分析弹性支承输流管道的失稳临界流速

研究了两端弹性支承输流管道静态失稳和动态失稳临界流速. 根据梁模型横向弯曲振动模态 函数,由两端弹性支承的边界条件得到了其模态函数的一般表达式. 根据特征方程具体分析 了弹性支承刚度、质量比、流体压力和管截面轴向力等主要参数对失稳临界流速的影响. 数 值计算结果表明,管道在弹性支承下的动力稳定性比较复杂,在较小的弹性支承刚度和较小 的参数范围内,管道主要表现为动态颤振失稳;在较大的弹性支承刚度和较大的参数作用下, 管道的失稳形式主要表现为静态失稳;并且失稳临界流速随流体压力和管截面轴向压力的增 加而下降,随管截面轴向拉力的增加而上升.     

波纹管在内压作用下柱失稳临界压力的计算

 讨论了波纹管在内压作用下的柱失稳问题，将波纹管等效成圆 柱壳，证明了该柱壳在内压作用下失稳的临界压力与在轴向均布压力 作用下失稳的临界压力相等，利用作者对波纹管整体弯曲问题的研究 成果确定等效柱壳的抗弯刚度，给出了波纹管在内压作用下柱失稳临 界压力的计算公式. 由对前人实验的观察分析得出波纹管呈弹性柱失 稳的条件为其长细比大于1，在此条件下本文的计算结果和前人的实 验结果相一致.     

同心旋转圆柱间强弹性流的非线性稳定性分析

基于Oldroyd-B型粘弹性流体模型，采用同心旋转圆柱间非线性动力系统分析了流体的弹性对轴对称Taylor涡稳定性的影响．分析结果表明，对于弱弹性流体，Taylor涡出现时，系统存在超临界分岔；而对于强弹性流体则出现亚临界分岔．在小间隙大扰动条件下，采用有限差分法分析了非线性效应对系统稳定性的影响．数值计算结果表明，随着流动速度的增加，润滑油膜的失稳结构与流体的弹性有关，对于弱弹性流，流体以同宿轨道分岔失稳；强弹性流则出现倍周期分岔，直至发生混沌，流场最终发展为湍流．     

基于渐近均匀化方法的准周期梁结构等效刚度数值实现方法研究

相比周期梁结构,准周期梁结构沿轴向梯度变化,具有更大的设计自由度,能够获得更好的结构性能。由于其非均质性,一般将其均匀化为具有等效性质的均质梁结构,但现有工作很少涉及准周期梁结构等效性质的计算。本文针对由周期梁结构映射而成的准周期梁结构,通过引入雅可比矩阵,基于渐近均匀化方法推导的单胞方程及其等效性质计算列式,并建立了其单胞方程及等效刚度的有限元求解列式。该方法可以处理沿轴向变形的任意微单胞构型,数值算例验证了其正确性和有效性。     

基于剪切梁的地垒断层型矿震解析分析

为得到地垒组合型断层失稳诱发矿震的方式及断层影响区顶板平衡结构的解析解,将顶板简化为剪切梁模型进行分析.基于弹性剪切梁确定了顶板最大等效剪力位置和顶板初次垮落步距的计算公式.顶板等效剪力随着采空区跨度的增加而增加,达到顶板极限值时发生初次来压,顶板断裂位置出现在煤层内部.用弹塑性剪切梁模型分析存在地垒断层的采场顶板初次来压和周期来压,当最大等效剪力达到断层剪切极限时,断层错动,释放能量,发生矿震.     

