Selective Deprotection of Fully Benzoylated Nucleoside Derivatives

Abstract

Selective deprotection of benzoylated hydroxyl groups is one of the crucial problems in the synthesis of nucleoside analogues as well as of other polyfunctional molecules.     

A Flexible Route to Mannose 6-Phosphonate Functionalized Derivatives

A new approach for the synthesis of a mannose 6-phosphonate isosteric analog of mannose 6-phosphate is reported. The mannosylphosphonate has been prepared in a multistep synthesis involving an homologation reaction of the methyl f - D -mannopyranoside followed by an Arbuzov reaction between a bromohomomannosyl derivative and the tris (trimethylsilyl)phosphite. This approach, avoiding the deprotection of dialkylphosphonate, allowed us to prepare the mannose 6-phosphonate in good yield. The described method was successfully extended to the preparation of a mannose 6-phosphonate linked to a cholesteryl moiety. This strategy affords a more general route for a wide range of functionalized mannose 6-phosphonate derivatives.     

硅胶催化的选择性去除N-Boc保护基

发现了在回流的甲苯中, 以硅胶为催化剂, 多种N-Boc保护的伯胺、仲胺、氨基酸的氨基都可以迅速脱除Boc. 该方法具有条件温和、操作简便、反应时间短和产率高等优点. 同时, 其它常用的保护基Cbz和Fmoc等在同样的条件下不受影响.     

Selective hydrolysis of anti-1,3-diol-acetonides for the differentiation of 1,3-anti and 1,3-syn diols

A mild and general method for the selective cleavage of anti-1,3-acetonides has been developed for the differentiation of 1,3-anti and 1,3-syn diols in long chain polyolic fragments. The diluted acidic conditions applied to these systems are compatible with other common protecting groups such as silyl ethers and benzyloxymethyl ethers.     

Mild, selective deprotection of PMB ethers with triflic acid/1,3-dimethoxybenzene

An efficient method for the cleavage of the p-methoxybenzyl protecting group of several alcohols in the presence of 0.5 equiv of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and 1,3-dimethoxybenzene in dichloromethane at room temperature is described.     

Highly Selective Synthesis of 6-Glyoxylamidoquinoline Derivatives via Palladium-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation

The aminocarbonylation of 6-iodoquinoline has been investigated in the presence of large series of amine nucleophiles, providing an efficient synthetic route for producing various quinoline-6-carboxamide and quinoline-6-glyoxylamide derivatives. It was shown, after detailed optimization study, that the formation of amides and ketoamides is strongly influenced by the reaction conditions. Performing the reactions at 40 bar of carbon monoxide pressure in the presence of Pd(OAc)₂/2 PPh₃, the corresponding 2-ketocarboxamides were formed as major products (up to 63%). When the monodentate triphenylphosphine was replaced by the bidentate XantPhos, the quinoline-6-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized almost exclusively under atmospheric conditions (up to 98%). The isolation and characterization of the new carbonylated products of various structures were also accomplished. Furthermore, the structure of three new mono- and double-carbonylated compounds were unambiguously established by using a single-crystal XRD study.     

Selective 3-and 6-OH modification of (-)-clausenamide

(-)-Clausenamide is a drug candidate under Phase I clinical trial for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).In order to elucidate the substituent related structure-activity relationship,six one-substituent modified(-)-clausenamide analogues were designed,and four of them,namely 3-O-methyl,6-O-methyl,3-des-hydroxyl and 6-des-hydroxyl analogues were prepared by selective 3- and 6- OH modification of(-)-clausenamide.     

Synthesis of glucuronic acid derivatives via the efficient and selective removal of a C6 methyl group

This investigation is related to the development of a general strategy for the synthesis of certain glucuronic acid derivatives. In particular, we report exceptionally selective conditions for removing the C6 methyl protecting group by potassium hydroxide without affecting the benzoyl protecting groups on the C2, C3 and C4 hydroxyl groups in high yields (95–99%). The present method proves to be efficient and environmentally friendly in terms of short reaction time, high yield and the single product.     

溴代1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸酐的选择性合成

在常压下, 以溴化钠和发烟硫酸(含质量分数为40%的SO₃)为溴化试剂, 通过控制反应温度、 反应时间和溴化钠的投料比选择性地合成了2-溴-1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸酐和2,6-二溴-1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸酐. 本研究提供了一种合成溴代1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸酐衍生物的新方法.     

A one-pot selective deprotective acetylation of benzyl ethers and OTBDMS ethers using the BF3·Et2O-NaI-Ac2O reagent system

An efficient selective deprotection followed by acetylation of several benzyl ethers, including 6-OBn ethers of monosaccharides, and -OTBDMS ethers has been developed by using the BF₃·Et₂O-NaI-Ac₂O reagent system. In addition, both benzylidene and isopropylidene groups are deprotected to form the corresponding diacetates.     

