含氟及硫醚基团聚酰亚胺光波导材料的合成及表征

通过分子设计,合成了含三氟甲基及硫醚基团的二胺单体4,4'-双(4-胺基-2-三氟甲基苯硫基)二苯硫醚(6FSEDA),利用其与6种芳香二酐单体:3,3',4,4'-联苯四羧酸二酐(BPDA)、4,4'-氧双邻苯二甲酸酐(ODPA)、3,3',4,4'-二苯酮四酸二酐(BTDA)、4,4'-(六氟异丙基)-苯二酸酐(6FDA)、3,3',4,4'-二苯硫醚四酸二酐(DTDA)及3,3',4,4'-二苯砜四酸二酐(DSDA)经一步法合成了一系列含氟及硫醚基团的聚酰亚胺(PI),并对其结构与性能进行了研究.结果表明,该系列PI的玻璃化温度Tg(DSC)在199.8～231.7℃范围,5%和10%热失重的温度(N2氛围)分别在491℃和517℃以上,在400～700 nm的可见光波长范围内具有优异的光学透明性,在光通讯波段(1310 nm和1550 nm处)均无明显吸收,且在这两个波长处测得的平均折射率范围分别为1.5401～1.6142和1.5389～1.6124,在波长632.8 nm测得的双折射范围为0.0012～0.0045.可见,含氟及硫醚基团聚酰亚胺薄膜具有良好的热稳定性和光学性能.     

含苯并咪唑单元可溶性聚酰亚胺的合成和性能

合成了一种刚性芳香二胺单体3,3',5,5'-四甲基-4,4'-二胺基苯基甲苯(BDAP),与6-氨基苯基-2-氨基苯并咪唑(BIA)组成混合二胺,分别与4种商品化的二酐单体(均苯四酸二酐(PMDA)、联苯四酸二酐(BPDA)、二苯酮四酸二酐(BTDA)和二苯醚四酸二酐(ODPA))一步法缩聚合成了一系列可溶性聚酰亚胺.采用FTIR,1H-NMR,UV-Vis,DMA和TGA等测试方法对所制备的聚酰亚胺进行了表征.结果表明,所制备的聚酰亚胺具有良好的溶解性能,能够在NMP和DMAc等常规溶剂中溶解;耐热性及力学性能优良,玻璃化转变温度超过410℃,分解温度在500℃以上.     

含哒嗪环聚酰亚胺的合成及性能表征

以马来酸酐为原料与水合肼反应得到哒嗪酮,再与三氯氧磷反应制备3,6-二氯哒嗪中间体,哒嗪中间体与间氨基苯酚通过亲核取代反应合成了一种新的二胺单体——3,6-二(3-氨基苯氧基)哒嗪.通过1HNMR,FTIR及HPLC-MS确证了哒嗪二胺及中间体的结构.这种哒嗪二胺单体与6种芳香二酐单体——均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)、3,3',4,4'-联苯四甲酸二酐(BPDA)、4,4-六氟异丙基邻苯二甲酸酐(6FDA)、3,3',4,4'-二苯甲酮四甲酸二酐(BTDA)、3,3',4,4'-二苯醚四甲酸二酐(ODPA)和双酚A型二醚二酐(BPADA)通过两步法聚合制备了一系列的聚酰亚胺,并对其结构和性能进行了研究.结果表明,聚酰胺酸的比浓对数黏度为0.37~0.50 dL/g,该系列聚酰亚胺膜具有良好的热稳定性和机械性能,玻璃化温度(Tg)为188~241℃,氮气氛围下5%和10%热失重分别为421~448℃和447~473℃,拉伸强度(TS)高达102 MPa,断裂伸长率(EB)为2.0%~6.5%.紫外可见光谱测试得到的截止波长(λcut-off)为367~389 nm.     

含磷聚酰亚胺纤维的制备与性能

合成了一种含磷二胺单体, 二(4-胺基苯氧基)苯基膦氧(DAPOPO). 该单体与4,4'-二胺基二苯醚(ODA)、 均苯四酸二酐(PMDA)和3,3',4,4'-联苯四酸二酐(BPDA)共聚得到聚酰胺酸溶液, 通过干喷湿纺法纺丝得到聚酰胺酸纤维, 聚酰胺酸纤维经过热亚胺化和热牵伸得到含磷的聚酰亚胺纤维. 利用纤维强度仪、 扫描电子显微镜、 热失重分析仪和氧指数测定仪等研究了含磷聚酰亚胺纤维的力学性能、 形貌、 热稳定性能和阻燃性能. 结果表明, 随着含磷量的增加, 纤维的热稳定性明显提高, 而极限氧指数从35上升到了45, 说明纤维的阻燃性能得到很大提高.     

