Ag309团簇升温过程中结构转变的分子动力学模拟研究

采用分子动力学模拟研究了具有面心立方(fcc)晶格结构的截断八面体Ag309团簇升温过程中结构演变.对团簇的能量曲线变化、快照图演变和键对分析表明:无缺陷截断八面体Ag309团簇在410 K时转变为二十面体,在840 K时熔化;不同缺陷诱导二十面体结构转变温度异常变化,沿晶面滑移缺陷使二十面体转变温度升高,沿晶面旋转缺陷使二十面体结构转变温度降低;不同缺陷对团簇键型和势能产生的影响是使二十面体结构转变温度异常变化的主要诱导因素.这种通过缺陷控制团簇结构转变的研究为新型纳米结构的可控制备提供理论基础.     

液态Ni原子团族演变的计算机模拟

采用常温常压分子动力学模拟技术，模拟了液态Ni中原子团簇在快速凝固条件下的演变过程，模型采用TB作用势。采用偶分布函数，键对和多面体等结构参数来描述快速凝固条件下团簇种类和数量的变化，并将团6簇结构可视化。在2000K下，液态Ni中团簇数量较少，由一定数量的551、1441及1661键对所形成的缺陷二十面体构成，在快速冷却条件下，团簇的数量随温度的降低不同断增加，且出现由12个1551键型所形成的完整二十面体团簇，体系最终形成了由二十面体和缺陷二十面体团簇网络所组成的非晶结构。     

液态Ni原子团簇演变的计算机模拟

采用常温常压分子动力学模拟技术,模拟了液态Ni中原子团簇在快速凝固条件下的演变过程,模型采用TB作用势.采用偶分布函数、键对和多面体等结构参数来描述快速凝固条件下团簇种类和数量的变化,并将团簇结构可视化.在2 000 K下,液态Ni中团簇数量较少,由一定数量的1551、1441及1661键对所形成的缺陷二十面体构成;在快速冷却条件下,团簇的数量随温度的降低不断增加,且出现由12个1551键型所形成的完整二十面体团簇,体系最终形成了由二十面体和缺陷二十面体团簇网络所组成的非晶结构.     

Cu-Co双金属团簇结构演化及其性质的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学结合嵌入原子方法对比研究了Co分布于Cu-Co团簇不同层的结构和性质.研究表明:Co原子分层掺杂可对团簇的结构转变点和熔点进行诱导控制;分层掺杂的Cu-Co团簇第一相变是一种扩散度较小的由立方八面体转变为二十面体的相变;Co原子易于向低能态团簇的亚表层(111)面偏析,从而诱导团簇结构紊乱,造成其熔点差异.     

Cu-Co双金属团簇结构演化及其性质的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学结合嵌入原子方法对比研究了Co分布于Cu-Co团簇不同层的结构和性质. 研究表明：Co原子分层掺杂可对团簇的结构转变点和熔点进行诱导控制;分层掺杂的Cu-Co团簇第一相变是一种扩散度较小的由立方八面体转变为二十面体的相变;Co原子易于向低能态团簇的亚表层（111）面偏析, 从而诱导团簇结构紊乱, 造成其熔点差异.     

分子动力学模拟组分对Co1415-xAlx团簇结构特征的影响

本文采用分子动力学模拟方法结合镶嵌原子势,研究了在200 K时二元（CoAl）1415团簇的结构随Co原子浓度的变化情况。利用径向分布函数、对分析技术和键取向序参数方法研究了微观局部结构情况,研究结果表明： （CoAl）1415团簇的组分对最终冷却结构影响较大,Co原子浓度为100%~70%的团簇表现出不完全的六角密排结构特征;Co原子浓度为50%的团簇具有局部的体心立方体结构特征;Co原子浓度为30%~10%时,表现出部分区域的二十面体和缺陷二十面体结构特征。     

分子动力学模拟组分对Co_(1415-x)Al_x团簇结构特征的影响

本文采用分子动力学模拟方法结合镶嵌原子势,研究了在200 K时二元(Co Al)1415团簇的结构随Co原子浓度的变化情况.利用径向分布函数、对分析技术和键取向序参数方法研究了微观局部结构情况,研究结果表明:(Co Al)1415团簇的组分对最终冷却结构影响较大,Co原子浓度为100%~70%的团簇表现出不完全的六角密排结构特征;Co原子浓度为50%的团簇具有局部的体心立方体结构特征;Co原子浓度为30%~10%时,表现出部分区域的二十面体和缺陷二十面体结构特征.     

