丹-锡高速公路两侧土壤中重金属元素污染的测定与评价（英文）

论文对丹-锡高速公路两旁土壤中重金属Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Fe、Ni和Mn元素的含量进行了采样调查。分别用单项污染指数、内梅罗指数和地累积指数对土壤中重金属元素的污染状况进行了评价。结果表明:高速公路两旁栽种防护林对土壤重金属污染起到一定的防护作用。随着距路基中心距离的增加,土壤pH值变化范围不大,土壤略呈弱酸性,土壤中Pb、Zn、Mn、Cd和Cu的含量呈现下降的趋势,Fe、Cr、Ni的含量在距路基10~30m范围内略有增加。公路两侧土壤中Pb含量超过背景值,但没有引起污染,Zn、Cr和Cd含量处于轻度到中度污染。土壤中Pb、Cd、Zn、Fe和Cu来自于同一类污染源。     

长期施用鸡粪对土壤重金属积累的影响与评价

研究了金华市郊长期施用规模化养殖场鸡粪的蔬菜基地土壤重金属的积累现状.结果表明,该基地土壤重金属(Pb、Cd、Cu、Cr)含量已有一定程度的积累,其中80%大棚土壤已处于污染警戒水平(2级).其中,单一元素Cd污染严重,80%的基地土壤重金属镉含量已达轻度污染程度;其他元素含量虽未超标,但都有一定程度的积累.     

湖南长沙城市土壤地质环境综合评价

对长沙市土壤重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As污染现状进行了调查与评价。结果表明,长沙市110个样本中总体Cd、Cr污染程度已经属于重污染,Zn、As属于中污染,Cu、Pb、Hg属于轻度污染;不同母岩类型土壤中泥盆纪砂页岩、新生代沉积物、花岗岩的重金属含量较高。     

长沙市公园土壤重金属调查与评价

根据对长沙市公园土壤的重金属含量测定结果,采用内梅罗综合污染指数对其进行了评价,并运用相关分析、聚类分析进行了统计分析。研究结果表明,岳麓山公园、烈士公园土壤重金属含量较低,月亮岛土壤重金属含量较高。通过内梅罗综合污染指数评价,认为岳麓山公园土壤属于安全级别,未发生重金属污染;烈士公园土壤中Cr、Hg、Cd属轻污染,其余重金属无污染;月亮岛中土壤重金属污染相对严重,其中Zn、Cd属重污染。通过相关分析表明,与pH值呈正相关的为Cr、Zn、Pb、As;聚类分析研究表明,在距离为20分为两大类Cr、Zn;Hg、Cd、Cu、As、Pb、pH。     

新疆喀什市农田土壤重金属特征分析

目的对新疆喀什市农田土壤重金属特征进行分析,方法采用火焰原子分光光度计测定土壤中的重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、Ni。结果农田土壤在不同深度土层的重金属Cr、Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn含量分布规律均为0~20 cm土层20~40 cm土层40~60 cm土层,即在土壤表层聚集。结论棉田土壤的Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn的含量均高于小麦土壤,且Cd含量略高于土壤背景值。     

湘潭市土壤重金属地球化学特征的统计分析

运用相关性分析、聚类分析、因子分析及直方图分析对湘潭市土壤重金属地球化学特征进行了研究。结果表明：（1）As、Cd、Cu、zn与pH值呈显著正相关;As与Cd、Cu、Ph、zn呈显著正相关;Cd与As、Cu、Pb呈显著正相关;Cu与As、Cd、Pb、Zn呈显著正相关;Pb与As、Cu、zn呈显著正相关;Zn与As、Cd、Cu、Pb呈显著正相关;Hg与其他重金属及pH值不具有显著相关关系。（2）本区重金属分为两类,即Cr、pH、As、Zn、Cu、Cd;Hg、Pb。（3）区内重金属存在3种主要元素组合即As—Cd—Cu—Pb—Zn—pH;Cr—Hg;Cd—pH;（4）区内重金属As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Zn服从正态分布。（5）通过前人对湘潭市土壤重金属进行生态地球化学评价可知,区内Cd、Hg属重污染,从统计分析结果来看,Cd随着本区pH值变化而变化,并与As、Cu、Pb相关性显著;而Hg与pH值及其它重金属之间没有必然联系。     