用于燃料电池质子交换膜的含萘及氮杂环结构的新型磺化聚酰亚胺的合成及性能

将自制的4,4'-二氨基二苯醚-2,2'-二磺酸基(ODADS)、 含氮杂环芳香二胺1,2-二氢-2-(4-氨基苯基)-4-[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)-苯基]-二氮杂萘-1-酮(DHPZ-DA)和1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸二酐(NTDA)进行直接缩合聚合反应, 通过改变磺化二胺单体的含量来改变聚合物的磺化度, 成功地合成了一系列高分子量的不同磺化度的六元环聚酰亚胺(SPIs), 其特性粘度在0.55-1.47 dL/g. 采用FTIR和 1H NMR技术表征了聚合物的结构. 研究了经溶液浇铸成磺化聚合物膜的理化性质. 结果表明, 随着聚合物磺化度的增大, 膜的含水率和离子交换能力增大, 尺寸稳定性、 对水的稳定性以及抗氧化性降低.     

含二氮杂萘酮结构磺化聚酰亚胺共聚物的合成及其膜性能研究

将磺化二胺单体4,4′-二(4-氨基苯氧基)联苯-3,3′-二磺酸(BAPBDS),含二氮杂萘酮结构的二胺1,2-二氢-2-(4-氨基苯基)-4-[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)-苯基]-二氮杂萘-1-酮(DHPZDA)和1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸二酐(NTDA)进行缩合聚合反应,通过改变磺化二胺单体BAPBDS的含量,合成了一系列不同磺化度的聚酰亚胺(SPIs).采用FT-IR,1H-NMR表征了聚合物的结构,热重分析仪(TGA)研究了聚合物的耐热稳定性.以间甲酚为溶剂,通过溶液浇铸法成膜研究了该系列聚合物膜的性能.结果表明,与其它磺化聚酰亚胺相比,该系列磺化聚酰亚胺的溶解性以及在高温下(80℃)水解稳定性有较大提高.     

含酚酞基团的聚酰亚胺膜材料的合成与性能

将酚酞分别和对氯硝基苯、2-氯-5-硝基三氟甲苯经Williamson反应得到3,3-双[(4-硝基苯氧基)苯基]酚酞和3,3-双[(4-硝基-2-三氟甲基苯氧基)苯基]酚酞;在Pd/C-水合肼还原作用下分别得到3,3-双[(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]酚酞(Ⅰ)和3,3-双[(4-氨基-2-三氟甲基苯氧基)苯基]酚酞(Ⅱ).采用上述2种二胺单体分别与1,2,3,4-环丁烷四酸二酐(CBDA)、均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)、3,3,4,4-二苯醚四酸二酐(ODPA)和六氟二酐(6FDA)通过两步法制备出8种含酚酞基团的聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜,然后采用核磁(NMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)、热重分析仪(TGA)、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)和溶解性测试等测试手段和方法对所得到的PI的化学结构、光学性能、热性能和和溶解性等性质进行表征.研究结果表明,这些PI主要表现出非晶结构,且具有良好的溶解性和热性能;除PMDA基PI外,其余PI均表现出良好的浅色、透明特性.     

氮杂环单体的分子结构对共聚芳醚酮酮性能的影响

合成4,4'-二苯基-7,7'-双(2,2',3,3')二氮杂萘(1,1')酮(7,7-DBD)与4,4'-二苯基-6,7'-双(2,2',3,3')二氮杂萘(1,1')酮(6,7-DBD)2种杂环单体,探究2种单体和4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂萘酮与1,4-二(4-氟苯甲酰基)苯的共聚行为,得到2种侧苯基位置...     

