生物无毒性高分子膜的紫外光透过性能研究

本文对PVA、PAN等几种高分子膜的紫外光透过性能进行了实验研究,为高分子膜在生物领域找到了新的应用,在选择透紫外光膜时,一方面要考虑高分子的分子结构,另一方面要考虑膜孔、膜厚等膜结构参数。     

双柱胶体粒子与管状生物膜的相互作用

本文采用Helfrich理论模型研究双柱胶体粒子与管状生物膜的相互作用.通过对柱状粒子与不同半径的管状膜吸附时的自由能分析发现,该体系存在具有较小包络角的弱吸附相以及具有较大包络角的深度吸附相.进一步研究发现体系从解吸附相到弱吸附相的相变是二级相变,而从弱吸附相到深度吸附相的相变是一级相变.双柱粒子与管状膜相对位置的不同会影响体系相变和结构.     

双亲分子流体膜的弹性与热涨落生物膜的Helfrich理论

本文简要评述了双亲分子流体膜的弹性与热力学涨落的理论研究现状。介绍了基于这一理论所导出的细胞膜的形状方程式和膜间的热涨落排斥力。另外,对有关物理量的实验测量也作了较全面的陈述。     

金属表面镀高分子膜对真空击穿阈值的影响

探索提高金属表面真空击穿阈值的方法,对脉冲功率技术的发展和应用具有重要意义。在金属表面电子发射理论分析的基础上,采用有限元法计算阴极杆表面电场随二极管电压的变化规律,设计了实验系统,并开展了实验研究。实验对比了在脉宽约30 ns、阴极杆与阳极筒间隙12 mm时,钛合金TC4阴极杆在不同种类高分子膜（膜厚30～60 μm）下真空击穿阈值的变化情况。在表面粗糙度R_z（轮廓最大高度）为0.8 μm的TC4阴极杆表面分别镀环氧树脂膜和丙烯酸膜,实验结果表明,镀丙烯酸膜阴极杆的击穿阈值约505 kV/cm,相对于不镀膜阴极杆,击穿场强提高了约20.6%;在表面粗糙度R_z为0.2 μm的TC4阴极杆表面分别镀聚酰亚胺膜和聚醚醚酮膜,实验结果表明,镀聚酰亚胺膜阴极杆的击穿阈值为584 kV/cm,相对于不镀膜阴极杆,击穿场强提高了约28.1%。因此,在金属表面镀丙烯酸膜、聚酰亚胺膜可以有效提高金属表面的真空击穿阈值。     

ZnO纳米流体对氨水降膜吸收影响的实验研究

通过配制不同浓度ZnO纳米流体的氨水溶液,研究了ZnO纳米流体氨溶液在降膜吸收器内定初始压力条件下对氨气的吸收效果。结果表明:不同浓度的纳米流体体现出对氨水降膜吸收强化的效果有所不同,随着ZnO纳米流体浓度的增大,对氨水降膜吸收的强化影响先增大后减小,且在浓度为0.1wt%时强化效果最佳。从实验还可看出,氨水基液浓度的增加使氨气的吸收量逐渐减小,但纳米流体的添加均可使吸收量得到不同程度的提高,纳米流体的加入,还可放缓由于氨水基液浓度增高引起的吸收速率降低的速度,且强化吸收的最佳纳米流体浓度不随氨水基液浓度的改变而改变。     

模压成型短纤维及颗粒填充高分子复合材料弹性常数的超声测定

本工作使用超声浸液法测量模压成型短纤维及颗粒填充高分子复合材料5个弹性常数的方法，对短切碳纤维、炭黑填充聚苯硫醚、酚本型聚芳醚砜复合材料进行了测量；结果表明，各方向的拉伸模量和剪切模量均随填料含量的增加而有所提高，复合材料的弹性性能与其结构有着密切的联系。     

高分子相分离研究动态

高分子相分离研究动态１高分子共混物超薄膜的相分离高分子是由简单的结构单元即单体连接而成的长链分子．单一的高分子材料有其独特的有用性能．不同高分子形成的共混物有可能结合各自的优异性能，但高分子共混物通常是不稳定的，两种不同的高聚物混合后倾向于相分离．这...     

