化反应,因此脂多糖加速了NADH的消耗,导致白细胞荧光减弱,加快细胞凋亡。而葡聚糖主要是由葡萄糖单体组成,葡聚糖的加入会将NAD+还原成NADH,因此延缓了白细胞的凋亡。分析认为脂多糖可以加速白细胞的凋亡,提高细胞发生炎症甚至是肿瘤的机率,而葡聚糖对白细胞有保护作用。该研究为研究肿瘤的发生和发展过程以及治疗提供有价值的参考。     

Diagnosis of corneal pathology by laser fluorescence spectroscopy

We have studied the difference between the fluorescence spectra of the human cornea in vivo under normal conditions and after contact lenses have been worn for different lengths of time, with excitation by emission from a nitrogen laser (337 nm). The most significant sections of the difference spectrum were identified, corresponding to peaks for endogenous fluorophores (NADH and collagen). A high correlation was found between how long the contact lenses have been worn and the fluorescence intensity ratio for wavelengths 460 nm and 410 nm.     

Dual fluorescence and laser emissions from fluorescein-Na and eosin-B

Dual laser emissions were observed from fluorescein-Na and eosin-B in ethanolic solutions individually in the concentration range from 10⁻² to 10⁻³ mol dm⁻³ under N₂ laser excitation. The first compound was found to lase at two distinct regions with wavelength maxima around 540, 550 nm, while the second one around 558, 574 nm. Steady-state absorption, fluorescence excitation, fluorescence polarization, fluorescence emission and decays of the dyes in various solvents under varying conditions of excitation and detection systems were carried out to identify the nature of the emitting species responsible for laser emissions in two distinct regions. Both the dyes exhibited concentration and excitation wavelength dependence of fluorescence and the effects were found to be more pronounced in binary solution. The fluorescence decays of dyes were monoexponential in ethanol, while in some other solvents used, the decays showed biexponential behavior. The absorption and excitation studies using thin layers of solutions revealed the formation of dimers with the dye concentration around 1×10⁻³ mol dm⁻³. Fluorescence polarization and decay studies confirmed the presence of dimers. The two laser bands observed in the shorter and longer wavelengths were respectively ascribed to monomeric and dimeric species.     

Fluorescence spectra of cultured normal and malignant lung cells

Fluorescence Spectroscopy has emerged as a new modality to characterize physicochemical properties of biomolecules. The biomolecules have certain photophysical properties based on their molecular structure and these properties have been considered as useful parameters to monitor alterations in the functional, morphological and micro environmental changes in the cells and tissues. In this study the fluorescence emission spectra of normal and malignant lung cells were recorded for different excitation wavelengths: 230, 300, 340, and 450 nm, corresponding to the absorption of tyrosine, tryptophan, collagen or elastin, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adeno dinucleotide (FAD). Similarly excitation spectra were also recorded at 340 nm. The emission profiles showed considerable difference between the malignant and normal cells with the malignant cells having more fluorescence intensity than that of normal cells keeping emission at 340 nm. Our study had shown the discriminating features between normal and carcinoma cells lines because of higher concentration of tryptophan (1.5 times), NADH (3 times), and flavin (4 times) in carcinoma cell lines.     

Detection of residual concentration of imidazoline inhibitors in oilfield production water based on fluorescence spectroscopy

Fluorescence spectroscopy is applied to detect the residual concentration of imidazoline inhibitors in this study. Imidazoline inhibitors emit a weak fluorescence spectrum at 445 nm excitation wavelength, the addition of eosin Y can enhance the fluorescence intensity obviously and the excitation wavelength is located at 521 nm. The fluorescence intensity has a good linear relationship with the inhibitor concentration. The common ions in oilfield production water do not affect imidazoline detection using eosin Y as fluorescence agent based on fluorescence spectroscopy.