ESR and superconductivity of Nd3+ and Gd3+ in ZrIr2

We report low temperatures ESR and Superconductivity experiments on Nd³⁺ and Gd³⁺ in the superconducting cubic intermetallic compound ZrIr₂. The ratio of the squares of the effective 4f-conduction electron exchange parameters corresponding to Nd³⁺ and Gd³⁺ ($\text{J}{}^2{}_{\mathrm{s-Nd}}\text{J}{}^2{}_{\mathrm{s-Gd}}$) were extracted both from the thermal broadening of the ESR linewidths and from the initial depression of the superconducting critical temperature, and were found to be comparable. Nd³⁺ was found to have a larger exchange parameter than of Gd³⁺.     

Ion Mobility in Triple Sodium Molybdates and Tungstates with a NASICON Structure

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - Research data for the diffusion mechanisms of Na+ ions in Na1 – xMg1 – xAl1 + x(XO4)3 (X = Mo, W) compounds with the NASICON-type...     

P5+ Ion Doped Gd2SiO5:Ce3+ Scintillation Crystal

Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute - Ce3+, P5+, Ca2+, and Zn2+ ion doped Gd2SiO5 crystals are grown by the Czochralski method. The pulsed cathodoluminescence spectra, light yield, and...     

Electron paramagnetic resonance of Gd3+ ions in powders of LaF3:Gd3+ nanocrystals

The observation of electron paramagnetic resonance of Gd³⁺ ions in nanosized powders of rare-earth fluorides LaF₃:Gd³⁺ has been reported. The measurements have been performed on a single crystal and micro- and nanosized powders at room temperature. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra and spin-Hamiltonian parameters of Gd³⁺ ions have been obtained. A qualitative difference of spectra in nano- and micropowders due to the increase in the spread of the crystal field parameters with the decrease in the particle size has been found. The relationship between the single-crystal domain size and the hydrothermal treatment time has been established.     

在NaGdF4：Tm3+, Dy3+中Gd3+间的能量迁移及Gd3+-Dy3+能量传递量子效率

基于量子剪裁基本原理,通过光谱技术研究NaGdF₄:Tm³⁺,Dy³⁺在一个真空紫外光子激发下获得两个蓝色光子的可能性。在这种化合物中,量子剪裁通过下转换,即通过应用不同镧系离子间的能量传递进行。通过对Tm 4f¹²-4f¹¹5d激发,部分能量从Tm³⁺离子5d态直接传递给Gd³⁺,然后在Gd³⁺-Tm³⁺之间发生交叉弛豫,剩余能量从Gd³⁺传递给Dy³⁺,产生两个可见光子发射,一个来自Tm³⁺的¹G₄-³H₆跃迁,另一个来自Dy³⁺的⁴F_9/2-⁶H_15/2跃迁。主要研究获得以NaGdF₄:Tm³⁺,Dy³⁺为基础的新型具有更高效率,更高稳定性和更强真空紫外(VUV)吸收量子剪裁发光粉的可能性。各种光谱技术,如光致发光、激发和衰减等被用来表征不同Dy³⁺浓度掺杂NaGdF₄中Gd³⁺晶格间能量迁移引起的施主Gd³⁺和受主Dy³⁺之间的能量传递。结果表明Gd³⁺离子之间存在能量迁移,随之交换相互作用引起施主与受主(Gd³⁺-Dy³⁺)之间的能量传递。通过Bursh-tein等人关于激发态的弛豫理论,施主-受主能量传递参数k_DS可以从Gd³⁺的⁶P_7/2发射的衰减计算出。Gd³⁺-Dy³⁺能量传递量子效率也可以得到。NaGdF₄:Tm³⁺和NaGdF₄:Tm³⁺,Dy³⁺是由水热法制备的,NaGdF₄:Dy³⁺是由文献[4]方法制备的。发射光谱和激发光谱通过自制的VUV光谱仪和F-4500测量。衰减曲线由OPO激光器激发获得Gd³⁺-Dy³⁺之间能量传递量子效率在受主浓度大约在N_A=0.6%时达到最佳值,并且明显地观测到浓度猝灭效应。     

