表面活性剂对共轭聚合物荧光性质及电荷转移的影响

探讨了表面活性剂存在下, 水溶性阴离子共轭聚合物聚[5-甲氧基-2-(3-磺酰化丙氧基)-1,4-苯撑乙烯](简写为MPS-PPV)的微环境变化对荧光性质及电荷转移的影响. 结果表明, 阳离子表面活性剂及非离子表面活性剂使MPS-PPV荧光增强, 阴离子表面活性剂使其荧光先增强后减弱; 在MPS-PPV/表面活性剂体系中加入电子接受体Pd^2＋, 发现非离子表面活性剂体系的荧光猝灭效率提高, 阴离子及阳离子表面活性剂体系荧光猝灭效率下降. 此研究对研制基于阴离子共聚物的新型生物化学传感器具有一定的指导意义.     

表面活性剂对共轭聚合物荧光性质及电荷转移的影响

探讨了表面活性剂存在下, 水溶性阴离子共轭聚合物聚[5-甲氧基-2-(3-磺酰化丙氧基)-1,4-苯撑乙烯](简写为MPS-PPV)的微环境变化对荧光性质及电荷转移的影响. 结果表明, 阳离子表面活性剂及非离子表面活性剂使MPS-PPV荧光增强, 阴离子表面活性剂使其荧光先增强后减弱; 在MPS-PPV/表面活性剂体系中加入电子接受体Pd^2＋, 发现非离子表面活性剂体系的荧光猝灭效率提高, 阴离子及阳离子表面活性剂体系荧光猝灭效率下降. 此研究对研制基于阴离子共聚物的新型生物化学传感器具有一定的指导意义.     

高盐沙地固沙乳液用乳化体系的耐盐性及对微生物生长的影响

本论文主要选用阴离子与非离子表面活性剂作为高盐沙地生态固沙用乳化体系,详细地考察了不同类型表面活性剂的耐盐性能、对NaCl结晶行为,以及它们对E.coli和沙土微生物生长的影响.耐盐性实验结果显示,非离子表面活性剂的耐盐性能优于阴离子表面活性剂,但阴离子表面活性剂SDS与非离子表面活性剂LF均具有良好的耐盐性能;且不同...     

水体中阴离子表面活性剂的光度法测定

在pH7．00的缓冲溶液中,孔雀绿可以与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(DOSO3Na)形成紫色离子缔合物,在582nm处有最大吸收值。据此建立了分光光度法测定阴离子表面活性剂DOSO3Na的方法,已用于水体样品的测定。     

共振光散射光谱法测定氯代十六烷基吡啶的研究

阳离子表面活性剂(Cationic Surfactants,CS)具有杀菌消毒和很强的吸附特性,被广泛应用于日用化工、工业洗涤剂、制药等行业,在人类生产生活中的应用日益广泛。但进入水体的阳离子表面活性剂会消耗水中的溶解氧,危害水体的生态环境而且抑制其它有毒物质的降解,导致严重的水质污     

糖基阳离子表面活性剂的研究进展

由糖基开发出的各种阳离子表面活性剂既有糖基非离子表面活性剂的温和性、低毒性、低刺激性、与阴离子表面活性剂良好的配伍性能和协同增效作用,还有阳离子表面活性剂的杀菌性、抗静电性和柔软性等性能,在洗涤剂、医药、化妆品、农业、材料、皮革、造纸和食品等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了国内外糖基阳离子表面活性剂的合成路线、分子结构和应用领域,并对该领域的研究现状、存在的问题和未来的发展方向进行了讨论与展望。     

混合表面活性剂在非极性溶剂中的聚集行为

表面活性剂在非极性溶剂中的聚集行为比在水溶液中复杂得多. 水溶液中表面活性剂有一明确的临界胶束浓度(CMC),而在非极性溶剂中至今对CM C概念仍有怀疑^[1], 但已有多种手段如染料增溶法、水增溶法、光散射法、荧光偏振、紫外和核磁共振谱等证实并测定了非极性溶剂中 CMC 的存在^[1～5]. 表面活性剂在非极性溶剂中以非离子化状态存在, 其缔合主要靠两亲分子之间的偶极-偶极以及离子对相互作用, 那么在一种表面活性剂溶液中加入另一种表面活性剂, 即表面活性剂的复配, 必然对其聚集行为产生重大影响, 但迄今为止, 尚未见关于混合表面活性剂在非极性溶剂中聚集行为的报道. 本文采用碘光谱法和水增溶法测定了阴离子表面活性剂AOT 和非离子表面活性剂 Brij30 混合后在正庚烷中形成反胶束的 CMC, 以期考察表面活性剂的复配对其聚集行为的影响。     

高盐油藏下两性/阴离子表面活性剂协同获得油水超低界面张力

研究了在高盐油藏中, 利用两性/阴离子表面活性剂的协同效应获得油水超低界面张力的方法. 两性表面活性剂十六烷基磺基甜菜碱与高盐矿化水具有很好的相容性, 但在表面活性剂浓度为0.07%-0.39%(质量分数)范围内仅能使油水界面张力达到10^-2 mN·m^-1量级, 加入阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠后则可与原油达到超低界面张力. 通过探讨表面活性剂总浓度、金属离子浓度、复配比例对油水动态界面张力的影响, 发现两性/阴离子表面活性剂混合体系可以在高矿化度、低浓度和0.04%-0.37%的宽浓度范围下获得10^-5 mN·m^-1量级的超低界面张力, 并分析了两性/阴离子表面活性剂间协同获得超低界面张力的机制.     

