Pt/Ce4O8团簇催化活性的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算程序包VASP（Vienna ab-initio Simulation Package）,采用投影缀加平面波（Projector augmented wave,PAW）方法和具有三维周期性边界条件的超原胞模型,对Pt在Ce₄O₈团簇上的吸附特性进行了研究,结果表明Pt在Ce₄O₈团簇上的吸附作用很强,其吸附能大于Pt在CeO₂晶体表面的吸附能.所得吸附构型可分为三类:单键类,双键类和多键类.对其中最稳定吸附构型的电子结构分析表明:Pt的吸附诱导出了间隙态.该态距离费米能级很近,使Pt/Ce₄O₈团簇活性很强.Pt与Ce₄O₈团簇发生了部分电荷转移,从而使其中的一个Ce⁴⁺还原为Ce³⁺.这些结果有助于理解在纳米尺度范围内Pt与CeO₂的协同作用.     

Cu在Zr掺杂CeO2(111)面吸附特性的第一性原理研究

采用基于广义梯度近似的投影缀加平面波方法和具有三维周期性边界条件的超晶胞结构模型,用第一原理计算方法,计算并分析了Cu在Zr掺杂的CeO2(111)面吸附所形成的Cu/ Ce0.75Zr0.25O2(111)界面体系的吸附能、吸附结构和电子结构。结果表明：（1）Cu在Ce0.75Zr0.25O2(111)面上次层O的顶位,且邻近Zr原子的吸附位置的吸附能最大,吸附最强;（2）Zr的掺杂增强了Cu与CeO2衬底的作用;（3）Cu的吸附,在CZ(111)面的O2p-Ce4f态之间引入了新的间隙态,这些间隙态主要来自于Cu3d与衬底O2p的杂化作用,这是Cu与CeO2/ZrO2有较强作用的主要原因;（4）吸附的Cu被Ce0.75Zr0.25O2氧化为Cuδ+,并伴随着表面Ce4+ → Ce3+的转化,该反应可以总结为：Cu/Ce4+→ Cu δ+/Ce3+。     

Cu在Zr掺杂CeO_2(111)表面吸附特性的第一性原理研究北大核心CSCD

采用第一原理计算方法,计算并分析了Cu在Zr掺杂的CeO2(111)表面吸附的吸附能及所形成的Cu/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2(111)界面体系的吸附结构和电子结构.结果表明:1)Cu在Ce0.75Zr0.25O2(111)表面上邻近Zr原子的次层O的顶位吸附最强;2)Zr的掺杂增强了Cu与CeO2衬底的作用;3)Cu的吸附在Ce0.75Zr0.25O2(111)表面的O2p-Ce4f态之间引入了新的间隙态,这些间隙态主要来自于Cu3d与衬底O2p的杂化作用,这是Cu与Ce0.75Zr0.25O2有较强作用的主要原因;4)吸附的Cu被Ce0.75Zr0.25O2氧化为Cuδ+,并伴随着表面Ce4+→Ce3+的转化,该反应可以总结为:Cu/Ce4+→Cuδ+/Ce3+.     

Y_n(n=2-8)团簇吸附CO_2的密度泛函理论研究

运用密度泛函理论,研究了CO_2在Y_n(n=2-8)团簇表面的吸附结构和电子性质.结果表明:CO2吸附于Y_n(n=2-8)团簇表面时,线型的分子结构畸变为三角形构型.Y_nCO_2表现出了较大的吸附能(大于3eV).吸附使体系的能隙表现出了奇偶振荡效应.吸附后,C-O键伸长,C原子由电子施体变为受体,O原子所带电子数也显著增加.在所有尺寸中,Y_4CO_2、Y_6CO_2稳定性最好.     

Yn(n=2-8)团簇吸附CO2的密度泛函理论研究

运用密度泛函理论, 研究了CO2在Yn (n=2-8) 团簇表面的吸附结构和电子性质。结果表明：CO2吸附于 Yn (n=2-8)团簇表面时,线型的分子结构畸变为三角形构型。YnCO2表现出了较大的吸附能 (大于3eV)。吸附使体系的能隙表现出了奇偶振荡效应。吸附后,C-O键伸长,C原子由电子施体变为受体,O原子所带电子数也显著增加。在所有尺寸中,Y4CO2 、Y6CO2稳定性最好。     