多种非线性力作用下不平衡弹性转子的分岔特性

研究了4自由度不平衡弹性转子在非线性油膜力、非线性内阻力和非线性弹性力联合作用下的动力学特性。结果表明，当只有非线性油膜力作用时，转子只存在由于油膜失稳而导致的倍周期分岔。而当非线性油膜力与非线性内阻力共同作用时，在油膜失稳后，转子产生低频振动。转速继续增加，还会诱发内阻失稳，产生概周期运动。在倍周期分岔中，存在分岔激变现象。本文发现的由于油膜涡动而导致的内阻失稳(概周期运动)是一种未见报道的转子失稳模式(组合失稳)，它与油膜失稳(倍周期运动)一起可作为转子故障诊断的典型失稳模式。     

流固耦合的周期加强板的振动及声辐射研究

研究了流体负载下的无穷大双周期加强板, 在周期谐振力作用下的振动响应和声辐射,并提出了一种基于有限元和空间波数法的半解析半数值方法. 首先利用有限元的方法对周期结构进行单元离散, 并将结构对薄板的作用力等效为节点力的作用. 然后通过周期结构的振动方程, 结合薄板与结构的位移边界条件, 建立了节点力与薄板节点位移的函数方程. 最后应用空间波数法和傅里叶变换, 并采用数值计算的方法求解出薄板的节点位移, 得到了周期加强板关于离散节点位移的振动和辐射声压方程. 在数值算例中, 对该方法的正确性进行了验证, 并且分析了周期结构对薄板的振动和声辐射的影响.     

周期结构后屈曲新算法及其应用

提出了周期结构后屈曲分析的一种新算法。在屈曲点附近,通过加载模型和诱导后屈曲边值问题之间的相互切换,避开屈曲点附近刚度矩阵的奇异性,并诱导结构产生预期的后屈曲变形,避免了以往后屈曲算法中引入几何初始缺陷后对系统带来的可能影响。通过对三种由超弹性材料所构成的周期孔隙结构的后屈曲分析,验证了本文所提出的后屈曲算法的有效性和灵活性。分析了周期孔隙材料多向加载对屈曲模式转换的影响,以及后屈曲变形对弹性波传播带隙的影响,为周期结构中弹性波传播的调控提供良好的基础。     

分数阶拟周期Mathieu方程的动力学分析

分数阶微积分有着诸多优异的特点, 目前在动力学领域主要用来提高非线性系统振动特性研究的准确性. 本文在拟周期Mathieu方程的基础上, 引入分数阶微积分理论, 研究了分数阶微分项参数对方程稳定性的影响. 首先, 采用摄动法得到方程稳定区和非稳定区分界线(即过渡曲线)近似表达式, 利用数值方法验证了解析结果的准确性, 图像显示两者吻合较好. 随后, 通过归纳总结不同情况下的过渡曲线近似表达式, 发现在系统中分数阶微分项以等效线性刚度和等效线性阻尼的方式存在. 根据这一特点, 得到了系统等效线性阻尼和等效线性刚度的一般形式, 并且定义了非稳定区域厚度. 最后, 通过数值仿真直观地分析了分数阶微分项参数对方程稳定区域大小和过渡曲线位置的影响. 结果发现, 分数阶微分项不仅具有阻尼特性还具有刚度特性, 并且以等效线性刚度和等效线性阻尼的方式影响着方程稳定区域大小和过渡曲线位置. 合理选择分数阶微分项参数可以使其呈现不同程度的刚度特性或阻尼特性, 方程稳定区域的大小和过渡曲线的位置也因此产生了不同程度的变化.      

构造上正交各向异性凹凸板等效刚度的研究

针对构造上正交各向异性凹凸板等效刚度的研究问题,考虑经典弹性薄板理论和凹凸板的几何周期特性,划分出了以凸起为中心的典型单元,首先研究了典型单元的刚度特性,再通过刚度组合方法得到了凹凸板的等效弯曲刚度;然后以四边简支正交各向异性凹凸板为例,基于经典薄板理论中纳维二重三角级数推广到正交各向异性板的解,利用本文的等效刚度公式分别计算了在集中载荷作用下板的挠度和其自身的固有频率。计算结果与ANSYS有限元的模拟结果进行对比,理论计算与有限元模拟结果一致,验证了本文等效解析方法的合理性和精确性。最后讨论了凹凸板的各项尺寸参数对刚度等效精度的影响,并对其原因进行了分析。本文给出的等效刚度解析方法便于工程应用,尤其在应对大规模凹凸板刚度求解中具有计算简便的优点,研究结果对凹凸板静力学和动力学的研究以及实际工程应用具有重要的指导意义。     