液态金属Cu快速凝固过程中原子团簇及非晶态结构转变特性的模拟研究

本文采用Quantum Sutton-Chen多体势,对由5万个液态金属Cu原子组成系统的原子团簇的形成与演变特性进行了分子动力学模似研究.我们采用原子团类型指数法(CTIM)来描述复杂的微观结构转变.研究发现:系统形成以1551、1541和1431三种键型为主的非晶态结构;二十面体原子团(12 0 12 0)和(12 2 8 2)、(13 1 10 2)、(13 3 6 4)、(14 1 10 3)、(14 2 8 4)、(14 3 6 5)缺陷多面体基本原子团在液态转变为非晶体过程中起着关键性的作用.系统所形成的纳米团簇是由一些基本团簇和由这些基本团簇相互连接而成的中等团簇所组成,这正是与由气相沉积法和离子溅射法所获得的团簇结构的本质差别所在.通过双体分布函数g(r)、HA键型、基本原子团、平均原子体积和比值g_(min)/g_(max)的分析,还得到液态金属Cu在冷却速率为1.0×10~(14)K/S时的非晶转变温度T_8约为673 K.同时还发现,1551、1441、1661三种键型随温度有相同的变化趋势,这反映出体系对称性结构有相同的变化规律.     

铜团簇几何结构和结合能的半经验理论研究（Ⅱ）—正二十面体密堆结构…

利用已建立的嵌入原子法描述铜团簇中原子之间的相互作用，本文分别计算了一些具有正二十面体和立方八面体密堆结构形式的铜小团簇（原子数ｎ为１３≤ｎ≤２０１）的结合能，阐述了结合能随结构团簇大小的变化规律。根据计算结果，在原子数目增到１０＾３时，团簇将由正二十面体密堆结构形式转化为立方八面体密堆结构形式，这一结果和已有的实验观测是一致的。     

非晶态合金Cu_xPd_(1-x)形成过程合金效应及微观结构转变特性的模拟研究(英文)

本文根据量子Sutton-Chen多体势,采用分子动力学方法对含有50000个原子大系统液态二元合金Cu_xPd_(1-x)(CuPd的原子半径比为1.14)在快速凝固过程中的微观结构转变特性进行模拟研究.运用Honeycutt-Andersen(HA)键型指数法和原子成团类型指数法(CTIM)分析了液态和固态的微观结构特性.研究结果发现:在7.73×10~(13)K/S冷却速率下,Cu_xPd_(1-x)合金形成以1551、1541和1431三种键型为主的非晶态结构;系统以1551键型和由1551键型构成的(12 0 12 0)二十面体团族在所有的键型和团簇中占主导地位,并且在液态合金Cu_xPd_(1-x)微观结构转变中起着关键性作用.通过分析键型、团簇和平均原子体积,我们发现液态合金Cu_xPd_(1-x)的玻璃转变温度是573K.同时还发现,原子的平均配位数的变化与1551,1441,1661键型的变化趋势相当接近,这反映出体系对称性结构的变化规律与配位数的变化有关.     

Structural transitions of Au55 isomers

The thermodynamic behavior of near ground-state isomers of Au₅₅ clusters are investigated through molecular-dynamic simulations using an n-body effective potential. During relaxation at certain energies, non-reversible structural transitions (from cuboctahedron to icosahedron, and then to disordered configuration) occur well below the melting temperature. We show in this Letter on a picosecond scale the motion of the individual atoms in a cluster during these transformations, demonstrating that the processes involved are either collective distortions of the entire cluster or migration of individual or small groups of atoms. In both cases the cohesive energies of the system go smoothly without any significant barrier during transitions.     

Ag-Cu双金属团簇中Ag原子偏析行为的 分子动力学研究

采用了恒温分子动力学方法系统模拟研究了不同尺寸不同组分的Ag-Cu双金属团簇的退火过程。分析低温退火结构可得团簇中Ag原子的偏析行为：在Ag原子所占比率较少时,Ag原子全部占据在团簇表面;随着Ag原子数的增多,直到Ag和Cu的比率接近时,绝大多数Ag原子仍占据在团簇表面;这与实验观测Ag-Cu混合团簇中Ag原子的偏析行为完全一致。通过细致研究Ag-Cu双金属团簇中Ag原子的偏析行为与团簇尺寸、组分和温度的关系发现：当Ag原子所占比重明显少于Cu原子时,在各不同尺寸下,Ag原子偏析温度点均高于熔点,即在熔点以上一定温度范围内仍会出现Ag原子的偏析现象;当Ag原子所占比重明显多于Cu原子时,在各不同尺寸下,体系偏析温度点均低于团簇熔点;对于较大尺寸团簇,在Ag原子所占比重接近于Cu原子时,体系偏析温度点与团簇熔点相同。     

Molecular-dynamics investigation of structural transformations of a Cu201 cluster in its melting process

We perform molecular-dynamics calculations to investigate the structural transformation of a copper cluster containing 201 atoms in its melting process within the framework of the embedded-atom method (EAM). Concerning melting, the obtained results reveal that its structural changes are different from those of larger-size clusters containing several hundreds or more atoms and smaller-size clusters containing tens of atoms. The melting process of this Cu₂₀₁ cluster involves three stages, firstly some atoms in inner regions of this cluster move into outer regions accompanying the structural transformation of the local atom packing, followed by the continuous interchange of atomic positions, and finally this cluster is wholly disordered. During the temperature increase, the structural changes of different regions determined by atom density profiles result in apparent increases in internal energy. By decomposing peaks of pair distribution functions (PDFs) according to the pair analysis (PA) technique, the local structural patterns are identified for the melting of this cluster.     

