压杆稳定的机理性认识

在近代工程设计中,结构的稳定性一直成为一个相当突出的问题.从土建类材料力学的一些后续专业课程来看,无论是结构力学、钢筋混凝土结构、钢结构及一些结构设计课程,其中很多稳定性问题实质上都可归结为压杆稳定问题.而后者也一直是多学时材料力学教学全过程中的难点之一.从我们对工民建专业的教学情况来看,问题并不在于对一般压杆临界荷载值的数学推导以及对一些稳定问题的具体计算,而在于对稳定性本身的理解,特别是对于“压弯”与“失稳”     

轴向可压缩压杆的压缩失稳实验研究

用受压变形明显的聚胺脂胶棒进行了两端铰支的压缩失稳试验。为减少铰支处的摩擦力,在胶棒的两端铰支处安装了直线轴承。试验中观察到了Euler压杆理论所不包括的一些失稳现象,如：仍然在线弹性变形范围内的压杆,没有像Euler压杆理论预测的那样发生屈曲;在较高的临界载荷作用下,柔度较小的压杆发生了亚临界屈曲,所产生的弯矩是突然失稳弯曲的杆件不能承受的,于是杆件突然卸载。另外,大柔度压杆的超临界屈曲,即类似Euler压杆的屈曲现象也被观察到了。这些实验结果与轴向可压缩压杆失稳理论所预测的相符。     

再论压杆失稳与Lyapunov稳定性

进一步分析了弹性杆平衡的Euler稳定性和Lyapunov稳定性的概念和意义，指出了两的异同，表明不能用Euler稳定性的概念去理解弹性杆平衡的Lyapunov稳定性，并用例子予以说明。     

细长压杆的失稳点及临界压力的确定方法研究

为了分析压杆失稳的临界力与失稳后杆件屈服形态的关系,在理论推导和试验研究的基础上,提出了通过捕捉细长压杆失稳时的失稳点来确定压杆临界力的分析方法,通过测量细长压杆失稳时微弯状态下杆端的纵向位移,求得临界压力的大小. 文中将该方法的实验结果与直接用欧拉公式计算的临界压力进行了比较,结果表明,考虑细长压杆微弯状态时杆端的纵向位移所得到的失稳的临界压力值大于利用欧拉公式计算的临界压力值.     

局部削弱压杆的稳定性实验研究

因为缺乏相关的理论和实验研究,局部削弱压杆的临界载荷通常按无削弱压杆处理.工程中,局部削弱压杆的使用极为普遍.对局部削弱压杆的稳定性的定量研究结果,无论是工程中,还是材料力学教学中都是迫切需要的.本文在前人理论研究的基础上,对局部削弱压杆的临界载荷作了定量的实验研究.试验结果表明,对细长压杆,即使削弱部分的刚度下降达到38.9%,对失稳临界载荷的影响仍可忽略;试验结果与黄玉珊提出的对局部削弱压杆稳定性的定量计算方法也比较接近.研究结果对部分工程问题和材料力学教学都具有一定的指导意义.     

压杆临界力实验方法

将Southwell的方法[1]加以分析后,得到一个既简便又更精确的用实验测压杆临界力的方法。     

含刚性段复合压杆的稳定性分析

压杆稳定性实验是材料力学中一个重要实验内容.然而,压杆稳定性实验中压杆两端的约束往往需要附加刚性的夹持件来实现.为了讨论压杆端部夹持件对测试结果的影响,本文基于弹性系统的稳定性理论,采用欧拉方法,分析了两端包含刚性段的复合压杆的稳定性,并通过数值求解讨论了刚性段不同占比情形下压杆的临界载荷.同时,采用有限元数值模拟方法...     

大柔度型钢压杆的稳定性设计计算公式

对大柔度型钢压杆稳定性设计,本文导出一个简便计算公式,从而能够直接选定型钢型号....     

Inertial stage of bar buckling under longitudinal compression

The problem of dynamic buckling of a bar under the influence of a compressive force is solved taking into account inertial and elastic forces in different stages of the process. The duration of the inertial stage is determined. It is shown that in solids and gas–liquid media, the duration of the inertial stage for real parameters of structural members can be longer than the duration of impact loading.     