Selective mono-O-sulfonylation of A,B-di-altro- β-cyclodextrin by utilizing restricted orientation of a guest-type sulfonylating reactant in the elliptically distorted cavity: the 2-O- and 3-O-2-naphthalenesulfonates as a versatile scaffold to prepare artificial enzymes with controlling substrate orientation

A,B-di-altro-β-cyclodextrin, which has 21 different hydroxyl groups, was selectively sulfonylated by 2-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride at the 2^A-OH of the altrose residue and the 3^G-OH of the glucoside residue adjacent to the altroside residue. The latter sulfonate provides for the first time a possibility for the synthesis of functional cyclodextrins that have two altrose residues adjacent to the functionalized one (either of glucose type or of altrose type) to control the orientation of substrate.     

高分散Cu-Al_2O_3催化剂选择氢解生物质基糠醇制备1,2-和1,5-戊二醇(英文)

生物质是唯一可再生的有机碳资源,开发清洁高效稳定的催化剂体系,将富氧的生物质及其平台化合物高选择性的C–O键氢解转化为可供石化行业利用的高附加值产品成为当前的研究热点.糠醛可由农林副产物如玉米芯,甘蔗渣和秸秆等中富含的半纤维素经酸水解而得.采用便宜的糠醛及其衍生物糠醇和四氢糠醇为原料,通过温和条件下一步选择氢解合成高附加值的1,2-和/或1,5-戊二醇的研究受到了越来越多的关注,但目前的研究主要集中在Ru,Rh,Pt和Ir等贵金属催化剂,对无铬非贵金属催化剂的研究甚少;此外,目前文献报道催化剂的活性和选择性还有待提高.开发清洁高效的非贵金属催化剂在温和条件下选择氢解糠醇或糠醛是目前面临的一项难题.我们的最新研究发现采用以水滑石为前驱体制备的弱碱性Cu-Mg_3AlO_(4.5)双功能催化剂在糠醇选择氢解反应中表现出优异的催化性能,在413 K和6 MPa的温和条件下可取得约80%的戊二醇总收率.虽然碱性载体有利于稳定糠醇氢解中间体并抑制羟基脱水从而提高戊二醇选择性,但也有文献报道酸性载体或助剂同样对呋喃衍生物的选择氢解制二元醇有促进作用.为了研究固体酸负载的双功能催化剂在糠醇氢解中的催化性能,我们采用共沉淀法制备了酸性Al_2O_3载体分散的不同Cu含量(2–30 wt%)的纳米双功能催化剂,并对比考察了其他不同载体(SiO_2,TiO_2,ZrO_2,MgO和ZnO)负载的催化剂,Al_2O_3负载的Ni,Co和Pt催化剂及商业Cu-Cr催化剂的糠醇氢解性能.研究发现,在金属负载量相同时,Cu-Al_2O_3催化剂表现出最优异的糠醇氢解性能,而Cu-Al_2O_3催化剂的转化率随Cu铜含量的升高先增高后降低,在20 wt%时达最高,而戊二醇的总选择性在10 wt%时达最高.为了揭示Cu-Al_2O_3催化剂在糠醇氢解反应中的构效关系,采用X射线衍射(XRD),透射电镜(TEM),N_2物理吸附,N_2O化学吸附和NH_3/CO_2程序升温脱附(NH_3/CO_2-TPD)等多种物理化学手段对催化剂的结构和表面性质进行了表征.XRD,TEM和N_2O化学吸附的表征结果说明,共沉淀法制备的Cu-Al_2O_3催化剂中Cu颗粒高分散于Al_2O_3载体上,且两者结合紧密.NH_3/CO_2-TPD表征发现,Cu-Al_2O_3催化剂中酸性位占主导地位,随铜含量的升高表面酸量递减.由于不同Cu含量的Cu-Al_2O_3催化剂中Cu颗粒尺寸,酸碱量和Cu与载体之间相互作用等因素的差异,在催化糠醇选择氢解中表现出不同的催化性能.通过关联催化剂中Cu颗粒尺寸与戊二醇生成TOF发现,该反应为结构敏感性反应,催化剂的TOF受Cu颗粒尺寸控制,Cu颗粒尺寸在1.9–2.4 nm范围内时取得最高的催化活性.催化剂的表面酸碱性也是影响Cu-Al_2O_3催化性能的另一重要原因,适当增加Cu-Al_2O_3催化剂的表面酸性可以提高糠醇氢解活性和戊二醇选择性,但是采用强酸性载体时,反应副产物急剧增加而降低戊二醇选择性,增加催化剂的碱性同样对催化活性和选择性不利.通过比较不同制备方法合成的Cu-Al_2O_3催化剂的糠醇氢解性能发现,催化剂中高分散的Cu与酸性Al_2O_3载体之间的高效紧密接触是取得高戊二醇收率的关键,同时催化剂中Cu不同的电子状态,可能也会影响催化性能.在考察催化剂的循环使用过程中发现,催化剂的结构稳定,使用多次后催化剂织构结构未发生明显变化,性能未发生明显下降.此外,我们还考察了反应温度,氢气分压,催化剂量和反应时间等动力学条件对Cu-Al_2O_3催化剂性能的影响,发现催化剂活性和产物的选择性均受反应条件明显影响,在优化条件(413 K,8.0 MPa H2)下,采用共沉淀法制备的10Cu-Al_2O_3催化剂可以取得约70%戊二醇的选择性和60%的总收率.结合对实验结果的分析及相关文献报道,我们还推测了Cu-Al_2O_3双功能催化剂上糠醇氢解的反应路径.