AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 3,2005

Abolhassani，M.D.一:Hejazi，M.;Ah- madian，A.;and Amjadi，A.:Comparison of optieal deteetion system，PVDF deteetion system，and PVDF needle hydroPhone for oPtoacoustie tomograPh扒593 Ahmadian，人.see Abolhassani，M，D.，593 All劝 adi，A.see Abolhassani，M.D.，593 Bai，Ming see Zhang，Douguo，107 Bao，Huanmin see丫V么ng，Yanyong，4; W么ng，Yanyong，6;Jia，Doxlgfang，311 Bao，N.K.see Chen，Zhongyu，319 Bi，Jinzi see Yu，Ting，92 Bian，Jing see Xie，Hongyun，156 Bu，Ydng see …     

AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 4,2006

An，Geng see Liang，Gongying，59 B乙，Peng一;and Liu，Junhua:Mixture gas component eoneentration analysis based on supPort veetor maehine and infrared spee- trum，243 Bai，XiangZhong see Chen，Mingyang，63 Bi，Guojiong see Zhang，Shenjin，658 Bi，Jin活1 s     

ICP—AES法测定锌及其化合物中的杂质元素

采用样品溶解后直接测定及氢氧化钇共沉淀将锌与被测杂质元素分离后测定相结合，研究了锌及其化合物中Ａｇ，Ｃｏ，Ａｌ，Ｎｉ，Ｆｅ，Ｃｕ，Ｃｄ，Ｃｒ，Ｍｎ，Ｉｎ，Ａｓ，Ｐｂ，Ｓｎ，Ｓｂ，Ｂｉ等１５个杂质元素的ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ测定方法，相对标准偏差１．６－８．１％。     

灵武长枣VC含量的高光谱快速检测研究

采用可见-近红外高光谱成像技术结合化学计量学方法检测灵武长枣维生素C(VC)含量，探究一种全新的水果内部成分的快速无损检测方法。采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测得长枣的VC含量化学值，可见-近红外高光谱成像系统采集164个灵武长枣400～1 000 nm的高光谱图像，利用ENVI4.8软件提取图像的感兴趣区域(region of interest，ROI)，计算其平均光谱，获得光谱值，将化学值与光谱值通过The UnsecramblerX 10.4软件建立模型。利用蒙特卡洛交叉验证法剔除异常值，采用光谱理化值共生距离法(sample set partitioning based on joint x-y distance，SPXY)进行样本划分以提高模型的预测性能；对光谱采用移动平滑(moving average)、中值滤波(median filter)、归一化(normalize)、基线校准(baseline)、多元散射校正(multiple scattering correction，MSC)、去趋势(detrending)和标准正态变量变换(standard normal variate，SNV)等7种方法进行预处理；为进一步减少数据量，降低维度，提高运算速度，使用竞争性自适应加权算法(competitive adaptive reweighted sampling，CARS)、无信息变量消除算法(uninformative variable elimination ，UVE)和连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm，SPA)提取特征波长，以期实现以少数波段代替全波段；将全波段光谱(full spectrum，FS)以及CARS, UVE和SPA三种方法提取的特征波长分别建立偏最小二乘(partial least squares wavelength regression，PLSR)和支持向量机(support vector machine，SVM)模型，从而确定最优的建模模型。利用蒙特卡洛交叉验证法共剔除7个异常样本，采用SPXY法将剔除异常样本后的157个数据区分为校正集和预测集，校正集中样本个数为117，预测集中样本个数为40。将未经光谱预处理的建模结果与分别经过七种光谱预处理的建模结果相比，选择未经光谱预处理的数据进行后续分析；将未经光谱预处理的光谱值采用CARS，UVE，SPA方法进行提取特征波长，CARS共优选出406，415，487，631，636，655，660，665，670，684，689，694，723，732，747和881 nm下的光谱变量16个，利用CARS提取出的特征波长占总波长的12.8%；UVE共优选出406，415，627，631，636，651，655，660，665，670，675，679，684，689，694，699，703，708，742，747，751，756，761，766，771，775，780，785，790，795，919和924 nm下的32个特征波长，利用UVE提取出的特征波长占总波长的25.6%；SPA共优选出401，665，684 nm三个特征波长，利用SPA提取出的特征波长占总波长的2.4%。将全波段光谱与提取出的特征波长建立PLSR模型和SVM模型，对比模型结果显示UVE-SVM模型最优，其R2_c为0.847 1，R2_p为0.714 9，说明UVE有效地对光谱进行降维，简化了数据处理过程。本研究对高光谱成像技术在水果领域的应用进行了有益探索，探究了一种全新的灵武长枣VC含量的无损检测方法，相应建立的可见-近红外高光谱模型为其他水果成分的快速检测提供了理论基础。     

非碳纳米管研究的新进展

文章系统地论述了非碳纳米管的制备，较详尽地介绍了多种非碳纳米管制备最新的进展，包括硫化物、氮化物、氧化物等等，特别重点地总结了非碳纳米管前沿材料，例如WS2，Bi2S，，ZnS，GaN，BN，AlN，InP，Eu2O3，，V2O3等．最后对非碳纳米管的研究趋势作了展望．     

循环流化床热电气三联产装置研究

循环流化床热电气三联产装置研究岑可法，方梦祥，骆仲泱，李绚天，陈飞，王勤辉，陈冠益，倪明江（浙江大学热能工程研究所杭州３１００２７）关键词循环流化床，气化，煤气蒸汽联产１前言在近几年来，我国能源仍主要以煤炭为主，而目前煤炭的绝大部分作为燃料直接燃用，...     