可压缩气体中带电Newton流体平面液膜的不稳定性分析

液体雾化被广泛应用于工业、农业等领域,雾化过程中液体首先形成液膜,液膜在气液边界层内出现不稳定,导致液膜破碎。因此液膜的不稳定性对液体雾化起着非常重要的作用,有必要对液膜的不稳定性进行研究。采用数值计算的方法对可压缩气体中黏性平面液膜的不稳定性进行了研究,首先对黏性平面液膜和气体的速度分布进行推导,在此基础上采用谱方法对黏性平面液膜的不稳定性进行了研究。研究发现：在正弦和曲张模式下,施加电场会加速平面液膜的破碎;正弦模式比曲张模式更加不稳定,说明正弦模式在平面液膜不稳定中起主导作用;气体Mach数、电Euler数、气体Reynolds数、 Weber数和动量通量比的增加会加速液膜的破裂;随着气体边界层与液膜厚度比和液体Reynolds数的增加,扰动波的增长速率降低,液膜变得更加稳定。     

聚酰亚胺LB膜上液晶表面锚定的研究

通过测试光延迟研究了聚酰亚胺ＬＢ膜的光学各向异性，分析了在ＬＢ膜成膜过程中成膜分子的流动取向特性，并研究了液晶的表面锚定能，分析了ＬＢ膜上液晶的取向机制．聚酰亚胺ＬＢ膜的链段的取向程度较强摩擦情形的聚酰亚胺表面的链段取向要差．强摩擦的聚酰亚胺会比聚酰亚胺ＬＢ膜具有更好的排列液晶分子的能力．ＬＢ膜的流动取向模式使得聚酰亚胺成膜分子沿拉伸方向形成一定的有序排列，并诱导液晶分子定向排列，液晶和聚合物分子相互作用是液晶表面排列的主要动力 关键词：     

聚酰亚胺膜上液晶表面锚定强度的研究

研究了取向剂聚酰亚胺上摩擦强度与液晶的表面锚定强度的关系,分析了液晶的表面锚定强度与液晶分子表面预倾角的关系,并运用空间相互作用模型及表面沟槽理论进行了对比分析,认为液晶分子的表面排列机理主要是聚合物与液晶分子的空间相互作用力。 关键词：     

Confinement of spherical colloid particles in a soft fluid membrane tube

We investigate the structure of multiple spherical particles confined in a soft membrane tube that originally has a cylindrical shape. Assuming an attraction energy between the surface of the spherical particle and the inner wall of the membrane tube, we show that a variety of conformational structures can be stabilized on the basis of analyzing a Helfrich energy for the soft tube. Using a numerical approach, we calculate the phase diagram in terms of basic parameters in the system. Structures that prefer close contact of spheres and structures that contain well separated spheres are found in this calculation.     

Symmetrical adhesion of two cylindrical colloids to a tubular membrane

With the full treatment of the Helfrich model we theoretically study the symmetrical adhesion of two cylindrical colloids to a tubular membrane. The adhesion of the rigid cylinders with different radius from the membrane tube surface can produce both shallow wrapping with relatively small wrapping angle and deep wrapping with big wrapping angle. These significant structural behaviors can be obtained by analyzing the system energy. A second order adhesion transition from the desorbed to weakly adhered states is found, and a first order phase transition where the cylindrical colloids undergo an abrupt transition from weakly adhered to strongly adhered states can be obtained as well.     

Pair interaction of bilayer-coated nanoscopic particles

The pair interaction between bilayer membrane-coated nanosized particles has been explored by using the self-consistent field (SCF) theory. The bilayer membranes are composed of amphiphilic polymers. For different system parameters, the pair-interaction free energies are obtained. Particular emphasis is placed on the analysis of a sequence of structural transformations of bilayers on spherical particles, which occur during their approaching processes. For different head fractions of amphiphiles, the asymmetrical morphologies between bilayers on two particles and the inverted micellar intermediates have been found in the membrane fusion pathway. These results can benefit the fabrication of vesicles as encapsulation vectors for drug and gene delivery.     

On the equilibrium equation for a generalized biological membrane energy by using a shape optimization approach

A mechanical equilibrium equation of a vesicle membrane under a generalized elastic bending energy is obtained in this paper. Moreover, the derivation of this equilibrium equation is based on some shape optimization tools. This approach is new and more concise than the tensorial tools used previously for this problem.     

