离焦量对空气中激光诱导铜等离子体光谱特性的影响

利用Nd: YAG脉冲激光在空气中烧蚀金属Cu靶,获得等离子体光谱;采用改变离焦量的方法,研究了离焦量的变化对谱线结构及谱线强度的影响;分析了离焦量分别为1mm、0mm和-2mm时,沿靶面法线方向不同空间距离处电子温度的演化规律;并对等离子体光谱的特性和产生机制进行了讨论. 结果表明,谱线结构、谱线强度和等离子体的电子温度都与离焦量的变化密切相关,聚焦点在-2mm处CuⅠ谱线相对强度出现峰值,电子温度数值最大;聚焦点在-0.5mm和-1.0mm附近谱线相对强度遽然降低的现象是由于等离子体的屏蔽效应造成的.     

三乙基铟中杂质元素的ICP─AES测定

研究了基体铟对１５种杂质分析元素谱线的背景影响和光谱谱线干扰，采用基体匹配－电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定了三乙基铟中的１５种杂质元素。样品分析方法的检出限大部分低于１μｇ／ｇ，相对标准偏差均小于２％。     

HL-1装置等离子体可见光谱实验

本文给出了HL-1装置等离子体光谱杂质分析,测量了清洗放电时电子温度随环电流的变化关系,根据积分光谱估计了放电时等离子体的离子温度,得到了放电时CV2270.91A线的马鞍形波形。     

三乙基铟中杂质元素的ICP—AES测定

研究了基体铟对１５种杂质分析元素谱线的背景影响和光谱谱线干扰。采用基体匹配－电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定了三乙基铟中的１５种杂质元素。样品分析方法检出限大部分低于１μｇ／ｇ，相对标准偏差均小于２％。     

EAST边界和芯部杂质谱线的时间延迟研究

边界杂质注入是未来聚变装置ITER用于增强边界辐射,减少第一壁热负荷的一种重要方法。但部分注入的杂质会被输运到芯部,造成主等离子体辐射损失以及约束下降。光谱观测可以获取杂质种类、含量和分布等信息,在理解等离子体中杂质输运方面起着重要作用。在EAST(experimental advanced superconducting tokamak)偏滤器氩气(Ar)注入实验中,利用偏滤器可见光谱和芯部极紫外光谱监测边界的Ar¹⁺离子谱线ArⅡ(401.36 nm)和芯部的Ar¹⁵⁺离子谱线ArⅩⅥ(35.39 nm),并获得两者强度随时间的变化。其中,ArⅡ和ArⅩⅥ的电离能分别为27和918 eV,因此,ArⅡ和ArⅩⅥ分别对应分布于等离子体边界和芯部Ar离子。为了分析二者谱线强度随时间变化的特征,发展了一种基于正则Pearson积矩相关系数的相关分析方法,计算得到两者谱线强度变化的相对延迟时间,以此表征杂质从边界向芯部输运的时间。结果显示,偏滤器注入Ar杂质后,芯部ArⅩⅥ辐射增长滞后于边界ArⅡ辐射的增长,并且在具有较高的低杂波加热功率的放电中...     

极紫外波段Ar光谱分析在EAST偏滤器杂质屏蔽效应研究中的应用

在托卡马克偏滤器区域充入杂质气体是检验偏滤器杂质屏蔽效应的重要手段。利用快速极紫外EUV光谱仪对EAST托克马克装置上开展的偏滤器Ar杂质注入实验进行观测。结合NIST原子光谱数据库对2～50 nm范围内不同电离态Ar的线光谱进行了谱线识别,识别出Ar Ⅳ,Ar Ⅸ-Ⅺ,Ar ⅩⅣ-ⅩⅥ等若干个电离态的谱线。为了同时观测等离子体不同区域的Ar杂质行为,在杂质注入实验时重点监测Ar ⅩⅥ35.39 nm(Ar ⅩⅥ电离能918.4 eV,主要分布在等离子体芯部)和Ar Ⅳ44.22 nm(Ar Ⅳ电离能9.6 eV,主要分布在等离子体边界)这两条谱线。利用该两条谱线强度随时间演化的结果初步分析了偏滤器杂质屏蔽效应。在同一充气口不同等离子体位形下的实验结果表明偏滤器对于从偏滤器区域注入Ar杂质的屏蔽效果优于从主等离子体区域注入,并且下偏滤器及内冷泵的综合粒子排除能力优于上偏滤器。     