液压作用下套管柱临界屈曲载荷计算的能量法

推导了内外液压作用下套管柱微弯时的能量平衡公式,并计算了其屈曲临界载荷计算公式。得到的结果低于目前已发表的结果。内外液压对套管稳定性的影响相当于在套管底端作用一个附加的轴向力和一个沿轴线均布的线载荷。对含有内压的两端封堵的细长管柱,内压对临界屈曲载荷没有影响。结果可供油井设计及作业参考。     

Dynamic buckling of cylindrical shells subject to an axial impact in a symplectic system

This paper discusses the dynamic pre-buckling of finite cylindrical shells in the propagation and reflection of axial stress waves. By introducing the Hamiltonian system into dynamic buckling of structures, the problem can be described mathematically in a symplectic space. The solutions of Hamiltonian dual equations shown in canonical variables are obtained. The problem is reduced to the determination of eigenvalues and eigensolutions, with the former indicating critical buckling loads and the latter buckling modes. Numerical example presented shows phenomena of axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric dynamic buckling subject to impacts of axial load.     

Axisymmetric compressive buckling of multi-walled carbon nanotubes under different boundary conditions

The paper studies the axisymmetric compressive buckling behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) under different boundary conditions based on continuum mechanics model. A buckling condition is derived for determining the critical buckling load and associated buckling mode of MWNTs, and numerical results are worked out for MWNTs with different aspect ratios under fixed and simply supported boundary conditions. It is shown that the critical buckling load of MWNTs is insensitive to boundary conditions, except for nanotubes with smaller radii and very small aspect ratio. The associated buckling modes for different layers of MWNTs are in-phase, and the buckling displacement ratios for different layers are independent of the boundary conditions and the length of MWNTs. Moreover, for simply supported boundary conditions, the critical buckling load is compared with the corresponding one for axial compressive buckling, which indicates that the critical buckling load for axial compressive buckling can be well approximated by the corresponding one for axisymmetric compressive buckling. In particular, for axial compressive buckling of double-walled carbon nanotubes, an analytical expression is given for approximating the critical buckling load. The present investigation may be of some help in further understanding the mechanical properties of MWNTs.     

局部削弱压杆的稳定性实验研究

因为缺乏相关的理论和实验研究,局部削弱压杆的临界载荷通常按无削弱压杆处理.工程中,局部削弱压杆的使用极为普遍.对局部削弱压杆的稳定性的定量研究结果,无论是工程中,还是材料力学教学中都是迫切需要的.本文在前人理论研究的基础上,对局部削弱压杆的临界载荷作了定量的实验研究.试验结果表明,对细长压杆,即使削弱部分的刚度下降达到38.9%,对失稳临界载荷的影响仍可忽略;试验结果与黄玉珊提出的对局部削弱压杆稳定性的定量计算方法也比较接近.研究结果对部分工程问题和材料力学教学都具有一定的指导意义.     

受轴向冲击有限长弹性直杆中应力波引起的分叉问题

研究了有限长理想直杆受阶跃载荷作用的弹性动力屈曲问题。将直杆的屈问题归结为由轴向应力波传播而导致的杆的分叉问题，并考虑了应力波反射的影响。给出了分叉发生的临界条件并对具体实例进行了计算。最后对阶跃载荷及脉冲载荷对杆的动力屈曲的影响进行了讨论。     

The bifurcation problem of columns caused by elastic-plastic stress wave propagation

In this paper, the dynamic buckling of an elastic-plastic column is studied. Let its dynamic buckling under step load be reduced to a bifurcation problem caused by the propagation of axial elastic-plastic stress wave. The critical buckling condition is given and the reflection of the elastic-plastic stress wave is taken into consideration. In the end, numerical computation and conclusions are presented and obtained. Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19672038)     

On dynamic buckling phenomena in axially loaded elastic-plastic cylindrical shells