σ^＊和Ф介子对有限温度中子星物质的影响

考虑到矿，中介子的贡献及重子八重态{n，p，∧，∑^-，∑^0，∑^＋，≡^-，≡^0}，采用相对论平均场方法，在5—25MeV的有限温度范围内，对中子星物质的性质进行了研究．发现当考虑到σ^＊，Ф介子的贡献后，超子出现的临界密度降低了（但对∧超子，影响并不显著），超子的粒子数密度增加了，在能量密度较高时物态方程变软，中子星的最大质量变小而相应的半径增大，中子星的中心粒子数密度、中心能量密度和中心压强都降低了．当温度为较低的T=5MeV，10MeV时，σ^＊，Ф介子的参与使出现∑^0，≡^0，∑^＋超子的临界密度极大地降低了；但当温度为较高的T=15MeV，20MeV，25MeV时，影响则较小．对于∧，∑^-，≡^-超子来说，在上述所有温度下，矿，中介子对超子出现的临界密度的影响都不明显．     

ICP-AES法同时测定茶叶中的锌、铁、锰、铜、镍、镁

研究了用硝酸＋硫酸＋高氯酸消解样品，用ICP－AES法同时测定茶叶中锌，铁，锰，铜，镍，镁的新方法，在选定的最佳条件下，测锌，铁，锰，铜，镍，镁的检出限分别为4．2，7.8,0.4,7.3,7.6,4.8ng.mL^-1，回收率为94．7％－104．2％，RSD为0．3％－4．7％，该法准确，快速，简便，适用于茶叶样品的测定，结果令人满意。     

提高教师业务能力搞好物理实验课教学

当前，对物理实验课缺乏正确认识，师资结构不合理，素质较差，资金不足等问题，严重影响实验课教学质量．针对以上问题，采取提高认识，按教师特长安排教学任务，调动教辅人员积极性，加强横向联合等教改措施，取得了较好效果。     

对感应起电机特殊故障的修理一例

感应起电机的主要部件起电盘，是由适当形状的金属箔均匀地粘贴在有机玻璃圆盘上而成，莱顿瓶也是由金属箔粘贴在玻璃瓶的内、外表面后，加装电极而成．但有的生产厂家，为降低成本，用导电性能极差的们状物取代金属箔，涂敷在有机玻璃上，制成起电盘和莱顿瓶．在刚制成后，因这些糊状物尚未干透，勉强可以导电，凑合着能用，但时间一长，糊状物干透后导电性能急剧下降，甚至一点也不能导电，实验时，无论你如何操作，起电机也不会起电．我们实验室的几台起电机，均属这种故障，表面看来，均为正常，电路连接也无错误，这给修理带来一定难度…     

Fractional nonlinear diffusion equation and first passage time

We investigate the solutions and the first passage time for anomalous diffusion processes governed by the fractional nonlinear diffusion equation with a space- and time-dependent diffusion coefficient subject to absorbing boundaries and the initial condition. We obtain explicit analytical expression for the probability distribution, the first passage time distribution, the mean first passage time, and the mean squared displacement corresponding to different time-dependent diffusion coefficient. In addition, we compare our results for the first passage time distribution and the mean first passage time with the one obtained by usual linear diffusion equation with time-dependent diffusion coefficient.     

核磁共振水分子扩散张量成像中基于广义Fibonacci数列的扩散敏感梯度磁场方向分布方案

为了准确得到人体内水分子各向异性扩散信息,在核磁共振扩散张量成像及高角分辨率扩散成像实验中,需要在众多空间均匀分布的方向上依次施加扩散敏感梯度磁场,测量水分子在不同方向上的扩散系数.目前方向分布方案的缺点有方向数目不连续、均匀性有待提高及部分方向数据的损坏会影响整个数据集等.本文以广义Fibonacci数列为基础,提出新的可以产生连续方向数目的扩散敏感梯度磁场方向分布方案,整个方案的方向均匀性较好,数据集内的部分数据仍然具有很好的空间均匀性,而且本方案中相邻两个扩散敏感梯度磁场方向接近相反,可以减小快速变化的高强度梯度磁场产生的涡流对结果的影响.     

磁共振扩散张量成像中扩散敏感梯度磁场方向分布方案的研究进展

磁共振扩散张量成像可以定量无创研究人体内水分子在三维空间中的各向异性扩散规律,进而获取重要的病理及生理信息.为了得到水分子各向异性扩散信息,需要按照一定的方案依次施加不同方向的扩散敏感梯度磁场,测量水分子在这些方向上的扩散系数用以估算扩散张量.扩散张量成像测量结果的准确程度受梯度磁场方向分布方案的影响,本文对扩散敏感梯度磁场方向分布方案进行综述,包括完全随机方案、启发式方案、规则多面体式方案和数值优化方案等,分析这些方案的优势与局限性,并提出需进一步研究的问题.     

