用弱交叉Kerr非线性实现光子极化纠缠Bell态的完全区分

基于相干态和信号位的光子数态与弱交叉Kerr非线性相互作用后,会在相干态上产生相位变化,并结合极化分束器构造了一个奇偶校验测量装置.用零差探测器对相干态的相位变化进行测量,实现对Bell态的非破坏区分.再利用控制非门和斜置的极化分束器对两信号位光子进行控制非操作和单光子测量,完成对四个Bell态的完全区分.用到的弱交叉Kerr非线性增加了区分方案在实验上实现的可行性.     

基于弱非线性实现非破坏性测量两光子Bell态及三光子Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger态

基于弱非线性及线性光学元件提出非破坏性测量两光子Bell态及三光子 Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ)态方案. 方案中, 首先应用光束分束器及交叉克尔非线性介质对两光子Bell态进行对称性分析, 进而结合控制非门提出三光子分析方案实现对八个三光子GHZ态完全且非破坏性区分. 关键词： Bell态测量 Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger态测量 弱非线性 量子非破坏性测量     

基于偏振无关分束器的两光子部分纠缠态的简化浓缩方案

经由偏振无关的光学分束器实现对未知两光子部分纠缠态的纠缠浓缩,包括利用单光子探测器的线性光学浓缩方案,和利用弱交叉Kerr非线性媒质、零拍探测的浓缩方案。两对部分纠缠的光子对中各一个信号光子同时通过偏振无关分束器后,当探测到分束器输出模中各有一个光子时,剩余的两光子将处于最大纠缠态。与以前的浓缩方案相比较,我们的浓缩方案不需要额外的Hadmard门对信号光子施加作用,所需要的光学器件较少,这增加了方案在实验实现上的可行性。     

基于偏振无关分束器的两光子部分纠缠态的简化浓缩方案

经由偏振无关的光学分束器实现对未知两光子部分纠缠态的纠缠浓缩,包括利用单光子探测器的线性光学浓缩方案,和利用弱交叉Kerr非线性媒质、零拍探测的浓缩方案。两对部分纠缠的光子对中各一个信号光子同时通过偏振无关分束器后,当探测到分束器输出模中各有一个光子时,剩余的两光子将处于最大纠缠态。与以前的浓缩方案相比较,我们的浓缩方案不需要额外的Hadmard门对信号光子施加作用,所需要的光学器件较少,这增加了方案在实验实现上的可行性。     

基于量子测量的Fock态制备和自相位调制的影响

提出一种制备Fock态的新方案研究在包含有自相位调制的Kerr介质中两束光的相互作用,信号光场和探测光场初始处于相干态,经由非线性相互作用后演化成为纠缠态.若对探测光场的正交位相分量实行第一类量子测量,信号光场的光子数分布会受到调制.重复上述过程,发现信号光场最终演化成为一个纯的Fock态.这种制备Fock态的原理是基于互相位调制,而自相位调制则起着阻碍Fock态形成的作用.     

利用交叉克尔效应制备六光子纠缠态

利用弱非线性的交叉克尔介质和对强相干探测场的动量积分零拍探测,呈现了一个关于制备六光子最大纠缠态的方案,如实现制备Dicke态和W态.在本方案中,只要相干探测光场的强度足够大时,对交叉克尔介质的非线性强度要求可以较弱,因而当前实验技术条件上均能满足本方案的要求.考虑到目前实验上实现单光子很是相对困难的,在信号模上仅用弱...     

广义Kerr介质奇偶相干态中相位算符的压缩性质

利用S.M.Barbett和D.T.Pegg提出的测量相应算符，研究了存在广义Kerr介质时，奇偶相干态中测量相位的二阶和高阶压缩性质。着重讨论了广义Kerr介质的非线性阶数m对奇偶相干态中测量相位压缩的影响。结果表明：在广义Kerr奇偶相干态中，测量相位算符存在间歇性的偶数阶CS类压缩和双偶数阶CN类压缩，压缩的深度与非线性介质的阶数m、|α}^2及δ有关。     