用离子选择性电极测定阴离子表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度

临界胶束浓度(简称C.M.C.)是表面活性剂的特性参量,与表面活性剂的分子结构、电解质浓度有关。测定C.M.C.的常用方法有电导法、表面张力法、光散射法、渗透系数法等。Birch和 Newbery等曾用十二烷基硫酸根离子选择性电极测定该离子的C.M.C。本文以三庚基十二烷基铵和十二烷基苯磺酸生成的离子对缔合物为电极活性物,根据其所试制的液膜型或 PVC膜型阴离子洗涤剂选择性电极(简     

流动注射测定阴离子表面活性剂注意问题的探讨

阴离子表面活性剂是合成洗涤剂的主要成分之一,主要是直链烷基苯酸钠和烷基磺酸钠类物质。阴离子表面活性剂进入水体后聚集在其它微粒表面,产生泡沫或发生乳化现象,阻断水中氧气的交换,同时消耗水中的溶解氧,导致水质恶化,该物质已成为当今水污染的一项重要指标。测定水中阴离     

Osmotic and activity coefficients of aqueous bile salt solutions at 25, 37, and 45°C

Osmotic coefficients measured by vapor pressure osmometry are reported for aqueous bile salt solutions at 25, 37, and 45°C. Solute activities decrease rapidly with increasing concentration due to premicellar association and micelle formation. In all cases, activities of the dihydroxy bile salts are lower than those of the trihydroxy bile salts. Osmotic coefficients and activity coefficients increase with increasing temperature. It is suggested that hydrophobic forces contribute substantially to the stability of primary bile salt aggregates and micelles.     

胆酸盐在酸性介质中自聚集作用的共振瑞利散射光谱及其分析应用研究

研究了牛磺胆酸钠、甘牛胆酸钠、胆酸钠和脱氧胆酸钠等四种胆酸盐在酸性介质中的聚集作用对共振瑞利散射光谱的影响及其分析应用. 结果表明: 在一定浓度的HCl, H₂SO₄或HNO₃溶液中, 四种胆酸盐均能自聚集形成粒径增大的聚集体. 该聚集体能导致溶液RRS显著增强, 并产生了新的RRS光谱. 不同胆酸盐在同种介质中的反应产物具有相似的光谱特征, 最大RRS波长分别位于349 (HNO₃介质), 359 (H₂SO₄介质)和369 nm (HCl介质). 在一定范围内, 胆酸盐的浓度与散射强度(ΔI_RRS)成正比. 对于不同的体系其检出限在12.0～21.8 ng/mL之间. 方法灵敏度高, 选择性较好, 而且十分简便快速. 可用于市售蛇胆川贝液和血清样品中胆酸盐的测定.     

Facile Stabilization of the Sodium Metal Anode with Additives: Unexpected Key Role of Sodium Polysulfide and Adverse Effect of Sodium Nitrate

Sodium metal is an attractive anode for next‐generation energy storage systems owing to its high specific capacity, low cost, and high abundance. Nevertheless, uncontrolled Na dendrite growth caused by the formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) leads to poor cycling performance and severe safety concerns. Sodium polysulfide (Na₂S₆) alone is revealed to serve as a positive additive or pre‐passivation agent in ether electrolyte to improve the long‐term stability and reversibility of the Na anode, while Na₂S₆‐NaNO₃ as co‐additive has an adverse effect, contrary to the prior findings in the lithium anode system. A superior cycling behavior of Na anode is first demonstrated at a current density up to 10 mA cm^?2 and a capacity up to 5 mAh cm^?2 over 100 cycles. As a proof of concept, a high‐capacity Na‐S battery was prepared by pre‐passivating the Na anode with Na₂S₆. This study gives insights into understanding the differences between Li and Na systems.     

30%亚硫酸氢钠溶液样品中Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)的同时测定

建立了采用离子色谱测定 30%亚硫酸氢钠溶液样品中的氯化钠和硫酸钠含量的新方法。采用IonPacAS14分析柱,选择三乙醇胺为亚硫酸氢钠的稳定剂,以丙酮为有机改进剂,淋洗液组成为 1 5mol/LNa2CO3 3 5mol/LNaHCO3 10% (体积分数) (CH3 )2CO,流速为 1 0mL/min,抑制电导检测。实验结果表明,氯离子、硫酸根离子分别在 0.05~1.5mg/L,0.20~15mg/L时,其峰面积与质量浓度呈线性关系,相关系数均大于 0.999,检出限分别为0 01mg/L和 0 03mg/L。该法用于实际样品分析,操作便捷,结果可靠。     

Mechanism of glass ampoule breakage prevention during the freeze-drying process of sodium thiopental lyophilization products on addition of sodium chloride

