Transformations of (1E,3E)-1-(benzoylamino)-4-(dimethylamino)buta-1,3-diene-1,2,3-tricarboxylates into pyridine and pyrrole derivatives

New, highly functionalised (1E,3E)-1-(benzoylamino)-4-(dimethylamino)buta-1,3-diene-1,2,3-tricarboxylates proved to be useful and versatile reagents in the formation of highly substituted pyridine, N-aminopyridine, pyrrole and pyrido[3,4-c]pyridazine derivatives. The formation of the particular type heterocyclic system is dependent on the starting (1E,3E)-1-(benzoylamino)-4-(dimethylamino)buta-1,3-diene-1,2,3-tricarboxylate. By an appropriate choice of different ester groups it is possible to drive the reactions towards the formation of either pyridine or pyrrole derivatives.     

Nitrate and perchlorate salts of a silver(I) complex from 5-methyl-2-(2,3-diaza-4-(5-methyl-2-thienyl)buta-1,3-dienyl)thiophene

Bis(5-methyl-2-(2,3-diaza-4-(5-methyl-2-thienyl)buta-1,3-dienyl)thiophene) silver(I) complex was synthesized in high yield by refluxing 5-methyl-2-(2,3-diaza-4-(5-methyl-2-thienyl)buta-1,3-dienyl)thiophene (L) with silver nitrate or silver perchlorate in anhydrous acetonitrile. The product thus formed was well characterized by NMR, IR, UV–Vis and mass spectroscopies as well as elemental analysis and electrochemical analysis. Molecular structures of compounds L, [L₂Ag]NO₃ and [L₂Ag]ClO₄ were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It was found that the C=N double bond of the ligand rotated during the course of ligand coordination in the case of the perchlorate salt but not in the case of the nitrate salt.     

New approach to the synthesis of tetrazole-containing buta-1,3-diynes: The total synthesis of 1,4-bis(2-(tert-butyl)-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)buta-1,3-diyne

An approach for the total synthesis of 1,4-bis(2-(tert-butyl)-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)buta-1,3-diyne was reported. Developed approach to the synthesis of 1,4-bis(2-(tert-butyl)-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)buta-1,3-diyne can be used for obtaining different 2,5-bis(tetrazol-5-yl)-disubstituted five-membered heterocycles (e.g. thiophenes, pyrroles, furans etc.), as well as tetrazole-containing monomers for the synthesis of new types of electroconductive and high energetic polymers.     

Novel intramolecular cyclization of 2-(buta-1,3-dienyl)-3-methylpyrazines and 3-(buta-1,3-dienyl)-4-methyl-1,2,5-oxadiazoles into 5H-cycloheptapyrazines and 4H-cyclohepta-1,2,5-oxadiazoles

2-(Buta-1,3-dienyl)-3-methylpyrazines (5) and 3-(buta-1,3-dienyl)-4-methyl-1,2,5-oxadiazoles (10) were synthesized starting from base-induced reaction of 2,3-dimethylpyrazine or 3,4-dimethyl-1,2,5-oxadiazole with α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. The thus obtained heteroaromatics bearing a butadienyl moiety and a methyl at the adjacent position underwent intramolecular cyclization by the action of LDA to give the corresponding heteroaromatics fused with a seven-membered ring [7 (8)] and [11 (12)] in moderate to high yields.     

Serendipitous stereoselective synthesis of brand-new fluorescent dyes: (1Z)-3-(alkylimino)-1-[(chromone-3-yl)methylene]-1,3-dihydro-9H-furo[3,4-b]chromen-9-one-type fluorophores with blue fluorescence emission properties

The reactions of 3-formylchromones with alkyl isocyanides in dry dichloromethane at room temperature lead to new types of organic fluorophores (1Z)-3-(alkylimino)-1-[(chromone-3-yl)methylene]-1,3-dihydro-9H-furo[3,4-b]chromen-9-one, which exhibited strong blue emission in solution. The reactions involve a [4+1] cycloaddition followed by an activated electrophilic aromatic substitution at the furan ring and dehydration sequence.     

Synthesis of 3-[2-(1,3-butadienyl)]-1H-indoles en route to murrapanine analogue

A three-step procedure has been developed for the synthesis of 3-[2-(1,3-butadienyl)]-1H-indoles. TBAF was proved to be an effective reagent for dehydrobromination and carbomethoxy deprotection in one step to give 3-[2-(1,3-butadienyl)]-1H-indoles from the corresponding bromo-derivatives. Suitably substituted indolyl-1,3-butadiene has been successfully applied to prepare murrapanine analogue via Diels-Alder reaction.     

The Reactions of 6-(tert-Butyl)-3-hydrazino-1,2,4-triazin-5(2H)-one with Carbonyl Compounds

The reaction of 6-(tert-butyl)-3-hydrazino-1,2,4-triazin-5(2H)-one with acetone and benzaldehyde yields the corresponding hydrazones. In the presence of thionyl chloride the benzaldehyde hydrazone is converted to 3-(tert-butyl)-6-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b]-1,2,4-triazin-2(1H)-one and this can also be formed via the acylation of the starting hydrazinotriazinone using benzoyl chloride.     