基于三蝶烯结构D3h对称性聚酰亚胺的合成及性能研究

以四氯邻氨基苯甲酸和蒽经Diels-Alder反应得到1,2,3,4-四氯三蝶烯,再经硝化、还原得到2,6-二氨基-13,14,15,16-四氯三蝶烯二胺单体.该二胺与双酚A二酐(BPADA)、六氟二酐(6FDA)和3,3’,4,4’-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐(BTDA)经两步法缩聚得到系列聚酰亚胺.对2,6-二氨基-13,14,15,16-四氯三蝶烯二胺单体进行了1H-NMR,13C-NMR,FTIR表征,对所合成聚酰亚胺进行了1H-NMR、FTIR结构表征及溶解性、热性能、特性粘度、BET等测试.结果表明,含四氯三蝶烯结构的聚酰亚胺具有优异的溶解性,能溶于DMAc、DMF、NMP、THF、吡啶、间甲酚等有机溶剂,其中基于双酚A二酐和六氟二酐的聚酰亚胺在室温下能溶于氯仿中.聚合物具有良好的热性能,在0~300℃之间没有发现其玻璃化转变温度以及10%的热失重温度均高于500℃.聚合物可形成颜色较浅的透明薄膜,其中基于双酚A二酐的聚酰亚胺薄膜为无色透明.基于六氟二酐的聚酰亚胺BET比表面积为370 m2/g,是一种新型多孔聚合物.     

2,6-二[4''''-(3",4"-邻苯二甲酸酐苯氧基]苯基吡啶二甲酮的合成

芳香四酸二酐是有机芳杂环高分子如聚酰亚胺、聚吡咙等耐高温高分子的主要单体之一,但是由目前市售芳香四酸二酐所得芳杂环高分子多具有难溶难熔、不易加工的缺陷.因此,借助分子设计原理并应用有机合成手段,合成新型四酸二酐单体进而实现目标芳杂环高分子的改性研究则是十分重要的[1].合成具有柔性键、非共平面芳环取代基、含氟取代基、以及极性吡啶环等新型单体,既可保持聚合物的耐热性,又可改善其溶解性,赋予其优异的综合性能[2,3].本文依Scheme 1所示的设计路线,合成了聚合级的含有柔性醚键与极性羰基的新型含吡啶环四酸二酐单体、即2,6-二(4'-(3",4"-邻苯二甲酸酐苯氧基)苯基)吡啶二甲酮,其组成与结构已通过FT-IR,NMR,MS及元素分析证实.     

含氧膦结构的可溶性感光聚酰亚胺合成与表征

聚酰亚胺(PI)是一类综合性能优异的功能性材料,广泛应用于航天、航空及电子工业等领域[1].感光聚酰亚胺可以采用光刻工艺,大大简化了其应用加工程序[2,3],因而备受人们所青睐.含查尔酮结构的聚合物对UV辐射敏感度高和化学稳定性好,最近被广泛的研究和应用[4～7].主链含查尔酮结     

ORGANO-SOLUBLE FLUORINATED POLYIMIDES DERIVED FROM α,α-BIS(4-AMINO-3,5- DIMETHYLPHENYL)-4''-FLUOROPHENYL METHANE AND VARIOUS AROMATIC DIANHYDRIDES

Organo-soluble fluorinated polyimides were synthesized by the polycondensation of a new aromatic diamine α,αbis(4-amino-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-4'-fluorophenyl methane with several aromatic dianhydrides. The one-step polymerization polyimides could be soluble not only in polar aprotic solvents, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, and N,Ndimethylacetamide, but also in common organic solvents, such as chloroform, cyclopentanone, m-cresol and so on. The polyimide films show excellent transparency with the UV-Vis cut-off lengths of 310-360 nm and light transmittances of higher than 80% in the visible region. In addition, the polyimides exhibit good thermal stability with an initial decomposition temperature (Td) higher than 530℃ and have more than 60% of residual weight retentions at 700 ℃.     

含异山梨醇结构单元聚酰亚胺的合成与表征

以异山梨醇为原料,合成了含异山梨醇的二胺单体.将该单体与4,4′-(六氟异丙基)双邻苯二甲酸二酐(6FDA)反应,制备了含异山梨醇结构单元的聚酰亚胺.采用红外光谱、氢核磁共振、紫外光谱和热分析等手段,对产物的结构、热性能及光学性能等进行了表征.结果表明,所得到的聚酰亚胺具有较好的热稳定性和光学性能、并在极性溶剂中具有较好的溶解性.     

微波辐射合成含三苯基吡啶结构超支化聚酰亚胺及其光学性能的研究

利用自己合成的含三苯基吡啶结构的BB′2型芳香三胺TAPP与A2型的二酐3,3′,4,4′-二苯酮四羧酸二酐(BTDA)在微波辐射下经"两步法"分别合成了氨基封端和酐基封端的新型超支化聚酰亚胺(AM-HBPI和AD-HBPI).通过FTIR、1H-NMR、XRD、TGA、溶解性试验以及UV-Vis和荧光光谱等对产物进行了一系列的结构表征和性能测试.结果表明,两种新型的含三苯基吡啶结构超支化聚酰亚胺(HBPI)在强极性非质子溶剂中均显示出良好的溶解性,对无机稀酸也具有一定的抗腐蚀性;它们还体现出优异的耐高温性,在N2中的10%热失重温度(T10%)分别高达573℃和568℃.除此之外,AM-HBPI和AD-HBPI还分别在200～400nm和200～350nm具有良好的紫外光吸收性能,以及紫、蓝色荧光发射性能.而且它们被HCl质子化后的紫外光吸收谱带均扩宽至425nm,荧光发射峰的强度也大大增强.     