Yn(n=2-8)团簇吸附CO2的密度泛函理论研究

运用密度泛函理论, 研究了CO2在Yn (n=2-8) 团簇表面的吸附结构和电子性质。结果表明：CO2吸附于 Yn (n=2-8)团簇表面时,线型的分子结构畸变为三角形构型。YnCO2表现出了较大的吸附能 (大于3eV)。吸附使体系的能隙表现出了奇偶振荡效应。吸附后,C-O键伸长,C原子由电子施体变为受体,O原子所带电子数也显著增加。在所有尺寸中,Y4CO2 、Y6CO2稳定性最好。     

Pt_nAl(n=1—8)小团簇的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法,在BPW91/LANL2DZ水平下详细研究了Pt n Al(n=1—8)团簇的几何结构、稳定性和电子性质.同时,分析了团簇的结构演化规律、平均结合能、二阶能量差分、能隙、磁性、Mulliken电荷和电极化率.结果表明:除Pt2Al外,所有Pt n Al(n=1—8)团簇的基态几何结构都可以用Al原子替换Pt n+1基态构型中的Pt原子得到,且Al原子位于较高的配位点上.二阶能量差分、能隙的分析结果表明,PtAl和Pt4Al团簇相对其他团簇具有较高的稳定性.Mulliken电荷分析表明,Al原子所带的电荷转移到Pt原子上,Al原子是电荷的捐赠者.磁性的分析说明,单个Al原子的加入对Pt n团簇的平均每原子磁矩随尺寸的变化趋势没有影响,但总体上降低了Pt n团簇的平均磁矩.极化率的研究表明,富Pt团簇的非线形光学效应强,容易被外场极化.     

Aun(n=2,3,4)团簇与乙醇分子相互作用的第一性原理研究

利用密度泛函理论研究了Au_n(n=2,3,4)团簇与乙醇分子的吸附机理.研究结果表明:Au_n(n=2,3,4)团簇分别能够吸附1到n个乙醇分子,生成Au_n-(C₂H₆O)_1-n配合物;Au₄团簇吸附乙醇分子有多种构型,通过分析吸附能和Mulliken电荷分布,确定了4个乙醇分子的吸附顺序及相应的稳定构型;Au_n(n=3,4)团簇在吸附最后一个乙醇分子时改变了前面Au—O成键的作用模式,而是选择Au—H成键;作为吸附主体的金团簇和被吸附的乙醇分子在吸附前后构型变化都很少,它们之间的吸附作用为弱相互作用. 关键词： 金团簇 乙醇分子 密度泛函理论     

N_2O在Y_n(n=2-7)团簇表面的自然解离

运用第一性原理,研究了N2O在Yn(n=2-7)团簇表面吸附机理.结果表明:N_2O吸附于Yn(n=2-7)团簇表面时,不需要克服任何能垒而自然解离.吸附导致了主团簇Y原子平均键长增大,体系表现出了巨大的吸附能(约为8-10 e V).吸附对体系化学活性的影响具有一定的尺寸依赖性.在所有团簇中,Y_6N_2O吸附能最大,化学性质最稳定.     

N2O在Yn(n=2-7)团簇表面的自然解离

运用第一性原理，研究了N2O在Yn (n=2-7) 团簇表面吸附机理。结果表明：N2O吸附于 Yn (n=2-7)团簇表面时，不需要克服任何能垒而自然解离。吸附导致了主团簇Y原子平均键长增大,体系表现出了巨大的吸附能 (约为8-10eV)。吸附对体系化学活性的影响具有一定的尺寸依赖性。在所有团簇中，Y6N2O吸附能最大，化学性质最稳定。     

Oxygen adsorption on Pt(110)-(1×2): new high-coverage structures

From an interplay between scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, a comprehensive picture is obtained for oxygen adsorption on the Pt(110)-(1×2) surface, from single isolated oxygen atoms chemisorbed in FCC sites along the platinum ridges to the formation of a new high-coverage oxide-like structure with a local coverage of two oxygen atoms per platinum surface atom. We find that the repulsive O–O interactions for the O/Pt(110) system are compensated by an effective O–O attractive interaction originating from a strong coupling between oxygen adsorption and platinum lattice distortions.     

First principles study of the magnetism driven by cation defects in CeO₂:the important role of O2p states

The magnetism driven by cation defects in undoped CeO 2 bulk and thin films is studied by the density functional theory corrected for on-site Coulomb interactions (DFT+U) with U = 5 eV for the Ce4f states and U = 7 eV for the O2p states. It is found that the Ce vacancies can induce a magnetic moment of the ～ 4 μ B /supercell, which arises mainly from the 2p hole state of the nearest neighbouring O atom (～ 1 μ B on per oxygen) to the Ce vacancy. The effect of the methodology is investigated, indicating that U = 7 eV for the O2p state is necessary to obtain the localized O2p hole state in defective ceria with cation vacancies.     

