第一性原理研究Ir的热力学和弹性性质

基于准谐近似理论,运用第一性原理投影缀加波方法研究了Ir的热力学和弹性性质,得到Ir的声子谱、状态方程、热容、熵、焓和线膨胀系数,以及弹性常数、弹性模量、剪切模量和杨氏模量随温度的变化关系.结果表明,计算的Ir声子谱和有限的实验测量结果一致;考虑电子对体系自由能贡献后计算的热容、熵、焓和线膨胀系数与实验值符合较好;在2600 K时,Ir的电子定压热容占总定压热容的17％,因此在高温时电子对Ir定压热容的贡献是不能忽略的;理论预测的Ir室温下的弹性常数、弹性模量、剪切模量、杨氏模量和实验值测量值基本吻合,并随温度的增加而逐渐减小.     

ZrV2结构、弹性和热力学性质的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势方法研究ZrV₂的晶体结构和弹性,利用准谐Debye模型计算在不同温度(T=0~1200 K)和不同压强(P=0~20 GPa)下ZrV₂的热力学性质,包括弹性模量与压强,热熔与温度,以及热膨胀系数与温度和压力的关系.结果表明:计算的ZrV₂晶格常数与实验值符合较好,晶体材料的弹性常数随着压力增加而增加;在一定温度下,相对体积、热熔随着压强的增加而减小,德拜温度、弹性模量随着压强的增加而增加,且高压下温度对ZrV₂热膨胀系数的影响小于压强的影响.     

高压下硫化钙的弹性和热力学性质的第一性原理计算

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势方法结合准谐德拜模型研究NaCl结构的CaS在高压下的弹性和热力学性质.计算得到的零温零压下的晶格常数、体弹模量与实验值符合得很好.弹性常数和弹性模量随着压强的增大而增大.压强对体弹模量和热膨胀系数的影响大于温度的影响.热容随压强的升高而降低,在高温下热容接近于Dulong-Petit极限.通过求解Gibbs自由能计算得到B1结构和B2结构CaS的相变压为36.61 GPa.     

第一性原理计算M2C（M=V、Nb、Ta）的结构性质、弹性性质和热力学性质

通过密度泛函理论的第一原理计算,研究了 M2C (M=V, Nb, Ta)(空间群:pbcn, No: 60)在高压下的电子结构、弹性和热力学性质。该理论是建立在平面波的基础上,该平面波将在 CASTEP 代码中实现。首先,本文计算的晶格常数与已有的实验结果和理论数据吻合较好。其次,计算了过渡金属碳化物的分波态态密度和总态密度,结果表明这三种过渡金属碳化物均为金属,金属丰度由高到低的顺序为:V2C > Nb2C > Ta2C。第三,研究了高压下的弹性常数 C ij 、集料弹性模量(B、G、E)和泊松比。其中计算得到 Ta2C 的体积模量最高(257 GPa)。根据弹性稳定性判据,预测这三种化合物在 100 GPa 以内均具有力学稳定性。计算的 B/G 比值表明,这三种化合物在 100 GPa 范围内具有延展性。最后,利用准谐德拜模型研究了这三种化合物的热力学性质     

高压下TiN的结构转变、弹性和热力学性质的第一性原理计算

 利用基于密度泛函的第一性原理,计算了高压下TiN的结构转变、弹性和热力学性质。计算结果表明：在压力作用下,TiN经历了从NaCl型结构到CsCl型结构的转变,转变压力为348 GPa;TiN的弹性系数随着压力的增加呈线性增加规律。此外,还给出了德拜温度和热容量这两个重要热力学量与温度和（或）压力的依赖关系。     

Cu_3N弹性和热力学性质的第一性原理研究

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理全势线性缀加平面波方法,研究了立方反ReO3结构Cu3N在零温(0K)零压下的平衡晶格常数、体弹模量及其对压强的一阶导数,计算结果与其他实验及理论结果基本相符.同时得出Cu3N的弹性常数,Poisson比等,并分析出Cu3N在零温零压下是稳定的.通过准谐Debye模型计算Cu3N的热力学性质,得到了Cu3N的晶格常数、等压比热容、等容比热容、热胀系数与温度和压强之间的关系,同时计算出不同温度不同压强下其体弹模量及Debye温度的值。     

第一性原理研究硫化镉高压相变及其电子结构与弹性性质

采用第一性原理研究了CdS的六方纤锌矿(WZ), 立方闪锌矿(ZB) 和岩盐矿(RS)相在高压条件下的相稳定性、 相变点、电子结构以及弹性性能.WZ相与RS 相可以在相应的压强范围内稳定存在, 而ZB相不能稳定存在.压强大于2.18 GPa时, WZ相向RS相发生金属化相变.WZ相中S原子电负性大于Cd, 且电负性差值小于1.7, CdS的WZ相为共价晶体.高压作用下, S原子半径被强烈压缩, 有效核电荷增加, 对层外电子吸引能力提高, 电负性急剧增大, 导致S与Cd的电负性差值大于1.7, CdS的RS相以离子晶体存在. WZ相的C₄₄随压强增加呈下降趋势, 导致WZ相力学不稳定, 并向RS相转变.当压强大于2.18 GPa时, RS相C₁₁, C₁₂随压强增加而增大, 并且C₄₄保持稳定, 说明RS相具有良好的高压稳定性与力学性能. 关键词： 第一性原理 相变 电子结构 弹性性质     

