相对论电子探测谱仪的设计及标定

考虑电子的相对论效应,根据电磁学理论和相对论公式建立了电子磁谱仪的原理;按照该原理设计了电子的磁谱仪,用补偿磁路改善了磁场的均匀性;按照磁谱仪的结构对其进行了测试和标定;以LiF热释光探测器作为记录元件,可获得相对论电子的能量分布.实验上典型的测量结果与国外计算机模拟的结果较好地一致,从而证明电子磁谱仪的可靠性.     

单能电子阻止本领的研究及其在测厚中的应用--相对论效应实验谱仪系列实验之一

研究射线与物质的相互作用，在许多领域中有着重要的意义；通过单能电子阻止本领的测定及其在测厚中的应用，有助于解带电粒子与物质相互使用的规律，探讨其作用β磁谱仪在普通实验室进行单能电子与物质相互作用的研究，是相对论效应实验谱仪上机多系列实验的一个范例。     

相对论效应实验谱仪的系列教学实验

对相对率效应实验谱仪的重新设计和改进并在保留原有优点和特色的基础上弥补了原装置的不足之处,可以进行综合型、研究型系列近代物理教学实验,真正达到了一机多用的目的。通过在学生中的实验检测证明这一改革有助于提高学生分析、解决问题的能力和创新能力,符合面向２１世纪物理实验教学改革的趋势的方向。     

透射光栅谱仪的整体标定

 提出了透射光栅谱仪整体标定的建议,并在北京同步辐射源上首次对ICF实验中所用的透射光栅谱仪进行了整体标定, 获得了与分别标定基本一致的结果。与分别标定相比,整体标定具有实验步骤少、实验数据处理简单、标定结果使用更加直接等优点。     

透射光栅谱仪的整体标定

提出了透射光栅谱仪整体标定的建议,并在北京同步辐射源上首次对ICF实验中所用的透射光栅谱仪进行了整体标定, 获得了与分别标定基本一致的结果。与分别标定相比,整体标定具有实验步骤少、实验数据处理简单、标定结果使用更加直接等优点。     

多通道软X射线Dante谱仪标定及实验

介绍了用于阳加速器上Z箍缩内爆实验诊断的Dante谱仪的结构和通道配置,详细讨论了X射线二极管、掠入射平面反射镜和滤片等主要元器件的标定结果,分析了标定结果与理论计算发生偏差的原因,给出了喷气Z箍缩等离子体辐射的测量结果,X光辐射功率30～40 GW,能量约0.8 kJ,并与闪烁体光电管测量结果进行了比较,差异约20%。     

多通道软X射线Dante谱仪标定及实验

 介绍了用于阳加速器上Z箍缩内爆实验诊断的Dante谱仪的结构和通道配置,详细讨论了X射线二极管、掠入射平面反射镜和滤片等主要元器件的标定结果,分析了标定结果与理论计算发生偏差的原因,给出了喷气Z箍缩等离子体辐射的测量结果,X光辐射功率30～40 GW,能量约0.8 kJ,并与闪烁体光电管测量结果进行了比较,差异约20%。     

多通道软X射线Dante谱仪标定及实验

介绍了用于阳加速器上Z箍缩内爆实验诊断的Dante谱仪的结构和通道配置,详细讨论了X射线二极管、掠入射平面反射镜和滤片等主要元器件的标定结果,分析了标定结果与理论计算发生偏差的原因,给出了喷气Z箍缩等离子体辐射的测量结果,X光辐射功率30～40 GW,能量约0.8 kJ,并与闪烁体光电管测量结果进行了比较,差异约20%。     

相对论效应实验谱仪在测厚中的应用

相对论效应实验谱仪能便捷、准确地验证快速电子的能量与动量的相对论关系.本文利用这一仪器开展了两个综合性实验,分别对铝片和铝箔的厚度进行了测量,不仅可以加深学生对核物理实验技术和应用的理解,也做到了仪器设备一机多用,提高使用效益.     

用平场光栅谱仪现场标定5FW X光底片

采用像散模式的平场光栅谱仪作为分光元件，点状镁激光等离子体Ｘ射线源为原始光源，获得均匀线性单色较Ｘ射线再生源，在此基础上，用多阶梯衰减膜为相对曝光强度标尺，现场标定了上海感光胶片厂生产的５ＦＷ无保护膜Ｘ光底片，给出了５．０ｎｍ～８．０ｎｍ间的底片响应特性。     

Characterization of relativistic electrons generated by a cone guiding laser pulse

We demonstrated the interaction of a gold cone target with a femto second(fs) laser pulse above the relativistic intensity of 1.37×10 18 μm 2 W/cm 2.Relativistic electrons with energy above 2 MeV were observed.A 25%-40% increase of the electron temperature is achieved compared to the case when a plane gold target is used.The electron temperature increase results from the guiding of the laser beam at the tip and the intense quasistatic magnetic field in the cone geometry.The behavior of the relativistic electrons is verified in our 2D-PIC simulations.     

L-shell ionization of atoms by relativistic electrons

A theoretical study of theL-shell ionization of atoms by relativistic electrons is made for atomic numbers in the range 47 to 92. A new potential model recently proposed by Das and Chakraborty dealing with atomic screening effect in a better way has been used. The results are in satisfactory agreement when compared with some available experimental results and also with the theoretical results of Scofield.     

