Adiponitrile at 100 K

Adiponitrile, C₆H₈N₂, is a key intermediate in the synthesis of the polyamide Nylon 66 and is produced industrially on a large scale. We have determined the crystal and molecular structure of adiponitrile by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis at 100 K, a suitable crystal (m.p. 275 K) having been grown from the melt at low temperature. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2₁/c with Z = 2. In the crystal structure, the molecule adopts an exact C_i‐symmetric gauche –anti –gauche conformation of the C—C—C—C skeleton about an inversion centre. The molecules are densely packed, with short intermolecular contacts between the α‐H and nitrile N atoms.     

Trisubstituted cyclooctene synthesis at the limits of relay ring-closing metathesis: a racemic difluorinated analogue of fucose

A telescoped sequence based on metallated enol acetal chemistry allowed the efficient delivery of a ring-closing metathesis (RCM) precursor, which was used to form a cyclooctenone product with a trisubstituted alkenyl group in moderate yield, though a high loading of second generation Grubbs' pre-catalyst was required. A relay RCM (RRCM) precursor was synthesised to deliver the key alkylidene at a higher rate; the catalyst loading required was high, and increasing the reaction temperature simply resulted in the loss of the cyclising alkylidene by a non-productive cross-metathesis pathway. We were forced to use high dilution conditions to suppress the unwanted CM and secure the cyclooctenone product. The cyclooctenone product could be progressed to analogues of fucose and 6-deoxyidose by UpJohn dihydroxylation.     

Formation enthalpies of water-o-xylene-triton X-100 microemulsions at 298.15 K

The heat effects of dissolution of water-o-xylene-Triton X-100 microemulsions and their components in 2-propanol at 298.15 K are determined by the thermochemical method. The thermochemical cycle was employed to calculate the formation enthalpies of the microemulsions and to demonstrate that they are negative and that their absolute values decrease when passing from water-in-oil to oil-in-water microemulsions. The data obtained suggest that intense interactions between the components in the systems under examination promote the formation of thermodynamically stable microemulsions.     

dl‐Arginine monohydrate at 100 K

In the title compound, C₆H₁₄N₄O₂·H₂O, the α‐amino group is neutral. The molecular side chain including the guanidinium group is not fully extended, having a near gauche–gauche conformation [χ³ = 59.0 (1)°; χ⁴ = 72.8 (1)°]. The network of hydrogen bonds stabilizing the crystal lattice includes those formed between the deprotonated and negatively charged α‐carboxyl­ate groups and the positively charged amino groups of the guanidinium group of neighbouring mol­ecules. N—H?O=C and water‐mediated N—H?O hydrogen bonds link individual mol­ecules to produce pairs of spiral motifs laterally connected by N—H?O and C—H?O hydrogen bonds.     

Bis(glycylglycinium) oxalate at 100 K

The structure of the title compound, 2C₄H₉N₂O₃⁺·C₂O₄²⁻, which has been determined by X‐ray diffraction, contains discrete glycyl­glycine (HGly–Gly)⁺ cations in general positions and oxalate anions which lie across centres of inversion. Although the geometry of the (HGly–Gly)⁺ cation is not significantly different compared with other structures containing this residue, a few changes in conformation are observed which indicate the presence of molecular interactions. The molecular network in the crystal consists of one nearly linear O—H⋯O, five N—H⋯O and two weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.     

A binuclear rhodium(I) complex with two tetraphosphine ligands at 100 K

Bis(μ‐3,11‐diethyl‐6,8‐di­phenyl‐3,6,8,11‐tetraphosphatri­dec­ane‐κ⁴P³,P⁶:P⁸,P¹¹)­dirhodium(I) bis­(tetra­fluoro­borate), [Rh₂(C₂₅H₄₀P₄)₂](BF₄)₂, is a bimetallic complex containing two binucleating tetra‐tertiary phosphine ligands. The distance between the metal centers is 5.4555 (11) Å, with no metal–metal bond. The Rh—P bond distances range from 2.2483 (14) to 2.3295 (14) Å. The geometry about the Rh^I atoms is tetrahedrally distorted square planar and the dihedral angle between the two coordination planes is 66.28 (5)°.