EuS高压相变及其弹性和热力学性质

采用平面波赝势密度泛函理论,利用第一性原理的方法研究了EuS的晶体结构、高压相变以及弹性性质．计算结果和实验值以及前人利用不同计算模型得到的理论值相吻合．研究了EuS的弹性常数、弹性模量和弹性的各向异性等力学性质随压力变化的趋势．同时研究了泊松比、德拜温度及纵波和横波的弹性波速随压力的变化趋势．基于德拜模型,进而研究了EuS在0～800 K和0～60 GPa下相变前后的热膨胀系数、热熔、Grüneisen参数等热力学性质．     

LiNH2 的晶格动力学、介电性质和热力学性质第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的平面波赝势方法,在局域密度近似下采用线性响应的密度泛函微扰理论计算了LiNH₂的晶格动力学、介电性质和热力学性质,得到了布里渊区高对称方向上的声子色散曲线和相应的声子态密度,分析了 LiNH₂的红外和拉曼活性声子频率,同时给出它的介电张量和玻恩有效电荷张量. 研究表明,LiNH₂存在小的各向异性,计算所得结果与实验值和其他理论值符合较好.最后,利用得到的声子态密度进一步预测了LiNH₂的热力学性质 关键词： 密度泛函理论 晶格动力学 热力学性质 第一性原理计算     

高压下钨弹性和热力学性质的第一性原理研究

本文利用密度泛函理论研究了高压下bcc结构钨的弹性和热力学性质,计算得到钨的晶格常数、体弹模量以及其对压强的一阶偏导与实验值符合较好;在常压下弹性常数计算值与实验值符合较好的基础上,预测了其高压数据.针对钨的固相结构稳定性问题,根据力学稳定判断标准得到0~600 GPa范围内bcc结构是力学稳定的.此外,通过体模量和剪切模量的计算得到bcc结构钨在压力低于600 GPa时的力学性能表现为韧性.最后,基于准简谐德拜模型,成功预测了钨的热膨胀系数、等压热容、等容热容和熵随着压强和温度的变化关系,为钨及其合金的进一步设计及应用提供参考.     

Electronic structural, elastic properties and thermodynamics of Mg17Al12, Mg2Si and Al2Y phases from first-principles calculations

Electronic structures, elastic properties and thermal stabilities of Mg₁₇Al₁₂, Mg₂Si and Al₂Y have been determined from first-principle calculations. The calculated heats of formation and cohesive energies show that Al₂Y has the strongest alloying ability and structural stability. The brittle behavior and structural stability mechanism is also explained through the electronic structures of these intermetallic compounds. The elastic constants are calculated, the bulk moduli, shear moduli, Young's moduli and Poisson ratio value are derived, the brittleness and plasticity of these phases are discussed. Gibbs free energy, Debye temperature and heat capacity are calculated and discussed.     

First-principles calculations of structural stability,elastic, dynamical and thermodynamic properties of SiGe,SiSn, GeSn

A first-principles calculations, based on the norm-conserving pseudopotentials and the density functional theory (DFT) and the density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) as implemented in the ABINIT code, have been performed to investigate the structural stability, elastic, lattice dynamic and thermodynamic properties of the ordered SiGe, SiSn and GeSn cubic alloy in zinc-blende (B3) structure. The calculated lattice parameters and bulk modulus agree with the previous results. The second-order elastic constants have been calculated and other related quantities such as the Young’s modulus, shear modulus, anisotropy factor are also estimated. We also obtain the data of lattice dynamics and the temperature dependent properties currently lacking for SiGe, SiSn and GeSn. Findings are also presented for the temperature-dependent behaviors of some thermodynamic properties such as the internal energy, Helmholtz free energy, entropy and heat capacity.     

Elastic and thermodynamic properties of CaB6 under pressure from first principles

The elastic and thermodynamic properties of CsCl-type structure CaB₆ under high pressure are investigated by first-principles calculations based on plane-wave pseudopotential density functional theory method within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The calculated lattice parameters of CaB₆ under zero pressure and zero temperature are in good agreement with the existing experimental data and other theoretical data. The pressure dependences of the elastic constants, bulk modulus B (GPa), and its pressure derivative B′, shear modulus G, Young's modulus E, elastic Debye temperature Θ_B, Zener's anisotropy parameter A, Poisson ratios σ, and Kleinmann parameter ζ are also presented. An analysis for the calculated elastic constants has been made to reveal the mechanical stability of CaB₆ up to 100 GPa. The thermodynamic properties of the CsCl-type structure CaB₆ are predicted using the quasi-harmonic Debye model. The pressure-volume-temperature (P-V-T) relationship, the variations of the heat capacity C_V, Debye temperature Θ_D, and the thermal expansion α with pressure P and temperature T, as well as the Grüneisen parameters γ are obtained systematically in the ranges of 0-100 GPa and 0-2000 K.     