CT-6B托卡马克等离子体的真空紫外光谱

用一米掠入射真空紫外光谱仪拍摄了CT-6B托卡马克等离子体的杂质光谱,波长区为1580—550?和460—43?。观察到限制器材料钼的谱线MoⅧ234.314?,235.510?和237.215?,以及低Z杂质C,N,O的谱线。它们的最高电离阶分别为MoⅧ,OⅦ,CⅣ和NⅤ。在这些杂质光谱中,OⅤ和OⅥ谱线出现得多而且强,说明氧是CT-6B等离子体的主要杂质,它的线辐射在CT-6B辐射损失中占主要部分。观察到的最短波长为OⅦ 21.6020?和21.804?的二级谱。由MoⅧ和OⅦ谱线的出现可以估计出CT-6B等离子体平均电子温度约为140eV。在所观察波长区内,未发现真空室壁材料Fe,Ni,Cr,Ti等杂质的谱线。 关键词：     

碳纤维复合材料的激光清洗等离子体光谱在线检测研究

近年来碳纤维复合材料（CFRP）由于性能优异,受到工业领域广泛关注。采用激光清洗技术预处理碳纤维复合材料表面的污染物和环氧树脂等杂质,有利于改善碳纤维复合材料表面性能,提高碳纤维复合材料胶接界面的结合强度。在线检测激光清洗过程,实时判断碳纤维复合材料的表面清洗质量,是保证激光清洗效果的关键环节,也是激光清洗装置自动化、集成化的核心技术。激光诱导等离子体光谱技术可以快速分析材料表面元素变化,实现在线检测激光清洗表面状态,在激光清洗领域有很广的应用前景。采用Nd∶YAG高能量脉冲激光器产生的1 064 nm激光在空气环境中诱导产生等离子体,利用改进型光栅光谱仪(ME5000)获取等离子体光谱,在线检测激光清洗碳纤维复合材料。研究外界空气环境对等离子体光谱检测结果的影响,发现350~700 nm波段的元素谱线可用于碳纤维复合材料表面物质成分分析;采用电子扫描显微镜观测的激光清洗表面形貌和X射线电子能谱仪测得的元素变化共同表征等离子体光谱检测的有效性,通过采集不同激光能量以及不同作用次数的等离子体光谱图,获得碳纤维复合材料表层树脂物质通过激光单次清洗干净的阈值,研究激光清洗质量与激光诱导等离子体谱线成分及其强度变化的关系。结果表明：在获取的激光诱导等离子体光谱中,光谱图中谱线波长在393.3 nm的S(Ⅱ)和589.5 nm的S(Ⅱ)谱线可有效在线表征碳纤维复合材料表面清洗质量;激光单次去除干净表面环氧树脂的阈值为10.68 mJ;低激光能量时需要清洗多次可以去除干净表面树脂;高激光能量时清洗单次可使表面树脂去除干净,多次清洗易造成基体损伤。实验结果为激光清洗碳纤维复合材料的智能集成化应用提供工艺依据和技术支持。     

HL-1装置掠入射真空紫外杂质谱线观测

本文叙述用掠入射谱仪在HL-1装置上所做的真空紫外光谱测量。根据杂质谱线的相对强度变化,说明可动石墨孔栏和蒸钛技术对控制等离子体杂质有一定效果。通过分析谱线、软X射线和m=2模式信号扰动之间的关系,指出杂质对等离子体不稳定性的影响。     