Nonlinear dynamic buckling of a viscoelastic model under impact loading

A simple nonlinear buckling analysis is applied to a one-degree-of-freedom arch under impact loading in which viscous damping may also be included. Such a loading consists of a falling body striking centrally the joint mass of the arch in such a way that a completely plastic impact can be postulated. When there is no damping the exact dynamic buckling load for such a kind of loading-associated with an unbounded motion can be established by using a static criterion (approach). More specifically, it was shown that the dynamic buckling load corresponds to that unstable equilibrium state where the total potential energy of the system is zero. Furthermore, it was proved that the second variation of the total potential energy at the foregoing unstable equilibrium state is negative definite. This implies that the curve loading versus displacement resulting by the vanishing of the total potential energy has always a maximum on the afore mentioned unstable state. It was also found that the system may become sensitive to initial conditions. If damping is included the foregoing static criterion yields lower bound buckling estimates. These findings were verified by employing a highly efficient approximate technique as well as the numerical scheme of Runge-Kutta for solving any nonlinear initial-value problem.     

Dynamic buckling of a simple elastic-plastic model under pulse loading

The dynamic buckling of an elastic-plastic imperfection-sensitive model subjected to rectangular- and triangular-shaped loading pulses is examined to provide some insight into the dynamic buckling behaviour of structures. The loading pulse is expressed as a function of the horizontal displacement, which allows an analytical method to be used for determining the stability domains for both pulses. The estimates obtained are compared with some previously published results on the dynamic elastic-plastic buckling of the same model under a step loading. It transpires that for the pulse loading of models with large imperfections dynamic instability occurs either elastically or plastically depending on the pulse duration, while for a step loading only an elastic instability is possible for the parameters examined.     

Numerical solution to the buckling problem for a sandwich plate under uniaxial compression

A thin rectangular sandwich plate with isotropic linear elastic layers is considered. The plate is in a plane-strain state under uniaxial compression. An exact statement of the buckling problem is given. Its approximate solution is found by the finite-difference method. The concept of base scheme is used to formulate discrete problems in explicit and compact form. As an example, the critical parameters of the plate are calculated using a computation optimization procedure. Its efficiency is demonstrated __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 42, No. 9, pp. 98–105, September 2006.     

Finite element analysis of the secondary buckling of a flat plate under uniaxial compression

Uemura and Byon (Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. 13, 1–14, 1978) presented experimental results and a numerical analysis about the secondary buckling of clamped flal plates under uniaxial compression. However, their numerical analysis is based upon an inconsistent flat plate finite element and it does not take into account the important influence of antisymmetric imperfections.This paper presents and discusses F.E.M. results obtained by two computer codes using very different approaches, and compares these results with the experimental ones.     

Creep buckling and postbuckling of circular cylindrical shells under axial compression

An infinitely long, axially compressed, circular cylindrical shell with an imperfection in the shape of the axisymmetric classical buckling mode, undergoing steady or non-steady creep, is analyzed. The axisymmetric problem is solved incrementally using nonlinear shell equations The ratio of the applied stress to the classical buckling stress determines if the shell will collapse axisymmetrically or if it will bifurcate into a nonaxisymmetric mode, and whether or not bifurcation will result in instantaneous collapse. The bifurcation problem is formulated exactly and the initial postbuckling behavior is investigated via an asymptotic elastic analysis, based on Koiter's general theory Numerical results are compared with available experimental data.     

Experimental studies on buckling of ring-stiffened conical shells under axial compression

The buckling of integrally external ringstiffened conical shells under axial compression was investigated experimentally. Experimental results were compared with theory to find the effect of the stiffener parameters (e ₂ /h), (A ₂ /a ₀ h) and (I ₂₂ /a ₀ h ³ ) as well as of shell geometry. Agreement between classical linear theory and experiments was found to be governed primarily by the area parameter (A ₂ /a ₀ h), and correlation with theory was significantly affected in the range 0.1<(A ₂ /a ₀ h)<0.5 of that parameter. Beyond this region there is practically no improvement with increase in ring area, whereas the weight of the shell continues to increase linearly. An approximate formula is proposed for calculation of critical loads and found to yield results very close to the more exact critical values calculated by linear theory. A modified “Southwell plot” method was applied and both the intercept method and slope method were used. Critical loads computed from the strain records were found to be below the classical linear-theory predictions and closer to experimental ones.