光子与相对论麦克斯韦分布电子散射的能谱角度谱研究

光子与相对论麦克斯韦分布电子散射的描述及能谱角度谱计算非常复杂且费时.本文提出了一种光子与相对论麦克斯韦速度分布电子散射的蒙特卡罗(MC)模拟方法,该方法能够细致模拟高温等离子体中任意能量光子与任意温度电子的Compton和逆Compton散射问题.对于散射后光子的能谱和角度谱参数,可以根据电子温度抽样若干不同状态的电子,分别模拟其与光子发生散射,可以得到各次散射后的光子能量和偏转角度,取统计平均后的结果即可获得该光子与该温度电子散射的能谱和角度谱分布.根据该方法编写了光子与相对论电子散射MC模拟程序,开展了高温全电离等离子体中光子与相对论电子散射的能谱角度谱计算和分析,分析结果显示:热运动电子将展宽出射光子能谱,且低能光子与高温电子散射后的蓝移现象明显;出射光子的角度谱很复杂,其决定于入射光子能量、出射光子能量及电子温度.基于该方法计算并以数表形式给出的光子-相对论电子散射能谱角度谱数据,可以供辐射输运数值模拟程序使用.     

激光与相对论电子束相互作用中阿秒X射线脉冲的产生

本文对激光与相对论电子束相互作用产生的阿秒X射线脉冲进行了研究.阿秒X射线脉冲是由于激光被相对论运动的电子束经过汤姆孙后向散射产生的.讨论了等离子体参数对产生的阿秒X射线的影响.发现其波长随着入射激光的频率的增加或电子束的速度增加而减小.选择合适的参数还可以获得"水窗"波段的X射线.还讨论了相对论电子束的密度与其前沿的密度梯度的大小对所产生X射线的转化效率的影响. 关键词： 阿秒X射线脉冲 汤姆孙后向散射 超强激光 相对论电子束     

Computation of triple differential cross-sections with the inclusion of exchange effects in atomic K-shell ionization by relativistic electrons for symmetric geometry

The triple differential cross-section for K-shell ionization of silver and copper atoms by relativistic electrons have been computed in the coplanar symmetric geometry with the inclusion of exchange effects following the multiple scattering theory of Das and Seal [1] multiplied by suitable spinors. Present computed results are marginally improved in some cases from the previous computed results [2]. Present results are compared with measured values [3] and with previous computation results [2]. Some other theoretical computational results are also presented here for comparison.      

Characteristics of the magnetic analysis system for a compact MPR-type spectrometer

The magnetic proton recoil(MPR)spectrometer is a novel diagnostic instrument with high perfor-mance for measurements of neutron spectra in inertial confinement fusion(ICF)experiments and high power fusion devices.A compact MPR-type spectrometer dedicated to the research of pulsed deuterium-tritium(DT)neutron spectroscopy of special experimental conditions is currently under design.Analyses of the main parameters and performance of the magnetic analysis system through 3-D particle transport calculations and MonteCarlo simulations and calibration of the system performance as a test using CR-39 solid track detector and α particle from 239pu and 226Ra radioactive sources are presented in this paper.The results indicate that the magnetic analysis system will achieve a detection efficiency level of 10-5-10-4 at an energy resolution of 1.5%-2.1%,and fulfills the design goals of the spectrometer.     

Characteristics of the magnetic analysis system for a compact MPR-type spectrometer

The magnetic proton recoil（MPR）spectrometer is a novel diagnostic instrument with high perfor-mance for measurements of neutron spectra in inertial confinement fusion（ICF）experiments and high power fusion devices.A compact MPR-type spectrometer dedicated to the research of pulsed deuterium-tritium（DT）neutron spectroscopy of special experimental conditions is currently under design.Analyses of the main parameters and performance of the magnetic analysis system through 3-D particle transport calculations and MonteCarlo simulations and calibration of the system performance as a test using CR-39 solid track detector and α particle from 239pu and 226Ra radioactive sources are presented in this paper.The results indicate that the magnetic analysis system will achieve a detection efficiency level of 10-5-10-4 at an energy resolution of 1.5%-2.1%,and fulfills the design goals of the spectrometer.     

超热电子在非均匀磁场中的运动轨迹

在电子磁谱仪中实际的磁场强度分布是不均匀的,这就造成电子束在探测器上的位置和分布与均匀磁场假设下的结果的不同.根据实验测出的磁谱仪实际的磁场分布对磁谱仪中电子束的轨迹进行了研究 关键词： 电子磁谱仪     

Stability and instability of relativistic electrons in classical electromagnetic fields

The stability of matter composed of electrons and static nuclei is investigated for a relativistic dynamics for the electrons given by a suitably projected Dirac operator and with Coulomb interactions. In addition there is an arbitrary classical magnetic field of finite energy. Despite the previously known facts that ordinary nonrelativistic matter with magnetic fields, or relativistic matter without magnetic fields, is already unstable when a, the fine structure constant, is too large, it is noteworthy that the combination of the two is still stableprovided the projection onto the positive energy states of the Dirac operator, whichdefines the electron, is chosen properly. A good choice is to include the magnetic field in the definition. A bad choice, which always leads to instability, is the usual one in which the positive energy states are defined by the free Dirac operator. Both assertions are proved here. This paper is dedicated to Bernard Jancovici on the occasion of his 65th birthday.