激光聚焦位置对半球腔约束等离子体光谱增强特性的影响

光谱信号增强是提高激光诱导击穿光谱技术分析性能的重要手段之一,对等离子体进行空间约束由于装置简单且约束效果好而常被采用,等离子体的特性会直接影响空间约束的效果,而等离子体的特性与实验系统中激光的聚焦情况密切相关,为研究激发光源的聚焦情况对半球形空腔约束等离子体光谱增强特性的影响,通过控制透镜到样品之间的距离(LTSD)来改变激光的聚焦位置,分别在无约束和有半球形空腔约束两种实验条件下,烧蚀合金钢产生等离子体,采集15个不同LTSD位置时等离子体的时间演变光谱,得到谱线强度和增强倍数随着LTSD和采集延时的二维空间分布图。研究结果发现：无约束情况下,谱线强度分别在LTSD为94和102 mm时出现峰值,在采集延时小于8 μs时,谱线强度的最大值在LTSD为94 mm的位置,采集延时大于8 μs后,谱线强度的最大值出现在LTSD为102 mm的位置;当用半球空腔约束等离子体,谱线强度先后在采集延时范围为4~10和12~15 μs出现第一次增强和第二次增强。谱线强度出现第二次增强的主要原因是被半球腔内壁反射的冲击波与等离子体相互作用后会继续向前传播,遇到另一侧的腔壁再次被反射,进而对等离子体产生二次压缩。分析增强倍数随LTSD和采集延时的二维变化关系发现,第一次增强的最大增强倍数随LTSD的变化没有明显规律,增强倍数在2~6之间波动;谱线第二次增强时的增强倍数相对较高,最大增强倍数随着LTSD变化呈现出先增大再减小,然后再小幅增加后降低的变化规律,在LTSD为96 mm时达到最大值,两条谱线的最大增强倍数约为6倍。分析出现最大增强倍数对应的延迟时间发现,第一次增强出现的最优延迟时间在6~9 μs之间变化,当LTSD在85~93 mm范围时,最优延迟时间保持不变,当LTSD在94~105 mm时,出现先降低再增大的变化规律;第二次增强出现的延迟时间主要在14~15 μs,随着LTSD的变化没有明显的变化规律。     

Comparison research on the laser plasma spectra with and without obvious self-absorption

Characteristics of laser produced Pb plasma were investigated using the spectrograph and the fast photography by an intensified charge coupled device (ICCD) camera. The optical emission spectra and images of the plasma were recorded and analyzed. The clear self-reversed structure can be revealed in the emission spectra of the lead plasma when the target is at 6 mm before the focus of lens. However, the self- absorption can not be observed in the spectra if the target is located at the focus. The electron temperature, the electron number density and the lower level atomic number density were obtained by fitting the experimental spectra at different delay times under the two circumstances. The electron number density and the lower level atomic number density are higher, as the target is at 6 mm before the focus of lens, however the electron temperature is lower as the target is located at the focus, under the same laser energy.     

激光诱导的钛酸钡等离子体的时间分辨光谱

利用光学多通道分析仪（ＯＭＡⅢ）研究脉冲激光沉积钛酸钡薄膜过程中的激光诱导等离子体的时间分辨发射光谱，利用各种粒子不同时刻发射的谱线强度描绘成该粒子的飞行时间谱，表征了等离子体中该粒子的空间浓度分布，根据飞行时间谱的特征，推算了粒子束脉冲（等离子体）的空间宽度及其与缓冲气体压力的关系，提出了在激光沉积多元氧化物薄膜过程中的合适的缓冲气体压力范围，解释了激光原位沉积高温超导薄膜中所需氧气分压达３０Ｐ     

激光等离子体的受激Brillouin散射

研究了激光等离子体背向和侧向受激Brillouin散射光谱结构。激光等离子体相互作用时,受激Brillouin散射光谱受激光等离子体状态的影响而产生Doppler效应。当激光以45° 入射不同材料的平面靶时,等离子体运动产生不同的二维效应,高Z材料产生的等离子体冕区主要沿靶法向运动,受激Brillouin散射光谱在侧向产生较大蓝移,而低Z材料则主要在激光入射方向产生较大蓝移。     

Density and Temperature Profile Measurement on a Transferred Arc Plasma Using CW Laser Scattering

The electron density and temperature profile of a high-density (1023-m-3, 1.2-eV) transferred arc plasma are obtained with a CW laser scattering technique. Coherent synchronous detection is used to measure the collective scattered light spectra at the thermal level. Local plasma parameters are then inferred from the spectra using the BGK theory modified to account simultaneously for ion-ion as well as ion-neutral collisions in the same model. Those two collisional regimes are clearly identified in the plasma torch. The ability of the model to handle mixed collisional regimes allows a straightforward determination of the local density and temperature independently of position and current level.     