Exploring Microstructures and Interphase Properties of Surface- Grafted Diblock Copolymers in a Homopolymer Melt by Self-Consistent Field Theory Simulations

Polymeric self-consistent field theory is used to investigate microstructures and interphase properties of diblock copolymers grafted onto solid surfaces in a homopolymer melt. The calculations show that the grafted diblock copolymers can self-assemble into hemispherical microstructures at low grafting densities of the diblock copolymers. The morphology transforms into hemicylinder-like and sandwich-like lamellar microstructures with an increase in the chain-grafting density. The effective thickness of the grafted block layer and the interphase width between the homopolymer melt and the grafted copolymers strongly depend on the physicochemical parameters of the system, such as the composition of the grafted copolymer, the chemical incompatibility between the different components, the length ratio of grafted copolymer to homopolymer, and the grafting density of the diblock copolymers. In addition, the above computational results of microphase-separated structures and interphase properties are qualitatively compared with our previous experimental observations. The comparison indicates that our theoretical results not only reproduce the general feature of the experimental observations, but also elucidate the internal structural information and complement the findings in the region of high grafting densities of diblock copolymers.     

Self-consistent field theory of adsorption of flexible polyelectrolytes onto an oppositely charged sphere

The adsorption of flexible polyelectrolyte （PE） with the smeared charge distribution onto an oppositely charged sphere immersed in a PE solution is studied numerically with the continuum self-consistent field theory. The power law scaling relationships between the boundary layer thickness and the surface charge density and the charge fraction of PE chains revealed in the study are in good agreement with the existing analytical result. The curvature effect on the degree of charge compensation of the total amount of charges on the adsorbed PE chains over the surface charges is examined, and a clear understanding of it based on the dependences of the degree of charge compensation on the surface charge density and the charge fraction of PE chains is established.     

Thermodynamics of the Stockmayer fluid in an applied field

The thermodynamic properties of the Stockmayer fluid in an applied field are studied using theory and computer simulation. Theoretical expressions for the second and third virial coefficients are obtained in terms of the dipolar coupling constant (λ, measuring the strength of dipolar interactions as compared to thermal energy) and dipole–field interaction energy (α, being proportional to the applied field strength). These expressions are tested against numerical results obtained by Mayer sampling calculations. The expression for the second virial coefficient contains terms up to λ⁴, and is found to be accurate over realistic ranges of dipole moment and temperature, and over the entire range of the applied field strength (from zero to infinity). The corresponding expression for the third virial coefficient is truncated at λ³, and is not very accurate: higher order terms are very difficult to calculate. The virial coefficients are incorporated in to a thermodynamic theory based on a logarithmic representation of the Helmholtz free energy. This theory is designed to retain the input virial coefficients, and account for some higher order terms in the sense of a resummation. The compressibility factor is obtained from the theory and compared to results from molecular dynamics simulations with a typical value λ = 1. Despite the mathematical approximations of the virial coefficients, the theory captures the effects of the applied field very well. Finally, the vapour–liquid critical parameters are determined from the theory, and compared to published simulation results; the agreement between the theory and simulations is good.     

H_2+He流体混合物在部分离解区的物态方程

H2+He流体混合物在高温高压下由于氢的离解化学反应形成由H2,H,He三种粒子构成的混合体系,此时粒子间的相互作用较为复杂,离解能也会由于粒子间的这种复杂相互作用而降低.本文利用自洽流体变分理论来研究部分离解区H2+He流体混合物的高温高压物态方程,模型考虑了各种粒子间的相互作用及由温致和压致效应引起的离解能降低的自洽变分修正,并通过自洽流体变分过程对非理想的离解平衡方程求解得到粒子数密度分布,进而对自由能求导获得体系的热力学状态参量.计算结果与已有的冲击波实验数据、蒙特卡罗模拟及其他理论计算进行了比较.     

哈密顿正则方程在生物膜与胶体粒子相互作用研究中的应用

介绍经典分析力学中的哈密顿正则方程在生物膜与胶体粒子相互作用研究中的一个具体应用.由Helfrich理论模型得到体系的哈密顿,用正则方程给出一组常微分方程,并用打靶法对其进行求解得到体系的稳定构型随膜参数变化的规律.