An Analysis of the Trigonal Center Structure of Yb3+ Ion in CsCaF3

The crystal field parameters determined from interpretation of optical spectra are used to analyze distortions of a crystal lattice in the vicinity of an impurity ion and vacancy at a Cs⁺ site compensating the excess positive charge in the trigonal centers of Yb³⁺ ions in CsCaF₃ crystal. Interactions of the impurity ion with the nearest neighbors (an octahedron of F^? ions) and the next nearest neighbors (a cube of Cs⁺ ions) are considered within the superposition model. It is established that, at formation of the trigonal center, three F^? ions of the nearest octahedron, placed symmetrically along the threefold axis on the side of the vacancy, move away from the impurity ion a little and significantly deviate from this axis. The second triangle of F^? ions, on the contrary, comes nearer to the impurity ion and nestles on the axis of the center a little. The three Cs⁺ ions, the second neighbors on the side of the vacancy, slightly come nearer to Yb³⁺ ion and considerably nestle on the center axis. The second triangle of Cs⁺ ions, from the opposite side of vacancy, also comes nearer to the paramagnetic ion and also nestles on the center axis a little. The Cs⁺ ion, lying on the center axis, comes considerably nearer to the impurity ion.     

ESR of Ti3+ in LiNbO3

In reduced LiNbO₃ and ESR signal was identified which is attributed to Ti³⁺ (3d)¹ by comparison with known (4d)¹ and (5d)¹ centers. The signal can be increased many times by Ti in-diffusion. It is photosensitive, being quenched by near UV-illumination.     

Ultraviolet upconversion emissions of Gd3+

Under 980 nm excitation, upconversion (UC) emissions in the UV range of 270-320 nm were observed in nanocrystals Y(0.795-x)Gd(x)Yb(0.2)Tm(0.005)F(3) (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 0.795), which were synthesized through a hydrothermal method. These UC emissions can be assigned to the transitions of (6)I(J), (6)P(J)-->(8)S(7/2)(Gd(3+)), and (3)P(0)/(1)I(6)-->(3)H(6) (Tm(3+)). The energy transfer from Tm(3+) to Gd(3+) plays a crucial role in populating the excited states of Gd(3+). The shortest wavelength of upconverted emission converted from the infrared region was demonstrated here.     

Electron spin-lattice relaxation of Yb3+ and Gd3+ ions in glasses

The electron spin-lattice relaxation rate (T ₁ ^?1) was measured in two glass samples: (i) a phosphate glass doped with 1 wt% Yb₂O₃ and (ii) a Li₂Si₄O₉ glass sample doped with 0.2 wt% Gd₂O₃. In the Yb³⁺-doped glass sample,T ₁ was measured by an electron-spin-echo technique from 4.2 to 6 K, by the modulation method from 10 to 26 K and by the EPR linewidth from 30 to 100 K. It was found thatT ₁ ^?1 αT ⁿ withn=9 in the range 4.2–6 K.n decreased gradually as the temperature was increased and tended towards 2 above 40 K. Over the entire temperature range 4.2–100 K,T ₁ ^?1 was fitted toAT+BT ⁹ J ₈ (Θ _D/T) (whereA andB are two temperature-independent constants,J ₈ is the well-known Van Vleck integral andΘ _D is the Debye temperature). The value ofΘ _D (=46.3±0.9 K) so determined is in good agreement with that of Stevens and Stapleton from theirT ₁ measurements in the range 1.5 to 7 K. In the Gd³⁺-doped glass, it was observed thatT ₁ ^?1 αT over the range 50–150 K. The data for Ye³⁺-doped glass sample were accounted for by assuming that the phonon modulation of the ligand field is the dominant mechanism, associated with a low Debye temperature in accordance with the published data obtained by using other techniques to study lattice dynamics. On the other hand, the data on the Gd³⁺-doped glass sample were explained to be predominantly due to a mechanism involving Two-Level-Systems (TLS)     

Temperature dependence of the spin state of a Co3+ Ion in RCoO3 (R = La,Gd) cobaltites

Changes in the spin state of Co³⁺ ions in LaCoO₃ and GdCoO₃ compounds are studied through the use of the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility and the modified crystal field theory. It is shown that the spin subsystem of Co³⁺ ions in LaCoO₃ and GdCoO₃ undergoes the spin-crossover type transition between the high-spin (S = 2) and low-spin (S = 0) states without any contribution of the intermediate-spin state (S = 1).     