A study of the Claisen rearrangement of 7-(3-phenyl-2-propenyloxy)-3-phenyl-(4H)-1-benzopyran-4-one derivatives

Summary The Claisen rearrangement of 7-(3-phenyl-2-propenyloxy)-3-phenyl-(4H)-1-benzopyran-4-one (2 a) gave 7-hydroxy-8-(1-phenyl-2-propenyl)-3-phenyl-(4H)-1-benzopyran-4-one (3 a) and 2,3-dihydro-2,6-diphenyl-3-methyl-(7H)furo[2,3-h]-1-benzopyran-7-one (7 a). 2-Methyl-7-(3-phenyl-2-propenyloxy)-3-phenyl-(4H)-1-benzopyran-4-one (2 b) afforded4 b and7 b. 8-Methyl-7-(3-phenyl-2-propenyloxy)-3-phenyl-(4H)-1-benzopyran-4-one (12) gave only the alkali soluble product 7-hydroxy-8-methyl-6-(1-phenyl-2-propenyl)-3-phenyl-(4H)-1-benzopyran-4-one (13).3 a,4 b, and13 were further cyclized in acidic medium to9 a,10 b, and14 followed by dehydrogenation.This paper is dedicated to Dr. F. M. Dean, Department of Organic Chemistry, Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U. K., on his retirement     

Control of electron demand in the cycloadditions of 2(H)-1,4-oxazin-2-ones

3-Methoxy-5-chloro-6-methyl-2(H)-1,4-oxazin-2-one 4, 3-methoxy-5-chloro-6-phenyl-2(H)-1,4-oxazin-2-one 5, 3-phenylsulfenyl-5-chloro-6-methyl-2(H)-1,4-oxazin-2-one 6, and 3-phenylsulfenyl-5-chloro-6-phenyl-2(H)-1,4-oxazin-2-one 7, are ambident dienes and undergo Diels-Alder cycloadditions with electron neutral, rich and deficient dienophiles.     

2-Cyanopyridazin-3(2H)-ones: effective and chemoselective electrophilic cyanating agents

2-Cyanopyridazin-3(2H)-ones are novel, effective, selective and electrophilic cyanating agents. A variety of amino, thiol and carbon nucleophiles are chemoselectively N-, S- or C-cyanated in excellent yield using 2-cyanopyridanzin-3(2H)-ones in water or tetrahydrofuran.     

Synthesis of 1H-indol-2-yl-(4-aryl)-quinolin-2(1H)-ones via Pd-catalyzed regioselective cross-coupling reaction and cyclization

An efficient and novel route for the synthesis of 1H-indol-2-yl-(4-aryl)-quinolin-2(1H)-one 1 via palladium-catalyzed site-selective cross-coupling reaction and cyclization process was described. Reaction of 3-bromo-4-trifloxy-quinolin-2(1H)-one 3 with arylboronic acid catalyzed by PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ afforded 3-bromo-4-aryl-quinolin-2(1H)-one 4, which then reacted with 2-ethynylaniline 5 via Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling and CuI-mediated cyclization leading to the desired 1H-indol-2-yl-(4-aryl)-quinolin-2(1H)-one 1 in good yields.     

Reaction of 2-(2-oxoethylidene)furan-3(2H)-ones with isopropylidenehydrazides of aromatic carboxylic acids: Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-(2-oxoethyl)-2,3-dihydropyridazin-4(1H)-ones

3-Hydroxy-3-(2-oxoethyl)-6-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridazin-4(1H)-ones were obtained by the reaction of methyl 3-oxo-5-phenylfuran-2(3H)-ylideneacetate or 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-oxoethylidene]-5-phenylfuran-3(2H)-one with benzoic or p-nitrobenzoic isopropylidenehydrazides. Equilibrium C₍₅₎H and C₍₅₎H₂ tautomeric forms were detected in solutions of the 4-chlorophenyl derivatives in DMSO-d₆. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, pp. 1156–1158, August, 2007.     

Reactions of 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]furan-2-carbaldehyde

The Knoevenagel condensations of 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]furan-2-carbaldehyde with seven compounds containing an active methyl or methylene group have been studied. The compounds used were: methyl 2-cyanoacetate, malononitrile, 2-furylacetonitrile, acetophenone, 2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (rhodanine), 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione (dimedone), and methyl 2-azidoacetate. The effect of microwave irradiation on the condensation reactions was studied and compared with “’classical”’ conditions. Thermolysis of methyl 2-azido-3-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-furyl}propenoate afforded methyl 2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)]-4H-furo[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate. (2E)-3-{ 5-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-furyl}propenoic acid was converted to the corresponding azide, which was cyclized on heating into 2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)]-4,5-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-4-one. The latter after successive action of POCl₃ and NH₂NH₂-Pd/C gave 2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]furo[3,2-c]pyridine. Published in Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 825–831, June, 2006.     