绵阳某河流生活污水区土壤中重金属污染及其生态风险评价

本文研究了绵阳某河流生活污水区土壤的5种重金属污染状况,并采用单项污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对土壤重金属的污染进行了分析和评价。结果表明,研究区周围土壤中Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn和Hg含量的平均值分别为38.6、58.00、78.06、149.5和1.28 mg·kg~(-1),所有元素累积超标率都为100%。土壤中各元素含量分布变化幅度较小。单项污染指数表明研究区5种重金属元素都存在一定程度的污染,污染程度顺序为:Hg(2.67)Cu(2.56)Zn(2.01)Pb(1.48)Cr(1.28)。Pb和Cr处于轻度污染水平,Cu、Zn和Hg已处于中度污染水平。5种重金属的综合污染指数P综合=2.41,总体上该区域土壤已达到中度污染等级。5种重金属污染的潜在生态危害由强至弱依次为:HgCuPbCrZn,除Hg处于强风险等级外,其余Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn 4种元素均处于低风险等级,研究区域的潜在生态风险主要由Hg引起。潜在生态风险指数RI为131.57,总体处于低风险等级。     

公路边芋艿基地土壤重金属含量的调查与评价

选择公路附近连片种植芋艿的路段,按距离路基远近不同布设土壤采样点15个,其中距离路基50m以外采样点9个、50m以内采样点6个,在室内试验的基础上,对路旁土壤重金属Pb、Cd、Hg、Cu、Zn、Cu的空间分布特征与污染状况进行了研究。结果表明,公路两侧50m范围内的土壤Cd、As、Hg、Cr、Cu、Pb平均含量比50m范围外高262．7％、47．8％、305．4％、64．7％、60．2％和158．9％。且距离公路越近土壤受到污染越明显,距离公路50m以外各监测点综合污染指数在0．180～0．367范围内,属清洁水平,适合无公害芋艿的生产;而距离公路50m以内的各监测点综合污染指数在0．492—0．736范围内,33．3％土壤的重金属污染达警戒水平（2级）,不适合无公害芋艿的生产。     

某冶炼厂周边土壤重金属污染评价分析及源解析研究

有色金属矿产资源采选冶活动造成的土壤重金属污染已成为严重的环境问题。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法和光谱法测定某冶炼厂周边不同区域内土壤中重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Ni、Cr、Cd、Hg元素含量,采用Kriging空间插值方法对重金属空间分布特征进行分析,采用内梅罗指数法对其污染状况进行评价,采用多元统计分析对重金属元素的污染源进行分析。结果表明,研究区土壤采样点80%处于污染状态,且以重度污染为主,污染比较严重的区域受风向影响在冶炼厂的西部和南部方向,污染严重的重金属元素为Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn和As,土壤中各重金属元素的污染源除来自于冶炼厂外,Zn-Cd-PbCu-As、Ni-Cr、Hg分别还受到机动车辆排放、自然因素、燃煤及农药使用的影响。     

冶炼厂烟囱降尘农田土壤重金属含量及潜在生态风险评价

摘要：为了研究冶炼厂下风向烟囱降尘对农田土壤重金属污染影响程度,以济源市某一冶炼厂工业烟囱下风向降尘覆盖农田土壤为研究对象,依次对距离该厂烟囱大约为750m-3000m的7个农田研究区（P1-P7）土壤中重金属（Hg、As、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、）含量进行污染状况分析,采用了单项潜在生态风险指数法和综合潜在生态风险指数法对冶炼厂下风向烟囱降尘土壤中重金属的潜在生态风险进行评价。结果表明：在3 km2研究区域范围内,距离冶炼厂越近土壤重金属含量越高,Pb、Cd为重度污染,超过了《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》（GB15618-2018）农用地土壤污染风险管制值的1.2倍,距离冶炼厂烟囱下风向P1区土壤中重金属As、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn超过土壤环境质量农用地土壤风险筛选值,Cd 在浓度值均超过农用土壤污染风险管制值1.8倍,As元素平均浓度值超农用土壤污染风险管制值1.7倍,Pb、Cu和Zn污染较严重,Cd、Hg对综合指数（RI）贡献值较大分别为68.63和22.4。单项潜在生态风险指数评价结果显示Cd存在极严重的潜在生态风险,Pb、Cu存在较严重潜在生态风险,冶炼厂下风向土壤中综合潜在生态风险指数评价显示,冶炼厂下风向降尘土壤重金属具有较强的生态风险。     

A review of heavy metal contaminations in urban soils, urban road dusts and agricultural soils from China

This paper reviews quite a few heavy metal contamination related studies in several cities from China over the past 10 years. The concentrations, sources, contamination levels, sample collection and analytical tools of heavy metals in urban soils, urban road dusts and agricultural soils were widely compared and discussed in this study. The results indicate that nearly all the concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Hg and Cd are higher than their background values of soil in China. Among the cities, the contamination levels of the heavy metals vary in a large range. The geoaccumulation index shows that the contamination of Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd is widespread in urban soils and urban road dusts of the cities. Generally, the contamination levels of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd are higher than that of Ni and Cr. Agricultural soils are also significantly influenced by Cd, Hg and Pb derived from anthropogenic activities. The integrated pollution index (IPI) indicates that the urban soils and urban road dusts of the developed cities and the industrial cities have higher contamination levels of the heavy metals. The comparison of the IPIs of heavy metals in urban soils and urban road dusts of Shanghai, Hangzhou, Guangzhou and Hongkong reveals that the contamination levels of the metals in urban road dusts are higher than that in urban soils in the cities. Moreover, the main sources of the metals in urban soils, urban road dusts and agricultural soils are also different.     