ORGANO-SOLUBLE FLUORINATED POLYIMIDES DERIVED FROM a,a-BIS(4-AMINO-3,5- DIMETHYLPHENYL)-4′-FLUOROPHENYL METHANE AND VARIOUS AROMATIC DIANHYDRIDES

 Organo-soluble fluorinated polyimides were synthesized by the polycondensation of a new aromatic diamine -bis(4-amino-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-4′-fluorophenyl methane with several aromatic dianhydrides. The one-step polymerization procedure was conducted at 180℃ in m-cresol, producing the polyimides with inherent viscosities of 0.680.76 dL•g1. The polyimides could be soluble not only in polar aprotic solvents, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, and N,N-dimethylacetamide, but also in common organic solvents, such as chloroform, cyclopentanone, m-cresol and so on. The polyimide films show excellent transparency with the UV-Vis cut-off lengths of 310360 nm and light transmittances of higher than 80% in the visible region. In addition, the polyimides exhibit good thermal stability with an initial decomposition temperature (Td) higher than 530℃ and have more than 60% of residual weight retentions at 700℃.     

New Soluble Polyimides with High Optical Transparency and Light Color Containing Pendant Trifluoromethyl and Methyl Groups

A new aromatic diamine containing trifluoromethyl and methyl groups, namely α,α‐bis(4‐amino‐3‐methylphenyl)‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenylmethane ( 1 ), was synthesized from 2‐methylaniline and 4‐(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde. A series of fluorinated polyimides (PIs) were prepared from the diamine with four commercially available aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides using a one‐step high‐temperature polycondensation procedure. These obtained PIs showed excellent solubility, with the dissolvability at a concentration of 10 wt% in most solvents, and they could afford flexible and strong films. Thin films of these PIs exhibited high optical transparency and light color, with the cutoff wavelength at 324–357 nm and transmittance higher than 74% at 450 nm. Moreover, these PIs possessed eminent thermal stability and good mechanical properties.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel fluorinated polyimides derived from 1,1′-bis(4-aminophenyl)-1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and aromatic dianhydrides

A novel fluorinated aromatic diamine 1,1′-bis(4-aminophenyl)-1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (6FDAM) was synthesized in a simple procedure, which was then employed to prepare a series of fluorinated polyimides with commercial aromatic dianhydrides, such as pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane (6FDA), 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and 4,4′-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA). The polyimides exhibited good solubility in strong dipolar solvents such as NMP, DMAc, DMF and m-cresol as well as some of low boiling point organic solvents of THF and CHCl₃, etc. Experimental results indicated the polyimides possessed low moisture adsorptions of 0.42-0.95%, low dielectric constant of 2.71-2.95 at 1 MHz, high dielectric strength of 92.0-122.6 kV/mm and good optical transparency with cutoff wavelengths of UV-vis at 330-375 nm. The polyimides also exhibited good mechanical properties as well as excellent thermal and thermo-oxidative stability. The fluorinated polyimides possessed better solubility, lower dielectric constant and water adsorption as well as higher optical transparency than the representative non-fluorinated polyimide derived from PMDA and 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA).     

Synthesis of soluble and thermally stable polyimides from unsymmetrical diamine containing 2,4,5-triaryl imidazole pendent group

A novel unsymmetrical diamine monomer containing triaryl imidazole pendant group, 4-[4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenoxy] benzene-1,3-diamine (DAI), was successfully synthesized via aromatic substitution reaction of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol, followed by palladium-catalyzed hydrazine reduction. The diamine monomer DAI polymerized with commercial available dianhydrides such as benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and bicyclo[2.2.2]-oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BCDA) by using two step synthetic methods to obtain corresponding polyimides (PIs). PIs had inherent viscosity of 0.42-0.51 dL/g and exhibited excellent solubility in aprotic polar solvents such as N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), pyridine and methyl sulfoxide (DMSO). PIs showed high glass transition temperatures between 230 and 320 °C, and they were fairly stable up to a temperature above 300 and 450 °C depending on the dianhydride monomer used for the PIs preparation.