弱相干光源测量设备无关量子密钥分发系统的性能优化分析

测量设备无关量子密钥分发系统能够抵御任何针对单光子探测器边信道的攻击, 进一步结合诱惑态的方案, 可以同时规避准单光子源引起的实际安全漏洞. 测量设备无关量子密钥分发系统中, 非对称传输、分束器的不对称以及各个单光子探测器存在实际参数差异等光学系统的具体实现特征会对系统误码率和成码率等性能产生一定的影响. 本文针对采用弱相干光源的测量设备无关量子密钥分发系统, 引入单光子探测器品质因子的实验参数(暗计数与探测效率的比值), 通过量子化描述, 理论推导并模拟了误码率与单光子探测器品质因子、分束器反射率以及通信双方弱相干光源平均光子数之间的关系. 结果表明: 在X基偏振编码 和相位编码系统中, 当分束器的反射率趋近于0.5时, 误码率取最小值; 在偏振编码和相位编码系统中, 误码率随着单光子探测器品质因子的增大而增大; 在Z基偏振编码系统中, 误码率随分束器的反射率的变化会呈现较小的波动, 当分束器的反射率为0.5时, 若通信双方采用的平均光子数相差较大, 则误码率取最大值; 分束器的反射率和平均光子数对误码率的影响在Z基情况下不能等同, 但是对于X基编码和相位编码却能等同.     

一种全光开关及任意比能量输出光分束器的设计

基于光子晶体非线性Kerr效应设计了一种结构简单的任意比能量输出光分束器, 通过控制抽运光的强度来控制端口能量输出比. 该结构还可以实现控制光传输的动态开关作用, 并且具有插入损耗低、无串扰、信号光的开/关两个状态下的透射率相差非常大的特点, 因此该光开关具有很高的开关比. 关键词： 全光开关 光分束器 非线性Kerr效应 光子晶体     

利用交叉克尔效应制备六光子纠缠态

利用弱非线性的交叉克尔介质和对强相干探测场的动量积分零拍探测,呈现了一个关于制备六光子最大纠缠态的方案,如实现制备Dicke态和W态.在本方案中,只要相干探测光场的强度足够大时,对交叉克尔介质的非线性强度要求可以较弱,因而当前实验技术条件上均能满足本方案的要求.考虑到目前实验上实现单光子很是相对困难的,在信号模上仅用弱的相干光替代单光子源,从而进一步增强了本方案的实验可行性.     

Deterministic nondestructive state analysis for polarization-spatial-time-bin hyperentanglement with cross-Kerr nonlinearity

We present a deterministic nondestructive hyperentangled Bell state analysis protocol for photons entangled in three degrees of freedom(DOFs),including polarization,spatial-mode,and time-bin DOFs.The polarization Bell state analyzer and spatial-mode Bell state analyzer are constructed by polarization parity-check quantum nondemolition detector(P-QND)and spatial-mode parity-check quantum nondemolition detector(S-QND)using cross-Kerr nonlinearity,respectively.The time-bin Bell state analyzer is constructed by the swap gate for polarization state and time-bin state of a photon(P-T swap gate)and P-QND.The Bell states analyzer for one DOF will not destruct the Bell states of other two DOFs,so the polarization-spatial-time-bin hyperentangled Bell states can be determinately distinguished without destruction.This deterministic nondestructive state analysis method has useful applications in quantum information protocols.     

Direct measurement of the concurrence for two-photon polarization entangled pure states by parity-check measurements

We present a protocol for directly measuring the concurrence of a two-photon polarization entangled pure or mixed state without prior quantum state tomography. By parity-check measurements and simple operations on two copies of the two-photon polarization entangled pure state, the concurrence is encoded in the total probability of picking up the odd parity states from the signal states. This protocol makes use of highly efficient homodyne detection, and it could be feasible in the near future with the help of the weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity. Moreover, our protocol can be used in a distributed fashion to directly determine the entanglement of remote states, which may find its important applications in quantum communication.     

Direct measurement of the concurrence for two-qubit electron spin entangled pure state based on charge detection

We propose a protocol for directly measuring the concurrence of a two-qubit electronic pure entangled state. To complete this task, we first design a parity-check measurement(PCM) which is constructed by two polarization beam splitters(PBSs) and a charge detector. By using the PCM for three rounds, we can achieve the concurrence by calculating the total probability of picking up the odd parity states from the initial states. Since the conduction electron may be a good candidate for the realization of quantum computation, this protocol may be useful in future solid quantum computation.     

磁压缩器中相干同步辐射对束团品质的影响

在进行束团压缩时,相干同步辐射导致束团能量再分配,这会引入一定类型的非线性,目前普遍认为该非线性会导致束团发射度的急剧增加.本文通过模拟计算发现该结论只在一定条件下成立,同时还发现相干同步辐射引入固定类型的非线性,在特定参数下,该非线性能在一定程度上抵消束团原有的非线性,最终可能对束团品质有改善作用.     