Cycloaddition of methyl 2-(2,6-dichorophenyl)-2H-azirine-3-carboxylate to electron-rich 2-azadienes

tert-Butyldimethylsililoxy-2-aza-1,3-butadienes react with 2H-azirine 3 leading to Diels-Alder cycloadducts in moderate yields. The reactions are endo- and regioselective with the azirine being added by its less hindered face. There is only one product in the case of 1b, 4b. There are two isomers (4 and 5) from 1a, 1c and 1d. A different result was obtained with the diene 1e. Diene 1e formed products 4e and 8. Some of compounds 4 and 5 have been hydrolysed leading to functionalised aziridines 7. Compound 8 gave aziridine 9.     

Asymmetric Diels–Alder cycloadditions of d-erythrose 1,3-butadienes to achiral t-butyl 2H-azirine 3-carboxylate

Two d-erythrose 1,3-butadienes were reacted with electrophilic achiral t-butyl 2H-azirine 3-carboxylate giving cycloadducts with good yields and moderate selectivity. The isomers could be separated to give the major (R)-isomers at C-2 in approximately 50% yield in both cases. Alternatively LACASA-DA methodology was applied to one of the reactions leading to homochiral (R)- and (S)-products by changing the chiral nature of an extra chiral BINOL inductor used.     

A new enlargement methodology for the preparation of 2H-1- and 2H-3-benzazepin-2-one derivatives

An investigation of the one-carbon homologation of some 1-tribromomethyl-isoquinoline and 2-tribromomethyl-quinoline derivatives was conducted. Under the influence of an aqueous solution of silver nitrate in the presence of a nucleophilic species (MeOH, H₂O, EtNH₂), these derivatives led to the respective expanded heterocycles, 2H-1- and 2H-3-benzazepin-2-one derivatives. A mechanism for this novel ring enlargement involving initial formation of an aziridinium, and its subsequent opening to form a stabilized benzylic carbocation, is proposed to explain the results.     

A simple synthesis of the pentacyclic lamellarin skeleton from 3-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-chromenes and 1-methyl(benzyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines

The basic structural framework of lamellarin alkaloids, 8,9-dihydro-6H-chromeno[4′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives, has been obtained in good yields via Grob synthesis between 3-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-chromenes and 1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines in refluxing isobutanol. In the case of 1-benzyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines, a dynamic NMR effect was observed in the ¹H and ¹⁹F NMR spectra of the products as a result of restricted rotation about the single bond linking the benzene ring and the heterocyclic system. When the reaction was carried out with 3-nitro-2-(trichloromethyl)-2H-chromenes in toluene at room temperature, only Michael adducts, as a mixture of two diastereomers, were isolated.     

Synthesis of Novel New 2-(2-(4-((3,4-Dihydro-4-oxo-3-aryl quinazolin-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)acetoyloxy)-2-phenyl Acetic Acid Esters

Stereoselective diazotization of (S)-2-amino-2-phenyl acetic acid (L-phenyl glycine) (4) with NaNO₂ in 6% H₂SO₄ in a mixture of acetone and water gave optically pure (S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenyl acetic acid (L-mandelic acid) (5). Esterification, gave (S)-2-hydroxy-2-phenyl acetic acid esters (6). The latter was treated with chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) in dichloromethane (DCM) to yield (S)-2-chloroacetyloxy phenyl acetic acid ester (2). In another sequence, the reaction of 2-(chloromethyl)-3-arylquinazolin-4(3H)-one (9) treated with N-Boc piperazine, followed by deprotection of the Boc group, to obtain 3-aryl-2-((piperazin-1-yl)methyl) quinazolin-4(3H)-one (3). Reaction of 2 with 3 in the presence of K₂CO₃ and KI gave the title compound, 2-(2-(4-((3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-arylquinazolin-2-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl) acetoyloxy)-2-phenyl acetic acid esters (1). The structures of all the new compounds obtained in the present work are supported by spectral and analytical data.     

Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of the GABAB Positive Allosteric Modulator (R,S)-5,7-Di-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethyl-3H-benzofuran-2-one

The GABA_B positive allosteric modulator (R,S)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethyl-3H-benzofuran-2-one (1) was synthesized in one pot from the anhydrous lithium salt of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and methyl trifluoropyruvate mediated by a stoichiometric amount of anhydrous gallium(III) chloride in 64% overall yield. The enantiomers of 1 were separated by chiral-phase HPLC (Chiralpak AD®), and the absolute configuration was determined by X-ray crystallography.     

A new and efficient method for the synthesis of 3-(2-nitrophenyl)pyruvic acid derivatives and indoles based on the Reissert reaction

The formation of 3-(2-nitrophenyl)pyruvic acid and its amide and ester derivatives – key compounds for the Reissert indole synthesis – was achieved under various reaction conditions via the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of 5-(2-nitrobenzyliden)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-4-one, which is readily available from 3-(2-nitrophenyl)oxirane-2-carboxamide. A new and highly efficient method for the synthesis of indole-2-carboxylic acid derivatives via the intramolecular reductive cyclization of o-nitrophenylpyruvic acid and its amide and ester derivatives was developed using Na₂S₂O₄ in dioxane/water at reflux.