Some characteristic features of the dynamic inelastic buckling behaviour of cylindrical shells subjected to axial impact loads are discussed. It is shown that the material properties and their approximations in the plastic range influence the initial instability pattern and the final buckling shape of a shell having a given geometry. The phenomena of dynamic plastic buckling (when the entire length of a cylindrical shell wrinkles before the development of large radial displacements) and dynamic progressive buckling (when the folds in a cylindrical shell form sequentially) are analysed from the viewpoint of stress wave propagation resulting from an axial impact. It is shown that a high velocity impact causes an instantaneously applied load, with a maximum value at t=0 and whether or not this load causes an inelastic collapse depends on the magnitude of the initial kinetic energy.     

Wavy-edged fractures in axially split aluminium tubes

This paper is motivated by the somewhat unusual need to gain insight into the phenomenology of the mechanism by which a wavy edge is formed on the wreckage of some aircraft fuselage skins associated with aircraft destroyed in flight by on-board explosion.In order to explore the role of the plastic zone adjacent to the crack tip whilst avoiding the practical complications of generating the fractures explosively, simple quasi-static experiments have been carried out on aluminium tubes. Oversized rigid dies were pushed inside the tubes along their axes to generate fractures in Mode I and Mode III. It is conjectured that wavy edges are associated with fractures resulting from internal expansion of the tube by a travelling, internal, radial ring pressure region. The pressurised region behind the crack tip would be produced by explosively generated internal pressure being vented at the crack and, for the purpose of this study, is considered to be equivalent to that generated by the die. The production of such cracks is clearly demonstrated experimentally and contrasted with the plain-edge fractures produces during Mode III tearing fracture.A damage-model-based finite element analysis has been conducted to simulate the propagation of the crack and provide further insight into the strain and stress fields along the fractured edges. Both the experimental and numerical results show that this particular type of ring loading has to be applied to the tube to produce the wavy edge. Such a load expands the fractured flaps in the radial direction, stretching the material in the circumferential direction and, crucially, in the axial direction. The latter generates a relatively wide plastic wake close to and parallel to the fracture edge as the tube fails within which axial plastic strain predominates. Constrained by the remaining part of the tube that has not undergone plastic deformation, sufficient axial residual compressive stress can be produced in the plastic wake to produce a wavy edge which results from local buckling in the plastic wake. This mechanism suggests that ripples observed on the edges of fuselage skin wreckage are possible signatures of an internal explosion. The work described herein is also relevant to the deformation in a failed high-pressure gas pipe following the propagation of a ductile crack as noted previously in the literature.     

Nondestructive shell-stability estimation by a combined-loading technique

Accurate nondestructive procedures for cylindrical-shell-stability investigations have long been a goal of experimentalists and practicing engineers. Stability criteria based on stress and deflection have been investigated intensively by researchers, but lateral-stiffness variation has been largely ignored. It is this aspect which is the foundation of the present work. The variation of specimen lateral stiffness with compressive axial loading is studied experimentally and it is demonstrated that buckling loads can be predicted for monocoque shells from such data. A study of the initial specimen geometry is presented and an evaluation is made of its effect on the distribution of stiffness at zero axial load. When the lateral test force used to termine the stiffness is considered as a destabilizing load in combination with the axial compression, it is shown that critical values of the force can be estimated by the “Southwell plat” procedure. These critical forces can be correlated with axial load and extrapolated to yield an accurate estimate of the buckling load. The approach greatly reduces the compressive load necessary for stability predictions over that required for other techniques.     

弹性圆柱壳在轴向应力波传播过程中的非对称屈曲

讨论弹性圆柱壳端部受冲击载荷作用，在应力波传播过程中的非对称屈曲问题。通过求解扰动方程得到了动态屈曲的分叉条件、临界载荷和屈曲模态。数值结果表明，当壳壁厚不很薄时，轴对称屈曲临界载荷比非对称临界载荷高；反之，轴对称临界载荷会比非对称临界载荷低。不同的冲击载荷，屈曲模态也将不同。