Spatial distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in urban road dusts from Urumqi, NW China

This study reports the spatial distribution pattern and degree of heavy metal pollution (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn, Be, Co, Zn and U) in 169 urban road dust samples from urban area of Urumqi city. The spatial distribution pattern shows that Cu, Pb, Cr and Zn have similar patterns of spatial distribution. Their hot-spot areas were mainly associated with main roads where high traffic density was identified. Ni and Mn show similar spatial distributions coinciding with the industrial areas, while the spatial distribution patterns of Co and U show hot-spot areas were mainly located in the sides of the urban area where the road dust was significantly influenced by natural soils. The spatial distributions of Be and Cd were very different from other metals. The geo-accumulation index suggests that road dust in Urumqi city was uncontaminated to moderately contaminated with Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn, Be, Zn and U. The integrated pollution index shows IPIs of all road dust samples were higher than 1, suggesting that the road dust quality of Urumqi city has clearly been polluted by anthropogenic emission of heavy metals. Moreover, the spatial distribution pattern of IPIs also shows several distribution trends in the studied region.     

Spatial distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in urban road dusts from Urumqi,NW China

This study reports the spatial distribution pattern and degree of heavy metal pollution (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn, Be, Co, Zn and U) in 169 urban road dust samples from urban area of Urumqi city. The spatial distribution pattern shows that Cu, Pb, Cr and Zn have similar patterns of spatial distribution. Their hot-spot areas were mainly associated with main roads where high traffic density was identified. Ni and Mn show similar spatial distributions coinciding with the industrial areas, while the spatial distribution patterns of Co and U show hot-spot areas were mainly located in the sides of the urban area where the road dust was significantly influenced by natural soils. The spatial distributions of Be and Cd were very different from other metals. The geo-accumulation index suggests that road dust in Urumqi city was uncontaminated to moderately contaminated with Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn, Be, Zn and U. The integrated pollution index shows IPIs of all road dust samples were higher than 1, suggesting that the road dust quality of Urumqi city has clearly been polluted by anthropogenic emission of heavy metals. Moreover, the spatial distribution pattern of IPIs also shows several distribution trends in the studied region.     

成都市农业土壤重金属污染特征初步研究

对成都市农业土壤中七种重金属元素Pb、Hg、Cr、As、Cu、Zn和Cd进行了测定和研究,并进行了潜在生态风险评价。结果表明,成都市农业土壤重金属元素含量分别为:Pb 77.27mg/kg,Hg 0.31 mg/kg,Cr 59.50 mg/kg,As 11.27 mg/kg,Cu 42.52 mg/kg,Zn 227.00 mg/kg,Cd0.36 mg/kg;重金属潜在的生态危害因子表明,Hg和Cd达到中等生态危害程度,Pb、As、Cu、Zn、Cr达到轻微生态危害;多种重金属的生态系统的潜在生态风险指数(RI)表明,成都市农业土壤生态危害级别为中等生态危害。     

贵阳污灌区菜地土壤团聚体中有机碳和重金属的含量特征及相关性分析

以贵阳某污灌区菜地土壤为研究对象,分别采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法和水合热重铬酸钾氧化分光光度法分析不同粒径土壤团聚体中重金属和有机碳的含量特征,并对有机碳和重金属的相关性进行分析。结果表明,以2mm粒径团聚体的含量为最高,约占75%。Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb在0.25～0.5mm粒径团聚体中含量最高,Cr在5～8mm粒径团聚体中含量最高,As在不同粒径团聚体中的含量变化不大,重金属含量随土层深度增大而减小。土壤重金属富集因子表现为CuPbCdZnCrAs,Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb在0.25～0.5mm粒径团聚体中分布因子最高,而在5～8mm粒径团聚体中重金属的质量负载因子最大。土壤有机碳含量随团聚体粒径的增大表现为先增大后减小,不同粒径团聚体中Cu、Cd、Pb和As含量与有机碳含量均呈显著正相关(p0.05)。污灌区菜地土壤Cr、As在5～8mm粒径团聚体中富集现象显著,Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb在0.25～0.5mm粒径团聚体中均表现出显著的富集特征。6种重金属在5～8mm粒径团聚体中的质量负载因子均为最高,表明6种重金属在5～8mm粒径团聚体中的贡献最大。     

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Ecological Risk of Roadside Soils in Tlemcen (Algeria) Using Flame-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