Electronic properties of anatase TiO2 doped by lanthanides: A DFT+U study

The effects of mono-doping of 4f lanthanides with and without oxygen vacancy defect on the electronic structures of anatase TiO₂ have been studied by first-principles calculations with DFT+U (DFT with Hubbard U correction) to treat the strong correlation of Ti 3d electrons and lanthanides 4f electrons. Our results revealed that dopant Ce is easy to incorporate into the TiO₂ host by substituting Ti due to its lower substitutional energy (∼−2.0 eV), but the band gap of the system almost keeps intact after doping. The Ce 4f states are located at the bottom of conduction band, which mainly originates from Ti 3d states. The magnetic moment of doped Ce disappears due to electron transfer from Ce to the nearest O atoms. For Pr and Gd doping, their substitutional energies are similar and close to zero, indicating that both of them may also incorporate into the TiO₂ host. For Pr doping, some 4f spin-down states are located next to the bottom of the conduction band and narrow the band gap of the doping system. However, for Gd doping, the 4f states are located in deep valence band and there is no intermediate band in the band gap. The magnetic moment of dopant Gd is close to the value of isolated Gd atom (∼7 μB), indicating no overlapping between Gd 4f with other orbitals. For Eu, it is hard to incorporate into the TiO₂ host due to its very higher substitutional energy. The results also indicated that oxygen vacancy defect may enhance the adsorption of the visible light in Ln-doped TiO₂ system.     

Cu/CeO2(110)界面特性的第一性原理研究

Cu-CeO₂体系因其特殊的催化能力而在固体氧化物燃料电池和水煤气转化反应等多个催化领域有重要应用. 采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法, 在原子和电子层面上系统地研究了单个Cu原子及Cu小团簇在CeO₂(110)面上的吸附构型, 价键特性和电子结构, 结果表明: 1) 单个Cu原子的最稳定吸附位是两个表面O的桥位; 2) Cu团簇的稳定吸附构型为扭曲的四面体结构; 3) Cu原子及Cu团簇的吸附在CeO₂(110)面的gap区域引入了间隙态, 这些间隙态主要来自于Cu及其近邻的O和表层还原形成的Ce³⁺, 间隙态的出现表明Cu的吸附增强了CeO₂(110)表面的活性; 4) 吸附的单个Cu原子及Cu团簇分别被CeO₂(110)面表层的Ce⁴⁺离子氧化形成了Cu^δ+和Cu₄^δ+, 并伴随着Ce³⁺离子的形成, 这个反应可归结为Cu_x/Ce⁴⁺→Cu_x^δ+/Ce³⁺; 5) Cu团簇的吸附比Cu单原子的吸附引入了更多的Ce³⁺离子, 进而形成了更多的Cu^δ+-Ce³⁺催化活性中心. 结合已报道的Cu/CeO₂(111)界面特性, 更加全面地探明了Cu与CeO₂(111)和(110)两个较稳定低指数表面的协同作用特性, 较为系统地揭示了Cu增强CeO₂催化特性的原因及Cu与CeO₂协同作用的内在机理. 关键词： 2')" href="#">Cu/CeO₂ U')" href="#">DFT+U 吸附 电子结构     

H2在Li掺杂Al6Si+上吸附的理论研究

本文利用密度泛函理论的B3LYP/6-31G(d, p)和组态相互作用的QCISD/6-31G(d, p)研究了Al6Si+和Al6SiLi+团簇的几何和电子结构及其对H2分子的吸附,两种不同方法计算的H2分子在团簇上的吸附能非常一致。H2分子在Al6Si+团簇上的吸附能仅为-0.018 eV,Al6Si+团簇中掺杂Li原子可以明显增强其对H2分子的吸附。Al6SiLi+团簇吸附一个H2分子的吸附能可以达到-0.157 eV,吸附五个H2分子的平均吸附能为-0.088 eV。态密度和自然键轨道分析表明,电荷从Li原子向Si原子转移,H2分子在带正电的Li离子产生的电场中发生极化,从而在静电相互作用下吸附在Li原子周围。     

First principles study of the magnetism driven by cation defects in CeO2: the important role of O2p states

The magnetism driven by cation defects in undoped CeO2 bulk and thin films is studied by the density functional theory corrected for on-site Coulomb interactions （DFT＋U） with U = 5 eV for the Ce4f states and U = 7 eV for the O2p states. It is found that the Ce vacancies can induce a magnetic moment of the -4 gB/supercell, which arises mainly from the 2p hole state of the nearest neighbouring O atom （-1μB on per oxygen） to the Ce vacancy. The effect of the methodology is investigated, indicating that U = 7 eV for the O2p state is necessary to obtain the localized O2p hole state in defective ceria with cation vacancies.     