Implementation Scheme of Two-Photon Post-Quantum Correlations

The pre-and post-selection processes of the "two-state vector formalism" lead to a fair sampling loophole in Bell test, so it can be used to simulate post-quantum correlations. In this paper, we propose a physical implementation of such a correlation with the help of quantum non-demolition measurement, which is realized via the cross-Kerr nonlinear interaction between the signal photon and a probe coherent beam. The indirect measurement on the polarization state of photon is realized by the direct measurement on the phase shift of the probe coherent beam, which enhances the detection efficiency greatly and leaves the signal photon unabsorbed. The maximal violation of the CHSH inequality 4 can be achieved by pre-and post-selecting maximally entangled states. The reason why we can get the post-quantum correlation is that the selection of the results after measurement opens fair-sampling loophole. The fair-sampling loophole opened here is different from the one usually used in the currently existing simulation schemes for post-quantum correlations,which are simulated by selecting the states to be measured or enlarging the Hilbert space. So, our results present an alternative way to mimic post-quantum correlations.     

部分相干光光束的振荡自陷特性

用互相干函数法研究了圆形横截面的部分相干光光束在光折变晶体中的自陷行为.光束的初态及材料的非线性决定了光束自陷的变化形式,导出空间周期表达式,获得了光束相干半径的解析表达式,发现部分相干光光束的相干特性会随传播距离发生周期性的演化,并将圆形光束的讨论结果扩展到椭圆形光束中. 关键词： 空间孤子 部分相干光光束 相干半径     

高灵敏度表面光学非线性测量法

提出了一种测量非透明材料表面光学非线性的新方法:挡板反射4F测量法。该方法在反射4F相位相干成像系统的基础上,在4F系统的像平面放置一个与系统入射面光阑相匹配的不透明挡板,通过测量不同情况下的反射率,实现对材料光学非线性的测量。详细介绍了该方法的基本原理,并通过数值模拟计算了入射角对测量灵敏度的影响。该方法具有单脉冲测量,可同时得到材料的非线性吸收与折射系数等特点。结果表明,在相同条件下挡板反射4F测量法的灵敏度比反射Z扫描方法高2个数量级。     

Complete Analysis of Four-Photon χ-Type Entangled State via Cross-Kerr Nonlinearity

We propose an efficient method to construct an optical four-photon |χ> state analyzer via the cross-Kerr nonlinearity combined with linear optical elements. In this protocol, two four-qubit parity-check gates and two controlled phase gates are employed. We show that all the 16 orthogonal four-qubit |χ> states can be completely discriminated with our apparatus. The scheme is feasible and realizable with current technology. It may have useful potential applications in quantum information processing which based on |χ> state.     

Direct measurement of the concurrence of hybrid entangled state based on parity check measurements

The hybrid entangled state is widely discussed in quantum information processing. In this paper, we propose the first protocol to directly measure the concurrence of the hybrid entangled state. To complete the measurement, we design parity check measurements(PCMs) for both the single polarization qubit and the coherent state. In this protocol, we perform three rounds of PCMs. The results show that we can convert the concurrence into the success probability of picking up the correct states from the initial entangled states. This protocol only uses polarization beam splitters, beam splitters, and weak cross-Kerr nonlinearities, which is feasible for future experiments. This protocol may be useful in future quantum information processing.     

Cascaded χ(2) nonlinearity in QND measurement

 QND measurement schemes often use Kerr nonlinearity to couple the intensity fluctuations of the signal beam to the phase fluctuations of the probe beam by means of the cross-phase modulation effect. Such schemes use materials with intrinsic χ⁽³⁾nonlinearity. However, it has already been shown that Kerr-effect-like correlation between two light waves may be achieved through cascaded χ⁽²⁾: χ⁽²⁾ processes. The value of the nonlinearity induced by cascading χ⁽²⁾ can, in many cases, be much higher than fibre χ⁽³⁾. The authors point out the possibility of using the cascaded χ⁽²⁾ nonlinearity instead of intrinsic χ⁽³⁾ nonlinearity in the scheme which resembles the well-known photon number QND measurement scheme. The non-degenerate second-harmonic generation (SHG) with a large phase mismatch is considered. The harmonic wave influence on the measurements is shown. High QND measurement characteristics can be achieved with the use of an appropriate set of parameters. Received: 6 April 1996