Site preference and elastic properties of ternary alloying additions in B2 YAg alloys by first-principles calculations

First-principles calculations were preformed to study the site preference behavior and elastic properties of 3d (Ti–Cu) transition-metal elements in B2 ductility YAg alloy. In YAg, Ti is found to occupy the Y sublattice whereas V, Cr, Co, Fe, Ni and Cu tend to substitute for Ag sublattice. Due to the addition of 3d transition metals, the lattice parameters of YAg is decreased in the order: V<Cu<Cr<Ni<Co<Fe<Ti. The calculated elastic constants show that Cr, Fe, Co and Cu can improve the ductility of YAg alloy, and Fe is the most effective element to improve the ductility of YAg, while Ti, Ni and V alloying elements can reduce the ductility of YAg alloy, especially, V transforms ductile into brittle for YAg alloy. In addition, both V and Ni alloying elements can increase the hardness of YAg alloy, and Y₈Ag₇V is harder than Y₈Ag₇Ni.     

Structural,elastic and mechanical properties of orthorhombic SrHfO3 under pressure from first-principles calculations

Structural, elastic and mechanical properties of orthorhombic SrHfO₃ under pressure have been investigated using the plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential technique based on the first-principles density functional theory. The calculated equilibrium lattice parameters and elastic constants of orthorhombic SrHfO₃ at zero pressure are in good agreement with the available experimental and calculational values. The lattice parameters, total enthalpy, elastic constants and mechanical stability of orthorhombic SrHfO₃ as a function of pressure were studied. With the increasing pressure, the lattice parameters and volume of orthorhombic SrHfO₃ decrease whereas the total enthalpy increases. Orthorhombic SrHfO₃ is mechanically stable with low pressure (<52.9 GPa) whereas that is mechanically instable with high pressure (>52.9 GPa). The bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus and mechanical anisotropy of orthorhombic SrHfO₃ as a function of pressure were analyzed. It is found that orthorhombic SrHfO₃ under pressure has larger bulk modulus, better ductility and less mechanical anisotropy than orthorhombic SrHfO₃ at 0 GPa.     

The structural stability, elastic constants and electronic structure of Al-Sr intermetallics by first-principles calculations

The lattice constants, enthalpies of formation, elastic constants and electronic structures of Al-Sr intermetallics have been calculated by first-principles method within generalized gradient approximation. The calculated lattice constants and enthalpies of formation are in good agreement with experimental and other theoretical results. The polycrystalline bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio are also estimated from the calculated single crystalline elastic constants. The total and partial electronic densities of state for the intermetallics were obtained, and the results indicated that Al₂Sr-oI is more stable than Al₂Sr-cF. Finally, longitudinal, transverse and average sound velocities and Debye temperature are estimated.     

第一性原理计算N掺杂对InNbO4电子结构的影响

宽带隙（3.83 eV）半导体光催化材料InNbO4在紫外光作用下具有分解水和降解有机物的性能。最近实验发现了N掺杂InNbO4具有可见光下分解水制氢的活性。为了从理论上解释这一实验现象,本文采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算了N掺杂对InNbO4的能带结构、态密度和光学性质的影响。分析能带结构可得,N掺杂后在InNbO4的价带（O 2p）上方形成N 2p局域能级,导致电子跃迁所需的能量减小。吸收光谱表明,N掺杂后InNbO4的光吸收边出现了红移,实现了可见光吸收。     

第一性原理计算N掺杂对InNbO_4电子结构的影响

宽带隙(3.83 e V)半导体光催化材料InNbO_4在紫外光作用下具有分解水和降解有机物的性能.最近实验发现了N掺杂InNbO_4具有可见光下分解水制氢的活性.为了从理论上解释这一实验现象,本文采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算了N掺杂对InNbO_4的能带结构、态密度和光学性质的影响.分析能带结构可得,N掺杂后在InNbO_4的价带(O 2p)上方形成N 2p局域能级,导致电子跃迁所需的能量减小.吸收光谱表明,N掺杂后InNbO_4的光吸收边出现了红移,实现了可见光吸收.     

Thermodynamics and elastic properties of Ta from first-principles calculations

<正>Within the framework of the quasiharmonic approximation,the thermodynamics and elastic properties of Ta, including phonon density of states(DOS),equation of state,linear thermal expansion coefficient,entropy,enthalpy, heat capacity,elastic constants,bulk modulus,shear modulus,Young’s modulus,microhardness,and sound velocity, are studied using the first-principles projector-augmented wave method.The vibrational contribution to Helmholtz free energy is evaluated from the first-principles phonon DOS and the Debye model.The thermal electronic contribution to Helmholtz free energy is estimated from the integration over the electronic DOS.By comparing the experimental results with the calculation results from the first-principles and the Debye model,it is found that the thermodynamic properties of Ta are depicted well by the first-principles.The elastic properties of Ta from the first-principles are consistent with the available experimental data.