Chapman-Enskog velocity distribution for tracer diffusion

The Chapman-Enskog method is used to obtain an approximate velocity distribution function for tracer diffusion in dilute hard-sphere mixtures. Different ratios of the mass of the tracer to that of the excess component (including the well-known limiting cases of the Lorentz and the Rayleigh models) are considered and the corresponding diffusion coefficients are also evaluated. A comparison with the recent results of Tompson and Loyalka for both the diffusion coefficients and the distribution functions provides a perspective on the usefulness and nature of the approximate method.     

Accurate measurement of translational diffusion coefficients: a practical method to account for nonlinear gradients

For NMR probes equipped with pulsed field gradient coils, which are not optimized for gradient linearity, the precision and accuracy of experimentally measured translational diffusion coefficients are limited by the linearity of the gradient pulses over the sample volume. This study shows that the accuracy and precision of measured diffusion coefficients by the Stejskal--Tanner spin-echo pulsed field gradient experiment can be significantly improved by mapping the gradient z-profile and by using the mapped calibration parameters in the data analysis. For practical applications the gradient distribution may be approximated by a truncated linear distribution defined by minimum and maximum values of the gradient. By including the truncated linear gradient distribution function in the Stejskal--Tanner equation, the systematic deviation between the fitted curve and the experimental attenuation curve decreases by an order of magnitude. The gradient distribution may be calibrated using an intense NMR signal from a sample with a known diffusion coefficient. The diffusion coefficient of an unknown sample may then be determined from a two-parameter fit, using the known gradient distribution function.     

Acetylene diffusion in Na-Y zeolite

Study of diffusivity of acetylene adsorbed in Na-Y zeolite by quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) measurements at temperatures of 300, 325 and 350 K is reported. A model in which the acetylene molecules undergo random-walk diffusion characterized by a Gaussian distribution of jump lengths inside zeolite cages describes the data consistently. The diffusion constant, residence time between jumps and root mean square jump length are determined.     

Joint diffusion on the line

For a one-dimensional system of particles with elastic collisions the trajectories of distinct particles are considered in the diffusion limit. If the initial distance of two particles increases in an appropriate way, then in the diffusion limit the joint distribution of the trajectories converges to a limit.     

Surface diffusion of k-mers in one-dimensional systems

The surface diffusion of interacting k-mers is studied both through analytical and Monte Carlo simulation methods in one-dimensional systems. Adsorption isotherms, jump diffusion coefficients and collective diffusion coefficients are obtained for attractive and repulsive k-mers, showing a variety of behaviors as a function of the size of particles, k. The following main results are found: (a) diffusion coefficients increase with k for non-interacting particles; (b) for fixed k, diffusion coefficients increase as the interaction energy increases from negative (attractive) to positive (repulsive) values; (c) for attractive interactions diffusion coefficients increase with k in the whole range of coverage; (d) for repulsive interactions diffusion coefficients decrease with k up to moderately high coverage and increase with k at high coverage. Results are rationalized in terms of the behavior of the vacancy probability distribution.     

The Harrison diffusion kinetics regimes in solute grain boundary diffusion

Knowledge of the limits of the principal Harrison kinetics regimes (Types A, B and C) for grain boundary diffusion is very important for the correct analysis of depth profiles in a tracer diffusion experiment. These regimes for self‐diffusion have been extensively studied in the past by making use of the phenomenological lattice Monte Carlo (LMC) method with the result that the limits are now well established. However, the relationship of these self‐diffusion limits to the corresponding ones for solute diffusion in the presence of solute segregation to the grain boundaries remains unclear. In the present study, the influence of solute segregation on the limits was investigated with the LMC method for the well‐known parallel grain boundary slab model by showing the equivalence of two diffusion models. It is shown which diffusion parameters are useful for identifying the limits of the Harrison kinetics regimes for solute grain boundary diffusion. It is also shown how the measured segregation factor from the diffusion experiment in the Harrison Type‐B kinetics regime may differ from the global segregation factor.     

Effect of different analyte diffusion/adsorption protocols on SERS signals

The effect of different analyte diffusion/adsorption protocols was studied which is often overlooked in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique. Three protocols: highly concentrated dilution (HCD) protocol, half–half dilution (HHD) protocol and layered adsorption (LA) protocol were studied and the SERS substrates were monolayer films of 80 nm Ag nanoparticles (NPs) which were modified by polyvinylpyrrolidone. The diffusion/adsorption mechanisms were modelled using the diffusion equation and the electromagnetic field distribution of two adjacent Ag NPs was simulated by the finite-different time-domain method. All experimental data and theoretical analysis suggest that different diffusion/adsorption behaviour of analytes will cause different SERS signal enhancements. HHD protocol could produce the most uniform and reproducible samples, and the corresponding signal intensity of the analyte is the strongest. This study will help to understand and promote the use of SERS technique in quantitative analysis.