Glass ampoule breakage during the freeze-drying process was prevented by the addition of sodium chloride to the formulation of lyophilization products of sodium thiopental. In order to clarify the ampoule breakage prevention mechanism, the physicochemical behavior of the freeze-drying process was monitored by simultaneous XRD-DSC measurements and thermal mechanical analysis (TMA). During the freezing process of formulated solution, the smaller heat of fusion of crystallized ice with the addition of sodium chloride was observed in comparison to that without sodium chloride. Although a greater amorphous portion remained, a higher crystal habit of hexagonal ice was reproducibly observed in the XRD patterns with the addition of sodium chloride during the freezing process. In the measurement of TMA, the scattering of the thermal expansion rate of formulated solution was significantly reduced by the addition of sodium chloride. These observations indicated that the addition of sodium chloride minimized the scattering of the thermal expansion rate and might be a cause for the inhibition of glass ampoule breakage during the freeze-drying process.     

Studies on the Effects of Salt and Surfactant in Wet Phase Separation of Polysulfone

This study investigates the effect of additives in the nonsolvent water in terms of cloud point during the phase inversion of Polysulfone (PS) in dimethyl formamide (DMF). The exponential pattern is observed with PS concentration (0.2 to 0.6% (w/w)). It needs a low amount of water to get the cloud point at low temperature. The cloud point varied with the nature of water matrix and depended on the amount of salt, as well as the PS amount. The presence of salts (sodium chloride and sodium sulfate) lowers the cloud point of the solution. The network distribution of the particles at the cloud point is disturbed in the presence of salt. The requirement is more for Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) added water to reach the cloud point in the low range of PS solution up to 0.3% PS (w/w). The morphological and distribution pattern of PS particles are very different compared to PS particles produced from pure water. XRD study of PS particles produced from the mixed water system reflects relatively more amorphous character with respect to PS particles from pure water. The presence of both surfactant and salts in water systems also influences the cloud point in synergistic manner.     

Crystal Structure of a New Form of Sodium Octoborate β-Na2B8O13

Single crystals of a new form of sodium octoborate, β-Na₂B₈O₁₃, were obtained fortuitously from a complex Na₂O-B₂O₃-P₂O₅ mixture, and studied. The compound is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c; the unit cell parameters are a=11.731(4) Å, b=7.880(3) Å, c=10.410(4) Å, β=99.883(3)°; Z=4. The crystal structure was solved from 1653 reflections until R₁=0.0444; it consists of two infinite, independent, and interleaved boron-oxygen networks containing a complex borate anion (B₈O₁₃)²⁻ formed by six BO₃ triangles (Δ) and two BO₄ tetrahedra (T), which can be viewed as a B₅O₁₀ group linked to a B₃O₇ group; this leads to a Fundamental Building Block (FBB) with the shorthand notation: 8: ∞³ [(5:4Δ+T)+(3:2Δ+T)]. This FBB is identical to that described in other octoborates such as α-Na₂B₈O₁₃ and Ag₂B₈O₁₃. However, some subtle differences exist in the interlinking of the octoborate anions found in these three compounds, which explains their different structure and unit cell parameters.     

自动电位滴定法测定工业碳酸钠中氯化钠含量

采用自动电位滴定法,用硝酸银标准溶液作为滴定剂,测定工业碳酸钠中氯化钠含量。方法检出限为0.13mg/L,不同含量氯化钠样品加标回收率为99.7%~100.3%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为0.17%~2.0%,方法简单、快速,精密度和准确度高,适合大批量快速分析样品。     

毛细管电泳法测定注射用头孢哌酮钠他唑巴坦钠中目标成分

建立了毛细管区带电泳法同时测定注射用头孢哌酮钠他唑巴坦钠中目标成分含量的方法。采用石英毛细管(75 cm×75 μm i.d.,有效长度63 cm),以40 mmol/L硼砂溶液为背景电解质(BGE),以氢氯噻嗪为内标,分离电压12.0 kV,检测波长220 nm,重力进样10 s(高度10 cm)。实验结果表明,头孢哌酮钠与他唑巴坦钠分别在0.25～3.96 g/L和0.062～0.99 g/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)分别为0.9995和0.9996。精密度和重复性均良好,相对峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于3%,制剂在208 min内稳定,回收试验结果符合方法学要求。该方法简单、准确、耗费少、污染小,可用于注射用粉针剂头孢哌酮钠他唑巴坦钠中头孢哌酮钠和他唑巴坦钠的定量分析。     

复合硝基酚钠盐的胶束电动力学毛细管色谱分析

本文在自行研制的高效毛细管电泳仪上建立了复合硝基酚钠盐的胶束电动力学毛细管色谱分析方法。用５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ十二烷基硫酸钠、ｐＨ＝９．０的硼酸盐缓冲溶液，在２０ｋＶ电压下分离了５－硝基愈创木酚钠、对硝基酚钠、邻硝基酚钠，此法用于Ａｔｏｎｉｋ型植物生长调节剂的定量分析，相对偏差小于２％，回收率在１０１％￣１０５％之间。