In Algeria, few studies have been conducted on the evaluation of roadside soil pollution. A total of 34 soil samples (28 roadside and 6 off-road) was obtained at 0–20?cm depth along the RN 35 national road. Heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) contents were extracted using aqua regia digestion and determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Background values of heavy metal contents were determined using the robust statistical method of median plus two times the median absolute deviation. Single- and multi-element pollution and ecological risk indices were calculated. The results showed that background values were 2.5?±?0.3, 64.9?±?8.1, 28.0?±?4.1, 29371.5?±?4403.0, 32.9?±?4.4, 72.2?±?12.8, and 445.1?±?62.9?mg/kg for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn, respectively. The results were all higher than their corresponding median values. Single-element pollution indices (enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index) showed that the pollution is primarily due to Pb and Zn. Multi-element pollution index (Nemerow index) indicated that only 3% of the soil samples are strongly contaminated, whereas 23% are seriously contaminated. The potential ecological risk index showed that Cd is the most harmful element, followed by Pb and Zn. 65% of the soil samples had moderate potential ecological risk, while only 3% had considerable potential ecological risk. This study may be used as a baseline for future monitoring and as a tool for decision-making regarding environmental protection policies and sustainability of this semiarid agroecosystem.     

杭州西郊茶园土壤重金属的积累特点与来源分析

选择了杭州市西部近郊、远郊和农村等3个受人为不同程度影响的区块,分析了同为第四纪红土母质发育的茶园与附近林地土壤剖面中重金属垂直分布的特点,探讨了茶园土壤重金属的来源。结果表明,相同区块的茶园与附近林地土壤重金属Pb、Cd和Hg剖面分布相似,均随剖面深度下降,表土Pb、Cd和Hg含量随离城市距离增加而下降,说明研究区茶园土壤中重金属Pb、Cd和Hg的积累主要与大气沉降有关;茶园与附近林地土壤重金属Cu和Zn也随剖面深度而下降,但同一区块中茶园表土重金属Cu和Zn含量明显高于附近林地土壤,说明施肥等农业措施对茶园土壤Cu和Zn的积累有较大的影响;茶园土壤中Cu和Zn的积累与地理位置关系不大。茶园土壤中Cr和Co的积累不明显,并有淋失的趋势。     

Uptake,Translocation, and Bioaccumulation of Elements in Forest Nettle (Laportea alatipes)

Elements found in the edible parts of plants are considered to be the main source of nutrients for humans and animals. However, there is insufficient information on the relationship between heavy metal pollution in the growing soil of most edible plants. In this study, the distribution of elements in the edible forest nettle (Laportea alatipes) was evaluated as a function of geographical location. Forest land soils had higher concentrations of minor elements (Cu, Cr, Ni, and Zn) compared to soils from rural and suburban areas. Translocation factors for Cd and Pb showed effective translocation from the roots to the leaves; however, these heavy metals in leaves were still above South African maximum permissible levels for vegetables. Atmospheric depositions may play a significant role in higher Cd and Pb concentrations in the leaves. Bioaccumulation factors showed the plant to accumulate Cu, Mn, and Zn to meet physiological requirement levels. Geoaccumulation indices and enrichment factors showed no soil contamination or minimal enrichment by trace metals. Principal component analysis showed Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn in soil to originate from a common source which may be soil silicates and other minerals.     

Heavy metal contamination of surface soil around Gebze industrial area, Turkey

An increase in heavy metal pollution in the soils of Gebze (Turkey) due to intense industrialization and urbanization has become a serious environmental problem. There are two large organized industrial zones in Gebze; the Gebze Organized Industrial Zone (GOIZ) and the Dilovas? Organized Industrial Zone (DOIZ). The region hosts several industrial facilities which are the main source for hazardous wastes which include paint, plastic, electric, metal, textile, wood, automotive supply industry, food, cosmetics, packing, machinery, and chemicals. Soil samples were collected from these two industrial zones and analyzed for their metal contents. Results of the analysis show that the soils are characterized by high concentrations of Cd, As, Pb, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr and Hg. Since concentrations of other elements do not exceed the permissible levels, they are not evaluated. Concentrations are 0.05-176 mg/kg of Cd, 10-1161 mg/kg of Cr, 7.87-725 mg/kg of Cu, 1.50-65.60 mg/kg of As, 17.07-8469 mg/kg of Pb, 1.96-10,000 mg/kg of Mn, 29.5-10,000 mg/kg of Zn, and 9-2721 μg/kg of Hg. Application of factor, cluster and correlation analysis showed that heavy metal contamination in soils originates from industrial activities and heavy traffic which are of anthropogenic origin. Contaminations in soils were classified as geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, contamination factor, and contamination degree. Integrated pollution index (IPI) values indicate that heavy metal pollution levels of soils collected from industrialization sites are greater than those from distal parts of industrialization. Spreading of hazardous wastes from industrial facilities in the study area via rain or wind is the main source of soil pollution. In addition, traffic-related metal pollution is also observed.