KAIF4：Ce,Gd磷光体的荧光特性及能量传递

采用溶液反应和固相反应,分别合成了ＫＡＩＦ４基质化合物及ＫＡＩＦ４：Ｇｄ、ＫＡＩＦ４：Ｃｅ,Ｇｄ等磷光体,研究了它们的光谱特性。结果表明,ＫＡＩＦ４：Ｇｄ无认顷皮或长波紫外辐激发下,均无任何吸收和发射。在ＫＡＩＦ４：Ｃｅ,Ｇｄ中,Ｃｅ＾３＋离子能有效地将能量传递给Ｇｄ＾３＋离子,使Ｇｄ＾３＋产生了特征锐发射,具发射强度很大。但当Ｃｅ＾３＋浓度固定不变,改变Ｇｄ＾３＋的＾６Ｐ１／２→＾８Ｓ７／２发射     

Effect of Gd3+ ions on the luminescence of opa-Gly

Published in Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii Vol. 62, No. 5, pp. 221–224, Sepember–October, 1995.     

Vibrational spectroscopy of oh-defects in sol-gel Ce 3+ and Gd 3+ -doped silicate glasses

Vibrational modes of OH, as stretching, bending, combination, and overtones, were monitored by means of FTIR spectroscopy in Ce 3+ - and Gd 3+ -doped silicate glasses, prepared by means of the sol-gel technique, submitted to different thermal treatments, and aimed to applications as scintillators. The dopant concentration was varied in a wide range (10 m 3 -8% m.f.) and co-doped samples were also investigated. In this framework, the effects of OH and of rare-earth (RE) clustering, i.e. two possible non-radiative decay channels, on the IR spectra in the 500-14 v 000 v cm m 1 were examined. OH was detected as belonging either to water and to silanol in samples densified at 450 and 750 v C, while in those treated at 1050 v C only Si-OH groups were present in a concentration of the order of 1% m.f., nearly regardless of the RE amount. An absorption peaking at 4250 v cm m 1 was identified as related to an OH combination mode (bending+stretching) perturbed by a Gd cluster on the basis of its amplitude dependence on the Gd concentration and rapid thermal treatment.     

ESR of Nd+3 in type II superconductors

The resonance properties of the Γ₆ ground state of Nd⁺³ in the type II Superconductors CeRu₂, ThRu₂ and LaRu₂ are reported. A significant change of the g value and lineshape were observed for CeRu₂:Nd upon going from the normal state to the superconducting state. The data in the superconducting state is discussed in terms of conduction electron's pairing mechanism and inhomogeneous field distribution mechanism in the superconducting state. A preliminary lineshape analysis is not completely consistent with previous theoretical predictions and experiments.     

单晶LiNbO3:Mn2+的ESR谱研究

用室温电子自旋共振(ESR)实验研究单晶LiNbO3中Mn2+的精细结构和超精细结构.对ESR谱的分析得出,零磁场的能级分裂数值:自旋角动量能级|±1/2>与|±3/2>之间的间隔为△ε1=-587×10-4cm-1,而|±3/2>与|±5/2>之间的能级间隔为△ε2=-2633×10-4cm-1;其各向异性朗德因子g//=2.1810,g⊥=2.0937;精细结构常数D=-536×10-4cm-1;超精细结构常数A//=88.36×10-4cm-1,A⊥=81.20×10-4cm-1,即精细结构相互作用要比超精细结构相互作用大得多.另外,特别值得提到的是实验中还发现两组明显的禁戒跃迁,|-3/2> |1/2>和|-1/2> |5/2>.     

Thermal behavior of paramagnetic Gd3+ centers in CsSrCl3

The temperature dependence of the order parameters and the axial initial splitting parameter of Gd³⁺ impurity complexes is measured in the first low-symmetry phase of CsSrCl₃, and the relationship between these parameters is found. The parameters of the thermodynamic potential, which takes into account the interaction of the order parameter with strains, are estimated. The nature of the temperature dependence of the axial initial splitting parameter in the cubic phase is explained. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 41, 2065–2069 (November 1999)