银原子团簇在纳米碳管中的形态与熔化特性

采用分子动力学方法,对纳米碳管中Agn(n=108,402)团簇的形态及熔化特性进行了模拟,并与自由状态下团簇的形态及熔化特性进行了对比。研究表明,①温度T=150 K时,碳管中银团簇的形态呈现为吸附在碳管内侧的单原子层银管,表现为非晶体,而自由状态下的银团簇呈现为近似球形,且具有一定的晶体特征。②自由状态下银团簇的熔化为“晶体熔化”,而纳米碳管中的银团簇为非晶熔化。     

银纳米杆高温熔化断裂弛豫性能的原子级模拟研究

采用分子动力学模拟方法,研究了不同长度银纳米杆在不同温度弛豫过程中的结构演变过程.结果表明:银纳米杆存在一与杆长相关的临界熔断温度,该临界熔断温度随杆长增加而显著降低.当温度大于熔点而小于临界熔断温度时,体系形成一个高度无序的球形团簇,而温度大于临界熔断温度时,体系则熔断成两个球形团簇.并给出了银纳米杆的产生该熔断现象的机理. 关键词： 纳米杆 分子动力学 弛豫 熔化     

Size and shape-dependent melting mechanism of Pd nanoparticles

Molecular dynamics simulation was employed to understand the thermodynamic behavior of cuboctahedron (cub) and icosahedron (ico) nanoparticles with 2–20 number of full shells. The original embedded atom method (EAM) was compared to the more recent highly optimized version as inter-atomic potential. The thermal stability of clusters were probed using potential energy and specific heat capacity as well as structure analysis by radial distribution function (G(r)) and common neighbor analysis (CNA), simultaneously, to make a comprehensive picture of the solid-state and melting transitions. The result shows ico is the only stable shape of small clusters (Pd₅₅–Pd₃₀₉ using original EAM and Pd₅₅ using optimized version) those are melting uniformly due to their small diameter. An exception is cub Pd₃₀₉ modeled via optimized EAM that transforms to ico at elevated temperatures. A similar cub to ico transition was predicted by original EAM for Pd₉₂₃–Pd₂₀₇₅ clusters, while for the larger clusters both cub and ico are stable up to the melting point. As detected by \(G(r)\) and CNA, moderate and large cub clusters were showing surface melting by nucleation of the liquid phase at (100) planes and growth of liquid phase at the surface before inward growth. While diagonal (one corner to another) melting was dominating over ico clusters owing to their partitioned structure, which retarded the growth of the liquid phase. The large ico clusters, using optimized EAM, presented a combination of surface and diagonal melting due to the simultaneous diagonal melting started from different corners. Finally, the melting temperature as well as latent heat of fusion were calculated and compared with the available models and previous studies, which showed, unlike the present result, the models failed to predict size-dependent motif cross-over.     

Sintering dynamics and thermal stability of novel configurations of Ag clusters

Monte Carlo simulations with second-moment approximation of tight-binding potential were applied to study the sintering dynamics and thermal stability for novel configurations of Ag clusters. Simulations under elevated temperatures utilizing various configurations indicated that sintering processes were strongly affected by temperature and initial design configurations. Ag clusters re-aligned themselves at the onset of sintering, forming clear necks of varying stabilities and different matter diffusion routes between clusters due to differences in initial design configurations. Notably, different Ag cluster design configurations displayed variable melting temperatures. The methodical simulation of design configurations can elucidate strategies to maintain desirable nanocluster structure during sintering processes.     

银纳米团簇负热容现象的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法和嵌入原子法(EAM)多体势函数,模拟研究了银纳米团簇在不同温度直到熔化过程中的结构变化,得到了体系能量和热容量随温度的变化关系.结果显示:银纳米团簇在临近熔点附近出现了负热容现象.研究了弛豫后银纳米团簇的稳态结构变化及其在不同时刻结构的演变过程.结果表明:产生负热容现象的主要原因是纳米团簇在熔点附近,结构发生了巨大的变化,形成由{111}和{100}面围成的结构十分稳定和能量更低的多面体.     

Melting Behaviour of Core-Shell Structured Ag-Rh Bimetallic Clusters

The melting behaviour of four typical core-shell structured 309-atom Ag-Rh bimetallic clusters, with decahedral and icosahedral geometric configurations, is investigated by using molecular dynamics simulation, based on the Sutton-Chen potential. The initial atomic configurations are obtained from semi-grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo simulations. It is found that the melting point temperature Tm increases with the mole fraction of Rh in the bimetallic clusters, and Tm of Ag-Rh icosahedral clusters is higher than those of Ag-Rh decahedral clusters with the same Rh mole fraction. It is also found that the Ag atoms lie on the surface of Ag-Rh bimetallic clusters even after melting.