Pu(100)表面吸附CO2的密度泛函研究

采用广义梯度密度泛函理论的改进Perdew-Burke-Ernzerh方法结合周期性层晶模型,研究了CO₂分子在Pu（100）面上的吸附和解离.吸附能和几何构型的计算表明,CO₂以穴位C4O4构型吸附最为有利,吸附能为1.48 eV.布居分析和态密度分析表明,CO₂与Pu表面相互作用的本质主要是CO₂分子的杂化轨道2π_μ与Pu5f,Pu6d,Pu7s轨道通过强电子转移和弱重叠杂化的方式相互作用而生成了新的化学键.计算的CO₂→CO+O解离能垒为0.66 eV,解离吸附能为2.65 eV, 表明在一定热激活条件下CO₂分子倾向于发生解离性吸附.O₂,H₂,CO和CO₂在Pu （100）面吸附的比较分析表明,较低温度下的吸附强度顺序依次为O₂,CO,CO₂,H₂;较高温度下的吸附强度顺序依次为O₂,CO₂,CO,H₂. 关键词： 密度泛函理论 Pu （100） 2')" href="#">CO₂ 吸附和解离     

Transition metal-metal oxide hybrids as versatile materials for hydrogen storage

Metal atom located on metal oxide (MMO) is a promising material with various applications such as hydrogen storage. As one of the metal oxides, niobium oxide (NbO) presents fascinating properties that make it a possibly applicable in MMOs. Here, we investigated the feasibility of transition metal-NbO hybrids as MMO materials for application in the hydrogen storage technology. In this respect, the hydrogen adsorption of transition metals (Fe, Ni, Cu, Pd, Ag, and Pt) decorated on the NbO nanocluster has been explored using density functional theory calculations. We found that the adsorption energy of the H₂ molecule on the NbO adsorbent is remarkably increased by locating the transition metals on the NbO metal oxide. Our results reveal that the transition metals decorated on the NbO nanocluster can act as active sites for hydrogen adsorption. Among the studied transition metals, Pt shows the highest hydrogen capacity up to 6.52 wt%.     

Ab initio study of neutral (TiO2)n clusters and their interactions with water and transition metal atoms

We have systematically investigated the growth behavior and stability of small stoichiometric (TiO(2))(n) (n = 1-10) clusters as well as their structural, electronic and magnetic properties by using the first-principles plane wave pseudopotential method within density functional theory. In order to find out the ground state geometries, a large number of initial cluster structures for each n has been searched via total energy calculations. Generally, the ground state structures for the case of n = 1-9 clusters have at least one monovalent O atom, which only binds to a single Ti atom. However, the most stable structure of the n = 10 cluster does not have any monovalent O atom. On the other hand, Ti atoms are at least fourfold coordinated for the ground state structures for n ≥ 4 clusters. Our calculations have revealed that clusters prefer to form three-dimensional structures. Furthermore, all these stoichiometric clusters have nonmagnetic ground state. The formation energy and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap for the most stable structure of (TiO(2))(n) clusters for each n have also been calculated. The formation energy and hence the stability increases as the cluster size grows. In addition, the interactions between the ground state structure of the (TiO(2))(n) cluster and a single water molecule have been studied. The binding energy (E(b)) of the H(2)O molecule exhibits an oscillatory behavior with the size of the clusters. A single water molecule preferably binds to the cluster Ti atom through its oxygen atom, resulting an average binding energy of 1.1 eV. We have also reported the interaction of the selected clusters (n = 3, 4, 10) with multiple water molecules. We have found that additional water molecules lead to a decrease in the binding energy of these molecules to the (TiO(2))(n) clusters. Finally, the adsorption of transition metal (TM) atoms (V, Co and Pt) on the n = 10 cluster has been investigated for possible functionalization. All these elements interact strongly with this cluster, and a permanent magnetic moment is induced upon adsorption of Co and V atoms. We have observed gap localized TM states leading to significant HOMO-LUMO gap narrowing, which is essential to achieve visible light response for the efficient use of TiO(2) based materials. In this way, electronic and optical as well as magnetic properties of TiO(2) materials can be modulated by using the appropriate adsorbate atoms.