激光等离子体的受激Brillouin散射

 研究了激光等离子体背向和侧向受激Brillouin散射光谱结构。激光等离子体相互作用时,受激Brillouin散射光谱受激光等离子体状态的影响而产生Doppler效应。当激光以45° 入射不同材料的平面靶时,等离子体运动产生不同的二维效应,高Z材料产生的等离子体冕区主要沿靶法向运动,受激Brillouin散射光谱在侧向产生较大蓝移,而低Z材料则主要在激光入射方向产生较大蓝移。     

Comparative Mössbauer study of the oxidation of pyrite under different conditions

Samples of pyrite-rich brown coal from As Pontes and Meirama coalfields (Spain) were oxidized either by air at atmospheric pressure or by a cool oxygen plasma generated by radiofrequency activation. Despite the very different nature and characteristics of the oxidizing media, in both cases the RT Mössbauer spectra were easily fitted to two doublets, whose parameters matched those of pyrite and jarosite (hydrated iron (III) sulphate). The extent of pyrite oxidation to jarosite was monitored by the relative spectral areas of pyrite and jarosite doublets. Both, air and plasma, oxidized pyrite to the same extent and in a similar way, in contrast to coal organic matter, which was scarcely modified by air but completely oxidized by the plasma at the same temperature (ca. 423 K). The incomplete oxidation of pyrite by plasma is attributed to the action of a thin calcium sulphate layer which hinders the access of activated oxygen to small pyrite crystals.     

On the far IR transmission spectra of high-Tc superconductors

After several years, the Far IR (FIR) results from several laboratories seem to converge. The very FIR transmission data at different temperatures in the normal phase, combined with dc resistivity measurements, lead to a constant plasma frequency in that phase, and a linear variation of collision frequency v_c versus temperature T. Approximately the same plasma frequency can be used to explain the FIR transmission spectra at 7 K from 20 to 200 cm^–1. These remarks obtained from purely FIR data are in good accordance with the recent conclusions of Fiory et al obtained by a quite different method, i.e. electrostatic measurements.     

发射光谱研究大气压等离子体射流的气体温度

采用介质阻挡放电等离子体喷枪装置,在大气压下流动氩气中产生了射流等离子体。利用光电倍增管,对射流等离子体进行了时空分辨测量,分析了等离子体喷枪内介质阻挡放电和外部等离子体羽的放电特性。利用高分辨率光谱仪采集等离子体羽处的发射光谱,通过对发射光谱中OH(A2Σ+→X2Π,307.7～308.9nm)及N2+的第一负系(B2Σ+u→X2Π+g,390～391.6nm)谱线拟合得到了射流等离子体的转动温度,拟合得到的转动温度分别为443和450K。在5%的误差范围内,这2种方法得到的结果是一致的。由于在大气压下,转动温度近似等于产生气体放电的气体温度,所以可以确定大气压射流等离子体气体温度。利用该方法研究了不同电压下的气体温度,发现气体温度随着外加电压增加而增大。     

A fast method to diagnose phase transition from amorphous to microcrystalline silicon

A series of hydrogenated silicon thin films were prepared by the radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method (RF-PECVD) with various silane concentrations. The influence of silane concentration on structural and electrical characteristics of these films was investigated to study the phase transition region from amorphous to microcrystalline phase. At the same time, optical emission spectra (OES) from the plasma during the deposition process were monitored to get information about the plasma properties, Raman spectra were measured to study the structural characteristics of the deposited films. The combinatorial analysis of OES and Raman spectra results demonstrated that the OES can be used as a fast method to diagnose phase transition from amorphous to microcrystalline silicon. At last the physical mechanism, why both OES and Raman can be used to diagnose the phase transition, was analyzed theoretically.